Chapter 7: Algebra for College Mathematics Courses

Lesson 7.1.1

7-2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
7-3.
a.

b.
c.

f(x)

7-1.
a.
See graph at right.
Increasing: x > 2 ; Decreasing: x < 2
b.
As the x-values get larger, the y-values get larger. Or, the slope
of the tangent line is positive.

First x-value is less than the 2nd and both are in the interval [a, b].
First y-value is less than the 2nd.
See graph at right.
Yes, f (x1 ) < f (x2 ) .

f(x1)

a x1

x1 = 2!!!!!x2 = 3

f(x2)

x2

x1 = 1.7!!!!!x2 = 1.8

22 < 2 3
21.7 < 21.8
4<8
3.25 < 3.48
g(x) is an increasing function on the interval [a, b] if, for every two points x and x + h
with a ! x < x + h ! b, h > 0 , g(x) < g(x + h) .
2 x+h = 2 h ! 2 x . Since h > 0, 2 h > 1 ; therefore 2 h ! 2 x > 2 x .

7-4.
a.
Something like, as x gets larger, y gets smaller.
b.
If x2 > x1 , then f (x2 ) < f (x1 ) .
c.
f (x) is a decreasing function on the interval [a, b] if, for every two points x1 and x2 with
a ! x1 < x2 ! b , then f (x2 ) < f (x1 ) .
d.
Given h > 0 , 5 ! (x + h)2 = 5 ! h(2x + h) .
If !" < x < x + h < 0 , then 2x + h < 0 ; therefore !h(2x + h) > 0 and 5 ! (x + h)2 > 5 ! x 2 .
If 0 < x < x + h < ! , then 2x + h > 0 ; therefore !h(2x + h) < 0 and 5 ! (x + h)2 < 5 ! x 2 .
7-6.
A graph is concave down over an interval [a, b] if a line segment joining any two points on
the graph over that interval lies completely below the graph.
7-7.
See graph at right.
Increasing on (!", !1) and (1, !) , decreasing on (!1, 0) and
(0, 1) ; concave up on (0, !) , concave down on (!", 0) .

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 1

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-8.
Any line or odd function that passes through the origin, for example:
y = 5x,!y = x 5 ,!y = sin x .

Review and Preview 7.1.1

7-9.
a.
Increasing: (, 3) (1, 5), Decreasing: (3, 1) (5, ), Concave Up: (1, 3),
Concave Down: (, 1) (3, );
b.
Decreasing: (, ), Concave Up (, 0), Concave down (0, )
7-10.

See sample graph at right.

7-11.

Brittany; segments connecting any two points on the graph

are above the graph.
7-12.
a.
b(x) = a(x ! 2) + 5 = (x ! 2)3 ! 3(x ! 2) + 5

b(x) = (x ! 2)(x 2 ! 4x + 4) ! 3x + 6 + 5
b(x) = x 3 ! 4x 2 + 4x ! 2x 2 + 8x ! 8 ! 3x + 6 + 5
b(x) = x 3 ! 6x 2 + 9x + 3
b.

c.

W + 25

7-13.
a.

Amplitude :

!7!(!1)
2

=3

Period : 4" b = 2" !!#!!b =

( 12 x ) ! 4!!or!!
y = 3 cos ( 12 (x ! " ) ) ! 4

b.

3!(!1)
2

=2

Period: " b = 2" !!#!!b = 2

1
2

((

y = 2 sin 2 x ! "4

y = 3 sin

CPM Educational Program 2012

Amplitude:

) ) + 1!!or!!

y = !2 cos(2x) + 1

Chapter 7: Page 2

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-14.

2(x ! 3) +

3
x+1

=7

2(x ! 3)(x + 1) + 3 = 7(x + 1)

2(x 2 ! 2x ! 3) + 3 = 7x + 7

x=

!(!11) (!11)2 ! 4(2)(!10)

2(2)

x = 11 4 201

2x 2 ! 4x ! 3 = 7x + 7
2x 2 ! 11x ! 10 = 0
7-15.

tan !1 2 1.107 radians, (63.435) or 2.034 radians (180 63.435 = 116.565).

