On The Construction of Cantor Like Sets
Uploaded by
theijesOn The Construction of Cantor Like Sets
Uploaded by
theijesThe International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 4 || Issue || 4 || Pages || PP.49-54|| 2015 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 1805
On the Construction of Cantor like Sets
Dr. S. M. Padhye1 , Satish B. Khobragade2
Associate Professor, HOD, Department Of Mathematics, Shri R.L.T. College Of Science, Akola, Maharashtra,
India1
Research Student, Department Of Mathematics, Shri R.L.T. College Of Science, Akola, Maharashtra, India 2
----------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------------In this paper we construct a Cantor like set S from any sequence { } with 0< <1 with the help of
sequence { } of subsets of [0,1] such that
,m( ) =
and S =
with m(S) =
.Further = if and only if m(S) = 0. Cantor ternary set comes out to be a particular case of
construction of Cantor like sets by choosing = for all n. Similarly we can construct Cantor - set by
choosing
= for all n. In the construction of Cantor - set the length of remaining closed intervals at each
, k = 1,2,3, Also we can construct Cantor - set by choosing
stage are equal to
Here in the construction of Cantor -
= for all n.
set the length of remaining closed intervals at each stage are equal to
, k = 1,2,3,
KEY WORDS: - Cantor set, Cantor like sets.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------Date of Submission: 04-April-2015
Date of Accepted: 25-April-2015
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------Lemma 1:- Given any sequence {
Proof :- First step: Let
} with 0<
<1,
= if and only if
)= 0
=
)= 0 i.e.
Then we have to show that
Here we use 1-
1-
1-
1-
1-
)= 0
0 <1
i =1,2,3,..
Multiplying all these inequalities we get,
(1-
) (1-
).(1-
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(1)
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On the Construction of Cantor like Sets
)= 0, let > 0 be given. Put M =
To show that
Since
= then there is N such that for n N >
>M
>
>
>
(2)
<
From equation (1) and (2) we get ,
) <
for all n N.
)= 0
Thus
)= 0
< i.e.
Conversely:-Let
< is convergent.
)0.
We show that
Let Pn =
Since
0,
)
1
we choose N so large that
j and < .
+
+ <
--------------------- (3)
Then using induction we prove that for all n N, (1 - )(1)(1- ) [1- ( +
+ )]
For n = N, the inequality is obvious. For n > N
If (1 - )(1)(1- ) [1- ( +
+ + )] then
(1 - )(1)(1- ) (1 ) [1- ( +
+ + )] (1 )
= [1- ( +
+ +
)] +
( +
+ )
[1- ( +
+ +
)]
Thus (1 - )(1)(1- ) (1 ) [1- ( +
+ +
)]
By induction the inequality holds for n N
i.e. (1 - )(1)(1- ) [1- ( +
+ + )] for all n N .(4)
Now by using equation (3) we get,
(1 -
)(1-
)(1-
) [1- ] =
(1 -
)(1-
)(1-
) >
Now for n N,
,n N
. (5)
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>
,n N
( From equation (5))
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On the Construction of Cantor like Sets
>
,n N
. (6)
0
. (7)
Consider
-
[ 1- (1-
0
0
)]
} is monotonic decreasing and bounded below by
{
}=
Pn
PN-1
Pn = PN-1 ,
where 1/2
) = { PN-1} ,
>
where 1/2
) is a positive number
)0
**************************************
Lemma 2 :< 1, n 1,
If 0 <
++
++
and
= (1-
) (1-
).(1-
) then
(1-
Proof :- Given
< 1, n 1,
0<
= (1-
) (1-
1( +
).(1++
and
)
( From equation (4) of Lemma 1)
11
..(1)
Now,
(1-
) (1 +
)=1
(1-
) (1 +
) <1
(1-
<1
)<
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On the Construction of Cantor like Sets
Similarly, (1-
(1-
)<
)<
Multiplying all these equations we get,
(1-
) (1-
(2)
).(1-
Now
) = 1+( + ++ )+(
) 1+
>
+)+(
+ ( +
+ ++
Putting in equation (2) we get,
(1-
) (1-
).(1-
(3)
From equation (1) and (3) we get,
(1-
***************************
Corollary 3 :If in addition lim
and lim
then (1 - )
Proof :-By lemma 2 we get,
(1Given lim
and lim
(1 - )
***************************
Preposition 4 :,m(
Given any sequence {
} with 0<
<1,there is a sequence {
)=
and S = is Cantor like set with
m(S) =
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} of subsets of [0,1] such that
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On the Construction of Cantor like Sets
Proof :Let I = [0,1]
First stage :
We remove middle open intervals
=(
i.e. intervals
of length
from [0,1]
).
= [0,
The remaining two closed intervals are denoted by
with measure
) i.e.m( ) =
] and
=[
,1 ].We get the set
Second stage :
Now we remove two middle open intervals
closed intervals
and
=(
= [0,
=[
from the remaining two
) and
).The remaining four closed intervals are denoted by
],
=[
,
],
],
=[
Length of removed intervals = m(
We get the set
of length
=(
i.e. we remove
,1 ].
) + m(
)=
<
as union of remaining four closed intervals i.e.
i.e.m( ) =
with measure
Third stage :
Now we remove four middle open intervals
of length
,
,
,
remaining four closed intervals
and
i.e. we remove
,
,
,=
),
=(
),
=(
=(
),
The remaining four closed intervals are denoted by
=[
=[
=[
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],
,
=[
= [ 0,
=[
],
=[
],
],
,
,
from the
],
],
],
=[
,1]
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On the Construction of Cantor like Sets
Now,
Length of removed interval = m(
)+m(
)+m(
)
.
<
=
We get the set
)+m(
with measure
i.e. m( ) =
Continuing in this way we can construct
.
m(
)=
S4
Then
If S =
.
, n 4 of measure
then m(S) =
=
*************************************
Conclusion :- Using this Cantor like set we can construct different Cantor like sets by varying or fixing
REFERENCES:[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
G.de. Barra, Measure Theory And Integration, New Age International (p) Limited, 2003.
Kenneth Falconer, Fractal Geometry: Mathematical Foundations and Applications, John Willey and Sons.1990.
Kannan V. Cantor set: From Classical To Modern. The Mathematical Student, Vol 63,No.1-4(1994)P.243-257.
E. C. Titchmarsh ,The Theory Of Functions, Oxford University Press, Oxford Second Edition -1987.
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