Bode Phase Gain
Bode Phase Gain
Bode Phase Gain
d(ln |G(j)|) + 0 d
ln
,
d(ln )
0
{z
}
|
(1)
N ()
d(ln |G(j)|)
is the local slope. If we know the local
where N (0 ) =
d(ln ) =o
slope at gain crossover frequency is constant
40dB
per decade),
Z + (e.g.
+ 0 d
2
ln
and further make use of the fact1 that
=
, then
0
2
N (0 ) [in radians].
2
even function; B is the imaginary part and an odd function due to the fact
that one can write () = |()| ei() . By Euler formula,
() = |()| ei()
= |()| cos (()) + i |()| sin (()) .
{z
}
|
{z
}
|
A, even function
B, odd function
d = 0,
(2)
c
+ c
d
2
2
c + c
1
c
Z
1
1
+
iBc
d = 0,
c + c
2
(3)
where the first integral is taken along the imaginary axis and the latter
two along two indentations 1 (centered at = c ) and 2 (centered
at = c ). Since B is an odd function, B term in the first integral in
Equation (3) can be ignored. Also we can restrict the integral limits to
the positive side [0, +] and double this integral to get integration over
[, +] since A is an even function.
2
(4)
()