7-16.

slope = m =

s!u
r!t

y = mx + b

distance = (r ! t)2 + (s ! u)2

distance = r ! t

(r!t )2
(r!t )2

d = r!t

m2 + 1

(r, s)
(t, u)

(r!t )2 +(s!u)2
(r!t )2

d = r!t

(s!u)2
(r!t )2

Lesson 7.1.2
7-17.
a.
y = (2)2 = 4

b.

y = (!2)2 = 4

c.

y = (3)2 = 9

Changing of sign of x does not

affect f(x).
y = (a)2 = a 2 They are equal.
y = (!a)2 = a 2

y = (!3)2 = 9

d.
e.

y = (1.721)2 = 2.962
y = (!1.721)2 = 2.962

f (a) = f (!a)
Symmetric about the y-axis.

7-18.
a.
These functions have even power exponents.
b.
f (!x) = f (x)
c.
d.

They are symmetric about the y-axis.

y = cos x or y = x are good choices.

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 3

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-19.
a.
y = (2)3 = 8

b.

Changing the sign of x changes

only the sign of f (x) .

c.

y = (a)3 = a 3

y = (!2)3 = !8
y = (3)3 = 27

y = (!a)3 = !a 3

y = (!3)3 = !27

d.
e.

f (!a) = ! f (a)
Symmetric around the origin.

7-20.
a.
These functions have odd exponents.
c.
They are symmetric about the origin.

b.
d.

f (!x) = ! f (x)
y = sin x is a good choice.

7-21.
a.
(2, 5)

c.

unknown

b.

Neither f (!x) = (!x)2 + 3(!x)3

y = (1.721)3 = 5.097
y = (!1.721)3 = !5.097

b.

(3, 5)

7-23.
a.

Even g(!x) = (!x)2 + cos2 (!x)

g(!x) = x 2 + cos2 x

c.

f (!x) = x 2 ! 3x 3

Odd h(!x) = (!x)!1 + 2 sin(!x)

h(!x) = !x !1 ! 2 sin x

Review and Preview 7.1.2

7-24.
a.
cos(!x) = cos(x) and sin(!x) = ! sin x

b.

Sine is odd, cosine is even.

7-25.
a.
Any parabola with a vertex on the y-axis. Example: f (x) = x 2 ! 3
b.
Impossible
c.
Any parabola with a vertex not on the y-axis. Example: f (x) = 2x 2 ! 8x + 5
7-26.
Tangent is odd. tan(!x) =
7-27.

sin(! x)
cos(! x)

! sin x
cos x

=!

sin x
cos x

= ! tan x

Increasing: (2, 4); Decreasing: (, 2) (4, );

Concave Up: (, 1); Concave Down: (1, )

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 4

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-28.
a.
2.9 1.7 = 1.2 seconds
b.
46 20 = 26
2!
y = 13 cos 1.2 (x " 1.7) + 33 (other answers are possible)
c.

d.

( 1.22! (x " 1.7) ) + 33

2!
"3 = 13 cos ( 1.2
(x " 1.7) )
3 = cos 2! (x " 1.7)
" 13
( 1.2
)
3 = 2! (x " 1.7)
cos"1 ( " 13
) 1.2

Because the period of the graph is less

than the horizontal shift, one solution
is x = 2.0445 ! 1.2 = 0.8445 .
The graph will have another maximum
at x = 1.7 ! 1.2 = 0.5 .
Due to the symmetry of the graph, the
second solution is
x = 0.5 ! (0.8445 ! 0.5) = 0.1555 .

30 = 13 cos

2!
1.804 = 1.2
(x " 1.7)

0.3445 = x " 1.7

2.0445 = x
7-29.

logb

NP 1
= 2 logb N + 12 logb P ! 2 logb M
2
M
= 12 " 0.6 + 12 " !1.8 ! 2 " 2.1
= 0.3 ! 0.9 ! 4.2 = !4.8

7-30.
a.

b.

!2 f (x)

c.

f (!x) + 1

1
f (x)

7-31.

Interval length =

4!1
10

= 103 = 0.3 x0 = 1, x1 = 1.3, x2 = 1.6, x3 = 1.9, x4 = 2.2, x5 = 2.5,

x6 = 2.8, x7 = 3.1, x8 = 3.4, x9 = 3.7, x10 = 4.0

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 5

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

0.3 !

k =0

4
0.3k +1

= 6.023 . This is an upper bound because the rectangles are above the curve.

