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    BB101 Engineering ScienceChapter 3 Force

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    Ah Tiang
    Forces are pushes or pulls that can cause an object to accelerate or change its shape. Forces are measured in Newtons and can be broken down into components. Newton's Second Law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. The moment of a force is the tendency of that force to cause rotation, and is calculated by multiplying the force by its distance from the pivot point. For an object to be in equilibrium, the sum of the forces and sum of the clockwise moments must equal the sums of the opposing forces and moments.

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    BB101 Engineering ScienceChapter 3 Force

    Uploaded by

    Ah Tiang
    2K views8 pages
    Forces are pushes or pulls that can cause an object to accelerate or change its shape. Forces are measured in Newtons and can be broken down into components. Newton's Second Law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. The moment of a force is the tendency of that force to cause rotation, and is calculated by multiplying the force by its distance from the pivot point. For an object to be in equilibrium, the sum of the forces and sum of the clockwise moments must equal the sums of the opposing forces and moments.

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    Forces are pushes or pulls that can cause an object to accelerate or change its shape. Forces are measured in Newtons and can be broken down into components. Newton's Second Law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. The moment of a force is the tendency of that force to cause rotation, and is calculated by multiplying the force by its distance from the pivot point. For an object to be in equilibrium, the sum of the forces and sum of the clockwise moments must equal the sums of the opposing forces and moments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views8 pages

    BB101 Engineering ScienceChapter 3 Force

    Uploaded by

    Ah Tiang
    Forces are pushes or pulls that can cause an object to accelerate or change its shape. Forces are measured in Newtons and can be broken down into components. Newton's Second Law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. The moment of a force is the tendency of that force to cause rotation, and is calculated by multiplying the force by its distance from the pivot point. For an object to be in equilibrium, the sum of the forces and sum of the clockwise moments must equal the sums of the opposing forces and moments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    FORCE

    BB101- ENGINEERING SCIENCE

    3.0 : FORCE
    3.1 The Concept Of Force
    Force and its units
    Force can be defined as a push or a pull. Force is measured by N (Newton). A force is a
    vector quantity . A newton meter is used to measure force.

    Example of force effects:


    (i)
    A change of movement ( external effect ) move, stop or accelerate

    (ii)

    A change of shape (internal effect )

    Weight and mass


    Mass and weight are different in physics.
    For example, your mass doesn't change when you go to the Moon, but your weight
    does.
    Mass
    Mass shows the quantity

    Weight
    weight shows the size of
    gravity, W = mg

    m is mass in kg

    W is weight in Newton (N)

    UNIT SAINS JMSK PUO/DEC 2012

    Page 24

    FORCE

    BB101- ENGINEERING SCIENCE

    Newtons Second Law, F = ma


    Newtons Second Law states that when the net force acting on an object is not zero, the
    object will accelerate at the direction of the exerted force. The acceleration is directly
    proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass. It can be expressed
    in formula F = ma where:
    F is the net force in N,
    m is the mass of an object in kg and
    a is its acceleration in m/s2.
    Example:

    Force in equilibrium
    a) The resultant force, R acting on the object is zero.
    b) Fx = 0 , Forces acting upward (F = forces acting downward(F
    c) Fy = 0 , Forces acting on the right (F = forces acting on the left(F

    UNIT SAINS JMSK PUO/DEC 2012

    Page 25

    FORCE

    BB101- ENGINEERING SCIENCE

    Simple Breakdown of Forces


    You can break down forces into several components easily. For example, the force F 1
    can be broken into two forces: Fx and Fy.

