A. Vaccine: Distribution of Vaccines Based On A Few Things
A. Vaccine: Distribution of Vaccines Based On A Few Things
A. Vaccine: Distribution of Vaccines Based On A Few Things
Vaccine
This antigen is taken from (some or all) of bacteria or viruses that cause
disease, the disease antigen seeds, which had previously been processed in
such a way, so it will not cause the disease again, when injected back into our
bodies, but will stimulate the body's immunological system to give antibody
reactions and make the necessary substances to fight and deadly germs same
when invasion enter our bodies that we avoid the disease and we become
resistant / immune to the disease.
Because the antigen is taken it can be derived from bacteria or viruses that
cause disease also, then we will get the type of vaccine:
- Bacteria vaccine antigens derived from bacteria and
- Virus vaccine derived from viral antigens
2. Antigen Processing Method for Producing Bacteria and Virus Vaccine
As early as the antigen had already mentioned that the disease is not
dangerous and does not cause the disease anymore, because all the antigens
before they were used in the manufacture of vaccines, have been processed in
such a way, so that the the nature of ferocity weakened or disappeared, and safe
to be used as a vaccine.
How the process of antigen germs in order to be safe for use in vaccines:
It could be the way the deadly germs by means of heating or heating,
by irradiation or radiation, with chemicals or chemical substant example
phenols, alcohols and others, this process is called inactivation or
inactivation, meaning the vaccine antigens of bacteria or viruses
mngandung who has been in the TURN OFF, so it can not transmit the
disease the same again when used as a vaccine. This is known as
VACCINE OFF (Killed or Inactivated Vaccine Vaccine)
Or you can also breed bacteria or virus into the particular medium
similar to the medium of germs such habitats, and breeding was
continued until it reaches the stage where the true nature of germs that
is the nature of the missing malignancy, but are genetically still be
recognized by the body's immunological system we as seeds cause
certain diseases and will stimulate the body makes antibodies to
substances such penyait seeds. This is known as live attenuated
vaccines (attenuated Lived Vaccine)
Advantage adn Disadvantage Vaccines Dead:
The advantages:
The advantage is a dead vaccine can be used for everyone, including
pregnant women, those with abnormal immunological system / body's
defense system, for example, people with HIV-AIDS disease, the
Because the germs are still alive although it has weakened, there is still the
possibility of a genetic mutation, which become malignant germs back, so as
to cause illness for the vaccine recipient.
It also said that the possibility of side effects were more common with live
attenuated vaccine than with a dead vaccine
Because it contains germs that are still alive, then in this vaccine storage
required to store low temperature, usually a temperature of minus 20
degrees Celsius.
3. Vaccine For Infants Children And Adults
Since the first, people always assume that the vaccine and vaccination is the
only monopoly for infants and children only, only recently, began to be discussed
and conducted clinical trials that prove that adults also elderly people require
immunization and vaccination to protect themselves against infectious diseases
very dangerous for adults and the elderly, especially for those also suffering from
some kind of degenerative diseases such as heart and blood vessel disease,
lung disease, diabetes, liver and kidney disease, stroke patients and others,
where it will be penyakit2 more serious and deteriorate if exposed to infectious
diseases are also preventable by vaccination prior to menagkal such infectious
diseases.
Vaccines Adult and Elderly are as follows:
1. Vaccine Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B vaccine (killed-virus vaccine,
monovalent)
2. Typhoid fever vaccine (vaccine bacteria die, monovalent)
3. Varicella vaccine (live attenuated virus vaccine, monovalent)
4. Influenza vaccine (killed-virus vaccine, monovalent)
5. Pneumonia vaccine (vaccine bacteria die, monovalent)
Vaccine Infants Children:
1. Vaccines dpat and DTwP (dead bacterial vaccine, trivalent combination)
2. DPaT Hib Polio (bacteria and viruses die vaccine, pentavalent combination)
3. DPaT HepB vaccine polio (vaccine bacteria and viruses die, the
combination pentavalent)
4. DPaT HepB vaccine Hib Polio (bacterial and viral vaccines dead,
hexavalent combination)
5. DPaT Hib vaccine (vaccine bacteria die, the combination tetravalent)
6. Inactivated Polio Vaccine (killed-virus vaccine, monovalent)
7. Oral Polio Vaccine (live attenuated virus vaccine, monovalent)
8. The MMR vaccine (live attenuated virus vaccine, trivalent combination)
9. Influenza vaccine (killed-virus vaccine, monovalent)
10. Vaccine pneumonia (bacterial vaccines dead, monovalent)
11. Rabies vaccine (live attenuated virus vaccine, monoovalent)
12. Varicella vaccine (live attenuated virus vaccine, monovalent)
13. Vaccine Human papilloma virus / HPV (killed-virus vaccine, tetravalent)
14. Rotavirus vaccine (live attenuated virus vaccine, monovalent)
C.
The purposes :
To prevent the occurrence of certain diseases in man and eliminate
certain disease in a group of people (population) or even
mneghilangkan certain diseases of the world
The event will not be too severe disease and can prevent symptoms
that can lead to disability or death
Protect against certain diseases (intermediate goal)
Immune response :
Primary immune response is an immune response that occurs on the
first exposure to the antigen
Secondary immune response is an immune response that is expected
to give an adequate response when exposed to the same antigen.
Exerts vaccination is repeated several times in order to obtain
sufficiently high antibody titer and achieve protective value.
Procedures for immunization :
Inform in detail about the risks of vaccination and the risk if not
vaccinated
Check back preparation for service in the event of an unexpected
follow-up reaction
Read about thorough information about the product (vaccine) will be
given, do not forget about the agreement that has been given
Conduct debriefing with parents or guardians prior to immunization
Revisit if no contra indications to the vaccine will be given
Check the identity of the vaccine recipient and give antipyretics when
needed
Check the type of vaccine and believe that the vaccine has been stored
properly
Check the vaccine will be given if there were signs of change, check
the expiration date and note the special things, such as discoloration
indicates the damage
Confident that the vaccine will be given as scheduled and also offered
other vaccines for immunization left behind when needed
Give vaccines with correct technique is about selecting syringes,
needles angle direction, location and position injections of vaccine
recipients
Vaccination is a biological preparation to boost immunity (human / animal)
against a disease. Usually done by inducing (inject) bacteria, virus or diseasecausing microorganisms that have been weakened or dead. Agent or microorganism
(virus or bacteria) that is inserted into the body through vaccination stimulates the
immune system to recognize foreign substances that enter, destroy and "remember".
Vaccines are divided into two, namely:
Inactivated vaccine, derived from viruses or bacteria that is turned off. This
type of vaccine produces antibodies in the body because there antigens
therein. Not harm the fetus if performed on pregnant women.
Live vaccines, derived from an attenuated virus or bacteria. This virus can
potentially cause illness itself, such as rubella or tetanus.
Pharmaceutical
Microbiology 1
Vaccine and Immunization
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