ZooKeeper Java Example

by

Table of contents
1 A Simple Watch Client......................................................................................................2
1.1 Requirements.................................................................................................................2
1.2 Program Design............................................................................................................ 2
2 The Executor Class............................................................................................................ 2
3 The DataMonitor Class...................................................................................................... 5
4 Complete Source Listings.................................................................................................. 7

Copyright 2008-2013 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.

ZooKeeper Java Example

1 A Simple Watch Client

To introduce you to the ZooKeeper Java API, we develop here a very simple watch client.
This ZooKeeper client watches a ZooKeeper node for changes and responds to by starting or
stopping a program.
1.1 Requirements

The client has four requirements:

It takes as parameters:

the address of the ZooKeeper service

the name of a znode - the one to be watched
the name of a file to write the output to
an executable with arguments.
It fetches the data associated with the znode and starts the executable.
If the znode changes, the client refetches the contents and restarts the executable.
If the znode disappears, the client kills the executable.

1.2 Program Design

Conventionally, ZooKeeper applications are broken into two units, one which maintains
the connection, and the other which monitors data. In this application, the class called the
Executor maintains the ZooKeeper connection, and the class called the DataMonitor
monitors the data in the ZooKeeper tree. Also, Executor contains the main thread and
contains the execution logic. It is responsible for what little user interaction there is, as well
as interaction with the exectuable program you pass in as an argument and which the sample
(per the requirements) shuts down and restarts, according to the state of the znode.
2 The Executor Class
The Executor object is the primary container of the sample application. It contains both the
ZooKeeper object, DataMonitor, as described above in Program Design.
// from the Executor class...
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (args.length < 4) {
System.err
.println("USAGE: Executor hostPort znode filename program [args ...]");
System.exit(2);
}
String hostPort = args[0];
String znode = args[1];
String filename = args[2];
String exec[] = new String[args.length - 3];
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ZooKeeper Java Example

System.arraycopy(args, 3, exec, 0, exec.length);

try {
new Executor(hostPort, znode, filename, exec).run();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public Executor(String hostPort, String znode, String filename,
String exec[]) throws KeeperException, IOException {
this.filename = filename;
this.exec = exec;
zk = new ZooKeeper(hostPort, 3000, this);
dm = new DataMonitor(zk, znode, null, this);
}
public void run() {
try {
synchronized (this) {
while (!dm.dead) {
wait();
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}

Recall that the Executor's job is to start and stop the executable whose name you pass in on
the command line. It does this in response to events fired by the ZooKeeper object. As you
can see in the code above, the Executor passes a reference to itself as the Watcher argument
in the ZooKeeper constructor. It also passes a reference to itself as DataMonitorListener
argument to the DataMonitor constructor. Per the Executor's definition, it implements both
these interfaces:
public class Executor implements Watcher, Runnable, DataMonitor.DataMonitorListener {
...

The Watcher interface is defined by the ZooKeeper Java API. ZooKeeper uses it to
communicate back to its container. It supports only one method, process(), and
ZooKeeper uses it to communciates generic events that the main thread would be intersted
in, such as the state of the ZooKeeper connection or the ZooKeeper session.The Executor
in this example simply forwards those events down to the DataMonitor to decide what to do
with them. It does this simply to illustrate the point that, by convention, the Executor or some
Executor-like object "owns" the ZooKeeper connection, but it is free to delegate the events
to other events to other objects. It also uses this as the default channel on which to fire watch
events. (More on this later.)
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
dm.process(event);

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ZooKeeper Java Example

The DataMonitorListener interface, on the other hand, is not part of the the ZooKeeper
API. It is a completely custom interface, designed for this sample application. The
DataMonitor object uses it to communicate back to its container, which is also the the
Executor object.The DataMonitorListener interface looks like this:
public interface DataMonitorListener {
/**
* The existence status of the node has changed.
*/
void exists(byte data[]);
/**
* The ZooKeeper session is no longer valid.
*
* @param rc
* the ZooKeeper reason code
*/
void closing(int rc);
}

This interface is defined in the DataMonitor class and implemented in the Executor class.
When Executor.exists() is invoked, the Executor decides whether to start up or shut
down per the requirements. Recall that the requires say to kill the executable when the znode
ceases to exist.
When Executor.closing() is invoked, the Executor decides whether or not to shut
itself down in response to the ZooKeeper connection permanently disappearing.
As you might have guessed, DataMonitor is the object that invokes these methods, in
response to changes in ZooKeeper's state.
Here are Executor's implementation of DataMonitorListener.exists() and
DataMonitorListener.closing:
public void exists( byte[] data ) {
if (data == null) {
if (child != null) {
System.out.println("Killing process");
child.destroy();
try {
child.waitFor();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
child = null;
} else {
if (child != null) {
System.out.println("Stopping child");
child.destroy();
try {
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ZooKeeper Java Example

child.waitFor();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
try {
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(filename);
fos.write(data);
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
System.out.println("Starting child");
child = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(exec);
new StreamWriter(child.getInputStream(), System.out);
new StreamWriter(child.getErrorStream(), System.err);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void closing(int rc) {
synchronized (this) {
notifyAll();
}
}