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 6

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Lesson 7.2.1
7-32.
a.
See sketch at right.
b.
h = height, x = width
c.
V = 4500 = 2x ! x ! h = 2x 2 h

h
x

S = 2x ! x + 2x ! h + 2x ! h + x ! h + x ! h
d.
e.

S = 2x 2 + 6xh
We want to know the smallest surface area represented by the variable, S.
4500 = 2x 2 h!!!!!h = 4500
= 2250
2
2
2x

S=

f.

2x

+ 6x " 2250
x2
2x 2 + 13500
x
2x 2

S=
x = 15, S = 1350
h=

2250
x2

2250
225

= 10

7-33.
s
6

a.

(s+20)
10

s
6

b.

(s+ 4t )
10

10s = 6s + 24t
4s = 24t
s = 6t feet

10s = 6s + 120
4s = 120
s = 30

10
6
20

7-34.

V = ! r 2 d = 16! d
16! d = 3t
d(t) = 163t!

7-35.
r
d

3
8

8r = 3d
r=

3d
8

! r2d
3
2
! (3d 8) d
3
2
! 9d "d
3"64
9! d 3

V = 2t =
2t =
2t =
384t =
384t
9!

! (3d 8)2 d
3

= d3

d(t) = 4 3
CPM Educational Program 2012

2t
3!

Chapter 7: Page 7

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Review and Preview 7.2.1

7-36.

x + y = 60!!!!!P = xy
y = 60 ! x!!!!!P = x(60 ! x) = !x 2 + 60x
30 + y = 60!!!!!y = 30
30 + 30 = 60, product = 900

Graph or average the x-intercepts (x = 0 and

x = 60) to find that the product will be a
maximum when x = 30.

x+2

7-37.

S = 2x 2 + 2x 2 + 6xh = 4x 2 + 6xh
x

4500 = 2x 2 h

Diagram for 7-38.

7-38.

x 2 + x 2 = (x + 2)2

Area = 12 ! (2 + 2 2 ) ! (2 + 2 2 )

2x 2 = x 2 + 4x + 4

Area = 1 + 2

0=

x2

! 4x ! 4

x=

!(!4) (!4)2 ! 4(1)(!4)

2(1)

x=

4 16+16
2

)(2 + 2 2 )

Area = 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 4
44 2
2

Area = 6 + 4 2

=22 2

7-39.
a.
(7 ! 5 cos " )2 = (7 ! 5 cos " )(7 ! 5 cos " )
= 49 ! 35 cos " ! 35 cos " + 25 cos2 "

b.

= 49 ! 70 cos " + 25 cos2 "

(sin ! + cos ! )2 = (sin ! + cos ! )(sin ! + cos ! )

= sin 2 ! + sin ! cos ! + sin ! cos ! + cos2 !

= 1 + 2 sin ! cos !
= 1 + sin 2!
7-40.
y + y + x + x + x = 300
2y + 3x = 300
2y = 300 ! 3x
y=

300! 3x
2

y
x

A = xy
A=x

( 300!2 3x )

A = 150x !

3
2

x2

This is a maximum when x = 50.

x = 50
2y + 3(50) = 300
2y = 150
y = 75

They should be 37.5 ft wide and 50 ft long.

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 8

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-41.
a.
5(x!2) = 5 x " 5 !2 =

1
52

" 5x =

1
25

" 5x

b.

91 2 x+1 = 32(1 2 x+1) = 3x+2 = 3x ! 32 = 9 ! 3x

c.

60

( )

2 2 x!2
3

= 60

( ) ( )
2 2x
3

2 !2
3

2
= 60 " 32 " #
2 $

x
2 2%
3 &

( )

= 60 " 94 "

7-42.
a.

( 49 )

= 135

( 49 )

b.

7-43.

sin(2A) cos(2A) =
2 sin(2A) cos(2A) =
sin(2 ! 2A) =
sin(4A) =
4A =
A=

1
4
1
2
1
2
1
2
"
+ 2" n, 56"
6
"
+ "2n , 524"
24

CPM Educational Program 2012

+ 2" n
+ "2n

Chapter 7: Page 9

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Lesson 7.2.2
7-44.
a.
b.

u = x 2 + 2 , 3u ! u = 5
u = 4! " 2 or u = sin(4! " 2) , sin 2 u ! sin u + 1 = 0 or u 2 ! u + 1 = 0

c.

u=

7-45.
a.

b.