    The following formulas are true:

    Fx=cosA*F1
    Fy = sin A * F1

    Magnitude of F1 =
    Direction angle of F1 is
    Example 1:
    The figure below shows three forces acting on a block. Calculate the resultant force.
    4N
    5N
    1N

    Fx (4 cos 0 0 ) (5 cos 0 0 ) (1cos 0 0 )


    Fx (4 5 1) N
    Fx 8N

    Fy (4 sin 0 0 ) (5 sin 0 0 ) (1sin 0 0 )


    Fy 0 N

    Resultant force = ((8) 2 (0) 2 = 8 N to the right


    Example 2:
    From Figure below, calculate FA and FB if the system in equilibrium
    FA
    320

    FB

    2.5 kN
    FA cos 320+ (- FB cos 00)+(2.5k cos 900)= 0 0.85 FA - FB + 0 = 0 0.85 FA = FB

    FA sin 320+FB sin 00- 2.5k sin 900 0.53 FA+0- 2500=0 FA= (2500/0.53) FA = 4717 N
    UNIT SAINS JMSK PUO/DEC 2012

    Page 26

    FORCE

    BB101- ENGINEERING SCIENCE

    0.85 FA = FB FB = 0.85(4717) =4009 N

    3.2 The Concept Of Moment Of Forces


    The moment of the force is the tendency of force to toist or rotate an object.
    Moments may cause objects to rotate clockwise or counter-clockwise.

    MOMENT = FORCE X DISTANCE Or M = F x d . Unit : Nm


    Moments principal state that for equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments equals
    the sum of the counter-clockwise moments, and the sum of the forces up equals the
    sum of the forces down.
    Moments

    = Moments

    AND

    Force

    = Force

    Centre of Gravitational for Equilibrium


    Example:
    Find the centre of gravitational ( x ).

    UNIT SAINS JMSK PUO/DEC 2012

    Page 27

    FORCE

    BB101- ENGINEERING SCIENCE

    Resultant Moment

    Resultant moment force = Total moment force acting

    Example:
    Calculate centere of gravity from point A.
    A

    Tutorial 3.1 : the equilibrium of forces


    1. The force A has magnitude of has a magnitude of 7.25 N. Find the component s for direction
    angles of
    a) = 5.00
    b) = 125
    c) = 245
    d) = 340.0
    2. Find the resultant force for the following:
    12N
    5N
    5N
    (a)
    (b)
    12N

    UNIT SAINS JMSK PUO/DEC 2012

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    FORCE

    BB101- ENGINEERING SCIENCE

    3. Find the component of forces for the following:


    c)

    4. Find the total forces that act on the R point

    12N

    5.

    Find the resultant of forces for the following:

    6.

    Figure 3

    UNIT SAINS JMSK PUO/DEC 2012

    Two horizontal forces of 300N each act on a 20kg


    object as shown in Figure 3. If the angle between the
    two forces is 60o, the object will move with an
    acceleration of?

    Page 29

    FORCE

    BB101- ENGINEERING SCIENCE

    Tutorial 3.2 : moment of forces


    1. Find the centre of gravitational (x) for the following:
    a.

    b.

    Answer: Tutorial 3.1- Equlibrium of Forces

    1. a) Ax = 7.22 N, Ay = 0.632 N
    c) Ax = -3.06 N, Ay = -6.57 N
    2. a) 17 N

    b) Ax = -4.16 N, Ay = 5.94 N
    d) Ax = 6.81 N, Ay = -2.48 N

    b) 7 N to the left (-7N)

    3. a) Fx = 5N, Fy = 8.66 N
    4. Resultant Force = 8.095 N

    b) Fx = 3N, Fy = 5.196 N
    5.Resultant Force = 10.63 N

    6. Acceleration = 25.98 ms-1


    Answer: Tutorial 3.2- Moment of Forces
    1. a) x = 4.0 m

    , b) x = 3.93 m c) x = 7.2 cm

    UNIT SAINS JMSK PUO/DEC 2012

    Page 30

    FORCE

    BB101- ENGINEERING SCIENCE

    Minimum requirement assessment task for this topic:

    1 Theory Test & 1 End Of Chapter


    Specification of Theory Test : CLO1 - C1 & CLO3 (C2, A1)
    Specification of End Of Chapter: CLO3 - (C2,A1)
    *****************************************************************************************
    COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME (CLO)
    Upon completion of this topic, students should be able to:
    1.
    2.

    Identify the basic concept of force, (C1)


    Apply the concept of force in real basic engineering problems. (C2,A1)

    Compliance to PLO : PLO1 , LD1 (Knowledge) Test 1


    PLO4, LD4 (Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills) Test 1, End Of Chapter 1

    UNIT SAINS JMSK PUO/DEC 2012

    Page 31

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