3 The DataMonitor Class

The DataMonitor class has the meat of the ZooKeeper logic. It is mostly asynchronous and
event driven. DataMonitor kicks things off in the constructor with:
public DataMonitor(ZooKeeper zk, String znode, Watcher chainedWatcher,
DataMonitorListener listener) {
this.zk = zk;
this.znode = znode;
this.chainedWatcher = chainedWatcher;
this.listener = listener;
// Get things started by checking if the node exists. We are going
// to be completely event driven
zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
}

The call to ZooKeeper.exists() checks for the existence of the znode, sets a watch,
and passes a reference to itself (this) as the completion callback object. In this sense, it
kicks things off, since the real processing happens when the watch is triggered.
Note:

Don't confuse the completion callback with the watch callback. The ZooKeeper.exists()
completion callback, which happens to be the method StatCallback.processResult()
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ZooKeeper Java Example

implemented in the DataMonitor object, is invoked when the asynchronous setting of the watch
operation (by ZooKeeper.exists()) completes on the server.
The triggering of the watch, on the other hand, sends an event to the Executor object, since the
Executor registered as the Watcher of the ZooKeeper object.
As an aside, you might note that the DataMonitor could also register itself as the Watcher for this
particular watch event. This is new to ZooKeeper 3.0.0 (the support of multiple Watchers). In this
example, however, DataMonitor does not register as the Watcher.

When the ZooKeeper.exists() operation completes on the server, the ZooKeeper API
invokes this completion callback on the client:
public void processResult(int rc, String path, Object ctx, Stat stat) {
boolean exists;
switch (rc) {
case Code.Ok:
exists = true;
break;
case Code.NoNode:
exists = false;
break;
case Code.SessionExpired:
case Code.NoAuth:
dead = true;
listener.closing(rc);
return;
default:
// Retry errors
zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
return;
}
byte b[] = null;
if (exists) {
try {
b = zk.getData(znode, false, null);
} catch (KeeperException e) {
// We don't need to worry about recovering now. The watch
// callbacks will kick off any exception handling
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
return;
}
}
if ((b == null && b != prevData)
|| (b != null && !Arrays.equals(prevData, b))) {
listener.exists(b);
prevData = b;
}
}

The code first checks the error codes for znode existence, fatal errors, and recoverable errors.
If the file (or znode) exists, it gets the data from the znode, and then invoke the exists()
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ZooKeeper Java Example

callback of Executor if the state has changed. Note, it doesn't have to do any Exception
processing for the getData call because it has watches pending for anything that could cause
an error: if the node is deleted before it calls ZooKeeper.getData(), the watch event
set by the ZooKeeper.exists() triggers a callback; if there is a communication error, a
connection watch event fires when the connection comes back up.
Finally, notice how DataMonitor processes watch events:
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
String path = event.getPath();
if (event.getType() == Event.EventType.None) {
// We are are being told that the state of the
// connection has changed
switch (event.getState()) {
case SyncConnected:
// In this particular example we don't need to do anything
// here - watches are automatically re-registered with
// server and any watches triggered while the client was
// disconnected will be delivered (in order of course)
break;
case Expired:
// It's all over
dead = true;
listener.closing(KeeperException.Code.SessionExpired);
break;
}
} else {
if (path != null && path.equals(znode)) {
// Something has changed on the node, let's find out
zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
}
}
if (chainedWatcher != null) {
chainedWatcher.process(event);
}
}

If the client-side ZooKeeper libraries can re-establish the communication channel

(SyncConnected event) to ZooKeeper before session expiration (Expired event) all of the
session's watches will automatically be re-established with the server (auto-reset of watches
is new in ZooKeeper 3.0.0). See ZooKeeper Watches in the programmer guide for more on
this. A bit lower down in this function, when DataMonitor gets an event for a znode, it calls
ZooKeeper.exists() to find out what has changed.
4 Complete Source Listings
Executor.javaExecutor.java
/**
* A simple example program to use DataMonitor to start and
* stop executables based on a znode. The program watches the
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ZooKeeper Java Example

