Projects Gender Mainstreaming in The Energy Sector: Lessons Learned in Uzbekistan

Projects Gender Mainstreaming in the
Energy Sector
Lessons learned in Uzbekistan
Malika Shagazatova
Consultant
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development
Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this
paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part
as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.
GENDER & DEVELOPMENT - GETTING THE BALANCE RIGHT!
Projects Gender mainstreaming

Hypothesis, Ideas
Data and information collection
Analysis and identification of problems
Inclusion of Gender and social elements
GAP
DMF, Loan covenants
Monitoring of the GAP Implementation

Hypothesis and Ideas: Key factors for

gender analysis (Uzbekistan)
Lack of sector sex-disaggregated data and information;
Energy: 100% connection to electricity line, affordable
prices for electricity

Country specific issues (cultural, traditional roles, heads
of the households etc)
Equality in access to health and education;
Clear gender patterns in Labour market;
Low representation of women on decision making level
Role of Makhalla.
Gender Mainstreaming
Data and Information Collection
Quantitative information (statistical data, HHS)
Qualitative Information (FGD, In-depth and structured
interviews)
Local Check-up (Piloting questionnaires)
Cross-Cutting (Gender, Rural/Urban; Poor/Non-Poor)
Information should provide Baseline
Project Number:
TA8142 UZB/L3141 UZB
Title: Takhiatash Power Plant Efficiency Improvement
Project
1 Component: Installation of two CCGT units with
each installed capacity of 280 MW, to be

operational by 2018.
2 component: Capacity development of
Uzbekenergo offices
3 component: proposed on the basis of the
Poverty, Social and gender analysis. Construction
and start of effective operation of community
social service centre adjacent to Takhiatash TPP
Key issues identified in PSA and Gender

Analysis (HHS, statistical data review)
Takhiatash city, with the total number of 9745 families
residing in 8841 households

The average size of the household is 5.5 people, the
average size of the family is 4.9 persons
Power Plant is the major employer in the city
High level of unemployment in the city, especially among
youth
Low womens representation at the decision making level
in Takhiatash TPP (less than 5%)
Key Information from HHS

Connection to Energy Supply (100%)
Connection to potable water supply (about 90%)
Connection to centralized sewerage system and heating
system (about 15%)
Key Information from HHS

Electrical HH appliances (% of sample)
Item
Total
Poor
Nonpoor
TV
100
100
100
Washing Machine
Electrical stove
10
Refrigerator
88
76
95
Air Conditioner
Water Heating Equipment
Electrical Heater
Iron
54
55
54
Other findings of the social and gender

analysis
No significant difference in use of energy and bills;
All households works are done by women of the
HH;
All laundry washed by hands (100% of the HH);
Decision on the purchase of the electrical
appliances, in more than half HH made by men
(54%), 39% in consultation, 1% solely by women of
the HH
Major Problems in HHs Energy supply

Frequent interruptions of power supply
Prolonged interruptions of power supply
Low voltage
Power jumps
FGD findings
Aral sea, bad quality of water, low quality of the medical
services in the city;

High unemployment rate, especially among young people;
Frequent and prolonged interruptions of energy supply
and low quality of the services provided by Uzbekenergo
offices;
The problems related to the access of the households and
businesses to the water supply system, sewerage system,
electricity supply disruptions etc.
Social Component and GAP (EGM)

Construction of the community social service center
adjacent to Takhiatash TPP

The outcome of the project is improved access of the
residents to the services which do not exist or extremely
limited/low quality in the city.
The anticipated outputs of the project
1. Community social service center providing services to
the population, which are accessible, affordable and
gender sensitive;
2. New jobs for men and women in the city;
3. Reduction of womens time poverty.
Project Number: TA8376 UZB

Advanced Electricity Metering Project
(Phase 2)
Installation of about 2.6 million advanced electricity meters
and associated equipment for residential and commercial
entities in five project regions- Andijan, Ferghana,
Namangan, Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya.
Development of meter data management (MDM) system

that includes billing and energy data management, and
capacity development for operational improvement in
reducing commercial losses.
Key issues identified (Energy Supply Offices)

Low level of women employment in Energy
offices
Women mostly stay in less important, lower paid
positions; representation of the women in
management positions is lower than 1%
Limited training opportunities (Training center in
Tashkent)
Lack of the sex-disaggregated data and
information and low level of GAD capacity at
EA/UEs regional levels
Key Issues Identified (HHS)

Connection to the energy supply system almost
100%
Limited availability and use of electrical appliances
Current situation with the water supply, gas and
electricity supply makes it almost impossible to use
most of the home appliances.
Major problems: frequent and long lasting energy
supply disruptions, low voltage and low quality of
customer services.
Lack of knowledge and understanding of energy
saving.
Key Issues Identified (In-depth Interv)

Low GAD capacities of the EA/IA
Advertisements and social ads supporting gender
stereotypes
In-service Training Opportunities limited for men and
women
Lack of employment opportunities for women in all five
regions;
Low Quality of the services provided by Energy
Distribution offices;
Lack of Information on Effective Energy Use
Project GAP: main features (EGM)

New jobs creation within new 88 service centers, with
30% of the jobs allocated for the women employees.

Capacity building on gender mainstreaming within offices
and communities (makhallas);
Strengthening of sex-disaggregated data collection and
analysis at Uzbekenergo;
Information sharing sessions and consultations to ensure
the feedback on gender sensitivity of the customer
service;
Public communication campaign development based on
general approaches of gender inclusivity and gender
sensitivity
Lessons learned
Country and region specifics have to be taken into
consideration;
Open eyes approach; Cross-cutting issues;
Not all projects can address gender issues, not all gender
issues can be addressed within the project ;
The ideas of GAP need to be discussed with EA/IA to
ensure ownership;
Proper Budgeting;
Indicators for monitoring and baseline data (realistic,
achievable, measurable)
Gender-inclusive project monitoring mechanisms (DMF,
mutually acceptable gender targets, loan covenants)
Thank you!

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GENDER & DEVELOPMENT - GETTING THE BALANCE RIGHT!