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Chapter 4

- The document provides examples for how to use a calculator to perform basic math operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It also gives examples for operations with numbers in scientific notation, logarithms, and antilogarithms. - Key calculator functions are defined, including keys for exponents, square roots, reciprocals, and changing the sign of a number. Proper order of operations and significant figures must be followed. - Ten examples show how to enter and calculate different math problems step-by-step using a calculator, and how to determine the correct number of significant figures in the answer.

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Skye Jaba
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59 views6 pages

Chapter 4

- The document provides examples for how to use a calculator to perform basic math operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It also gives examples for operations with numbers in scientific notation, logarithms, and antilogarithms. - Key calculator functions are defined, including keys for exponents, square roots, reciprocals, and changing the sign of a number. Proper order of operations and significant figures must be followed. - Ten examples show how to enter and calculate different math problems step-by-step using a calculator, and how to determine the correct number of significant figures in the answer.

Uploaded by

Skye Jaba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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23

Using Your Calculator Objectives


At the end of chapter 4 you should be able to:

Use your calculator to perform basic mathematic operations


Use you calculator for calculations involving numbers in scientific notation
Using Your Calculator
Before beginning a new calculation, you should press the [CLEAR] key (sometimes seen as [C] or

[CE]). This will erase any previous numerical value or operation. Several common keys and their
functions are listed in the table below.
Table 4.1
Key

Function

[+]
[-]
[]
[]
[x2]

Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Square
Square Root
Raise Number to any Power
Reciprocal Number
Scientific Notation
Change Sign
Answer

[yx]
[1/x]
[EE]
[+/-]
[=]

In chapter 2, we discussed the correct order of operations, and in chapter 3 we discussed


significant figures and rounding. These rules will be followed while doing the examples below.
Example 4.1
Calculate 6.45 + 3.21 7.8
ANSWER:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Enter the number 6.45


Press [+] for addition
Enter the number 3.21
Press [-] for subtraction
Enter the number 7.8
Press [=] for the answer

The calculator will display 1.86. Your calculator will NOT indicate the correct number of significant
figures. You must realize that based on the rules in chapter 3, the answer can only be reported as 1.9
Example 4.2
Calculate 5.652 3.21 2.34
ANSWER:

24

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Enter the number 5.652


Press [] for multiplication
Enter the number 3.21
Press [] for division
Enter the number 2.34
Press [=] for the answer
The calculator will display 7.7533846. Clearly this is NOT the correct number of significant

figures. The correct answer is 7.75


Example 4.3
Calculate 4.782 + 3.459 2.41
ANSWER:
Remember to follow the orders of operation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Enter the number 3.459


Press [] for multiplication
Enter the number 2.41
Press [+] for addition
Enter the number 4.782
Press [=] for the answer
The calculator will display 13.11819. There is a small problem expressing the answer with the correct

number of significant figures. There is both an addition and a multiplication operation. Each of these
operations has a different method for determining significant figures. We need to keep track (in our heads)
of significant figures after each mathematical operation.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Enter the number 3.459


Press [] for multiplication
Enter the number 2.41
Press [=] for the answer
The calculator displays 8.33619. I know that at this step my answer should only have three total

significant figures (the first digit plus two after the decimal point). As a general rule, scientists dont round
after every math operation (it leads to something called rounding errors). Scientists only like to round
once, at the end of the problem. I will use the entire value of 8.33619 for the next step, and then round
once, at the very end of the problem.
I take my intermediate answer and proceed with the rest of the problem
5.
6.
7.

Press [+] for addition


Enter the number 4.782
Press [=] for the answer

25
The calculator will display 13.11819. Since the last step was an addition, I am limited by the number
of digits after the decimal place. My intermediate answer has only two digits after the decimal point, the
number I add to it has three digits after the decimal point. Therefore my final answer should have two
digits after the decimal point. The final answer should be reported as 13.12

Example 4.4
Calculate 42
ANSWER:
1.
2.

Enter the number 4


Press [x2] for squaring

The calculator will display 16


Example 4.5
Calculate 45
ANSWER:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Enter the number 4


Press [yx] for raising to any power
Enter the number 5
Press [=] for the answer

The calculator will display 1024.


Example 4.6
What is the reciprocal of 2?
ANSWER:
1.
2.

Enter the number 2


Press [1/x] for reciprocals

The calculator will display 0.5


Example 4.7
Enter 6.022 x 1023 into your calculator.
ANSWER:
1.
2.
3.

Enter the number 6.022


Press [EE] or [EXP] for scientific notation
Enter the number 23

The calculator display may look like one of the following

26
6.022 x 1023
6.022
6.022

23
23

Example 4.8
Enter 6.022 x 10-23 into your calculator.
ANSWER:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Enter the number 6.022


Press [EE] or [EXP] for scientific notation
Enter the number 23
Press [+/-] for sign change

The calculator display may look like one of the following


6.022 x 10-23
6.022

-23

6.022 -23
Example 4.9
Calculate (3.45 x 1014) (2.2 x 1010)
ANSWER:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Enter the number 3.45


Press [EE] or [EXP] for scientific notation
Enter the number 14
Press [] for multiplication
Enter the number 2.2
Press [EE] or [EXP] for scientific noation
Enter the number 10
Press [=] for the answer

The calculator will display 7.59 x 1024. Using significant figures, the answer reported should be 7.6 x 1024.
Example 4.10
Calculate (1.29 x 10-5) + (2.3 x 10-6)?
ANSWER:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Enter the number 1.29


Press [EE] or [EXP] for scientific notation
Enter the number 5
Press [+/-] for sign change
Press [+] for multiplication
Enter the number 2.3
Press [EE] or [EXP] for scientific noation
Enter the number 10
Press [+/-] for sign change
Press [=] for the answer

27
The calculator will display 1.52 x 10-5. Using significant figures, the answer reported should be
1.5 x 10 .
-5

Logarithms (log):
Logarithms explain what exponent 10 must be raised to in order to obtain a certain value. For
example, The number 34.5 can be expressed as the number 10 raised to some power (exponent). It turns
out that 101.5378191 is the same as 34.5, or:
34.5 = 101.5378191
therefore, log 34.5 = 1.5378191
Some logarithms which are easier to decipher are listed below.
If 10y = x

then

log x = y

log 100
log 10000

=
=

2 ( because 102 = 100)


4 (because 104 = 10000)

Example 4.11
What is the log of 4.56
ANSWER:
1.
2.

Enter the number 4.56


Press [log] for logarithm

The calculator will display 0.6589648. The answer to the correct number of significant figures is 0.659
Antilogarithms:
Antilogarithms are basically logarithms in reverse.
The antilog 1.5378191 = 34.5
The antilog 0.659 = 4.56
Some antilogarithms which are easier to decipher are listed below.
If 10y = x

then

antilog y = x

antilog 2
antilog 4

=
=

100 ( because 102 = 100)


10000 (because 104 = 10000)

Example 4.12
Calculate the antilog of 6.57
ANSWER
1.
2.

Enter the number 6.57


Press [INV] for inverse functions

28
3.

Press [log] for antilog


The calculator will display 3715352.3. The answer to the correct number of significant figures is

37720000.

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