Potential Well
Potential Well
Potential Well
2 Quantum connement
A potential well is the region surrounding a local minimum of potential energy. Energy captured in a potential
well is unable to convert to another type of energy (kinetic
energy in the case of a gravitational potential well) because it is captured in the local minimum of a potential
well. Therefore, a body may not proceed to the global
minimum of potential energy, as it would naturally tend
to due to entropy.
Quantum connement can be observed once the diameter of a material is of the same magnitude as the
de Broglie wavelength of the electron wave function.[1]
When materials are this small, their electronic and optical properties deviate substantially from those of bulk
materials.[2]
Overview
2.1
REFERENCES
p = n
= 2H
(
)
1
1
=
+
R1
R2
Under the assumption of spherical shape R1=R2=R and
resolving Young Laplace equation for the new radii
R(nm) we estimate the new P(GPa). The smaller the
R, the greater the pressure it is. The increase in pressure
at the nanoscale results in strong forces toward the interior of the particle. Consequently, the molecular structure of the particle appears to be dierent from the bulk
mode, especially at the surface. These abnormalities at
the surface are responsible for changes of inter-atomic
interactions and bandgap.[6][7]
3 See also
Quantum well
Finite potential well
Quantum dot
The following equation shows the relationship between
energy level and dimension spacing:
(
) (
) (
)
ny y
nz z 4
x x
References
nx ,ny ,nz = Lx L8y Lz sin nL
sin
sin
Ly
Lz
x
[( )
( )2 ( )2 ]
2
n
nx
nz
2 2
[1] M. Cahay (2001). Quantum Connement VI: NanostrucEnx ,ny ,nz = 2m
+ Lyy + L
Lx
z
[5]
2.2
tured Materials and Devices : Proceedings of the International Symposium. The Electrochemical Society. ISBN
978-1-56677-352-2. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
[2] Hartmut Haug; Stephan W. Koch (1994). Quantum Theory of the Optical and Electronic Properties of Semiconductors. World Scientic. ISBN 978-981-02-2002-0. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
[3] Norris, DJ; Bawendi, MG (1996).
Measurement
and assignment of the size-dependent optical spectrum in CdSe quantum dots. Physical Review B 53
(24): 1633816346. Bibcode:1996PhRvB..5316338N.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.53.16338. PMID 9983472.
[4] Brus, L. E. (1983). A simple model for the ionization potential, electron anity, and aqueous redox potentials of small semiconductor crystallites.
The Journal of Chemical Physics 79 (11): 5566.
Bibcode:1983JChPh..79.5566B. doi:10.1063/1.445676.
[7] Lee, Chieh-Ju; Mizel, Ari; Banin, Uri; Cohen, Marvin L.; Alivisatos, A. Paul (2000).
Observation
of pressure-induced direct-to-indirect band gap transition in InP nanocrystals. The Journal of Chemical
Physics 113 (5): 2016. Bibcode:2000JChPh.113.2016L.
doi:10.1063/1.482008.
External links
Buhro WE, Colvin VL (2003). Semiconductor nanocrystals: Shape matters. Nat Mater
2 (3): 1389. Bibcode:2003NatMa...2..138B.
doi:10.1038/nmat844. PMID 12612665.
Semiconductor Fundamental
Band Theory of Solid
Quantum dots synthesis
Biological application
6.1
Text
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6.2
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6.3
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