* specified znode and saves the data that corresponds to the

* znode in the filesystem. It also starts the specified program
* with the specified arguments when the znode exists and kills
* the program if the znode goes away.
*/
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import
import
import
import

org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;

public class Executor

implements Watcher, Runnable, DataMonitor.DataMonitorListener
{
String znode;
DataMonitor dm;
ZooKeeper zk;
String filename;
String exec[];
Process child;
public Executor(String hostPort, String znode, String filename,
String exec[]) throws KeeperException, IOException {
this.filename = filename;
this.exec = exec;
zk = new ZooKeeper(hostPort, 3000, this);
dm = new DataMonitor(zk, znode, null, this);
}
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (args.length < 4) {
System.err
.println("USAGE: Executor hostPort znode filename program
[args ...]");
System.exit(2);
}
String hostPort = args[0];
String znode = args[1];
String filename = args[2];
String exec[] = new String[args.length - 3];
System.arraycopy(args, 3, exec, 0, exec.length);
try {
new Executor(hostPort, znode, filename, exec).run();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
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ZooKeeper Java Example

/***************************************************************************
* We do process any events ourselves, we just need to forward them on.
*
* @see
org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher#process(org.apache.zookeeper.proto.WatcherEvent)
*/
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
dm.process(event);
}
public void run() {
try {
synchronized (this) {
while (!dm.dead) {
wait();
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
public void closing(int rc) {
synchronized (this) {
notifyAll();
}
}
static class StreamWriter extends Thread {
OutputStream os;
InputStream is;
StreamWriter(InputStream is, OutputStream os) {
this.is = is;
this.os = os;
start();
}
public void run() {
byte b[] = new byte[80];
int rc;
try {
while ((rc = is.read(b)) > 0) {
os.write(b, 0, rc);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
}
public void exists(byte[] data) {
if (data == null) {
if (child != null) {
System.out.println("Killing process");
child.destroy();
try {
child.waitFor();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
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ZooKeeper Java Example

}
child = null;
} else {
if (child != null) {
System.out.println("Stopping child");
child.destroy();
try {
child.waitFor();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
try {
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(filename);
fos.write(data);
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
System.out.println("Starting child");
child = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(exec);
new StreamWriter(child.getInputStream(), System.out);
new StreamWriter(child.getErrorStream(), System.err);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}

DataMonitor.javaDataMonitor.java
/**
* A simple class that monitors the data and existence of a ZooKeeper
* node. It uses asynchronous ZooKeeper APIs.
*/
import java.util.Arrays;
import
import
import
import
import
import
import

org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
org.apache.zookeeper.AsyncCallback.StatCallback;
org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.Code;
org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;

public class DataMonitor implements Watcher, StatCallback {

ZooKeeper zk;
String znode;
Watcher chainedWatcher;
boolean dead;

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ZooKeeper Java Example

DataMonitorListener listener;
byte prevData[];
public DataMonitor(ZooKeeper zk, String znode, Watcher chainedWatcher,
DataMonitorListener listener) {
this.zk = zk;
this.znode = znode;
this.chainedWatcher = chainedWatcher;
this.listener = listener;
// Get things started by checking if the node exists. We are going
// to be completely event driven
zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
}
/**
* Other classes use the DataMonitor by implementing this method
*/
public interface DataMonitorListener {
/**
* The existence status of the node has changed.
*/
void exists(byte data[]);
/**
* The ZooKeeper session is no longer valid.
*
* @param rc
*
the ZooKeeper reason code
*/
void closing(int rc);
}
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
String path = event.getPath();
if (event.getType() == Event.EventType.None) {
// We are are being told that the state of the
// connection has changed
switch (event.getState()) {
case SyncConnected:
// In this particular example we don't need to do anything
// here - watches are automatically re-registered with
// server and any watches triggered while the client was
// disconnected will be delivered (in order of course)
break;
case Expired:
// It's all over
dead = true;
listener.closing(KeeperException.Code.SessionExpired);
break;
}
} else {
if (path != null && path.equals(znode)) {
// Something has changed on the node, let's find out
zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
}
}
if (chainedWatcher != null) {
chainedWatcher.process(event);
}
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ZooKeeper Java Example

}
public void processResult(int rc, String path, Object ctx, Stat stat) {
boolean exists;
switch (rc) {
case Code.Ok:
exists = true;
break;
case Code.NoNode:
exists = false;
break;
case Code.SessionExpired:
case Code.NoAuth:
dead = true;
listener.closing(rc);
return;
default:
// Retry errors
zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
return;
}
byte b[] = null;
if (exists) {
try {
b = zk.getData(znode, false, null);
} catch (KeeperException e) {
// We don't need to worry about recovering now. The watch
// callbacks will kick off any exception handling
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
return;
}
}
if ((b == null && b != prevData)
|| (b != null && !Arrays.equals(prevData, b))) {
listener.exists(b);
prevData = b;
}
}
}

Copyright 2008-2013 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.

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