3x
x2 + 3

, log u + 2u = 7

u = y !5 2
2x + u = 6
3x ! 2u = !5
u = 6 ! 2x

3x ! 2(6 ! 2x) = !5
3x ! 12 + 4x = !5
7x = 7

u = x 2 + 3x

3(10y) ! 3y = 27
(10)2 = x 2 + 3x
27y = 27
100 = x 2 + 3x
y =1
0 = x 2 + 3x ! 100
u = 10(1) = 10

u
2y

x =1

= 5!!!!!u = 10y

7-46.
a.
u+ u !6=0
v2 + v ! 6 = 0
b.
(v + 3)(v ! 2) = 0
c.

!3 " (M 2 + 3M ! 1)

4 = y! 5 2
y = 4! 2 5

3u " 3y = 27

d.

u = 6 ! 2(1) = 4

v!2= 0
v=2
1

(2)2 = (M 2 + 3M ! 1)1 2

x=

!3 32 ! 4(1)(!100)
2(1)

x=

!3 409
2

or v + 3 = 0
v = !3

No value associated with v = 3.

)2

4 = M 2 + 3M ! 1
0 = M 2 + 3M ! 5

M=

!3 32 ! 4(1)(!5)
2(1)

M=

!3 29
2

7-47.
Joey needs 16 unit squares.
7-48.

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 10

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

a.

y = x 2 + 8x

b.

y = x 2 + 6x ! 1

y = x 2 + 8x + (16 ! 16)

y = x 2 + 6x + (9 ! 9) ! 1

y = (x 2 + 8x + 16) ! 16

y = (x 2 + 6x + 9) ! (9 + 1)

y = (x + 4)2 ! 16

y = (x + 3)2 ! 10

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 11

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-49.
a.
9
V = (!3, !6)
c.

y ! 3 = x 2 + 6x + 9 ! 9

b.

y ! 3 = (x + 3)2 ! 9
y = (x + 3)2 ! 6

7-50.

x 2 + 6x + 9 + y 2 ! 4y + 4 ! (9 + 4) = 51
(x + 3)2 + (y ! 2)2 ! 13 = 51
(x + 3)2 + (y ! 2)2 = 64

center: (!3, 2) ; radius: 8

Review and Preview 7.2.2

7-51.
a.
27

y = 3x 2 ! 18x + 27 ! 27 + 1

b.

y = 3(x 2 ! 6x + 9) ! 26
y = 3(x ! 3)2 ! 26
V = (3, !26)
7-52.

y = x 2 ! 8x + 1
y = x 2 ! 8x + 16 ! 16 + 1
y = (x ! 4)2 ! 15
V = (4, !15)
7-53.
a.
Let u = x 2 + x ! 1
u 2 ! 2u ! 8 = 0

(u ! 4 ) (u + 2) = 0
u = !2 or 4

b.

4 = x2 + x ! 2

x2 + x = 0

x2 + x ! 6 = 0

x ( x + 1) = 0

( x + 3) ( x ! 2 ) = 0

x = 0 or ! 1

x = !3 or 2

Let u = x 2 + 5
12
u

+ u = 7 ! u 2 " 7u + 12 = 0

x 2 + 5 = 3 or

x2 + 5 = 4

x 2 + 5 = 9 ! x = 2

( u " 3) ( u " 4 ) = 0

x 2 + 5 = 16 ! x = 11

u = 3 or 4

" x = 2 or 11

CPM Educational Program 2012

! x = "3, " 1, 0, 2

!2 = x 2 + x ! 2

Chapter 7: Page 12

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-54.

A = "2x 2 + 120x
This is a max when x = 30.

B
A
R

7-55.
a.
(1 ! cos " )2 + (sin " )2 =

b.

1 ! 2 cos " + cos2 " + sin 2 " =

1 ! 2 cos " + 1 =
2 ! 2 cos "

(2 sin ! )2 + (2 cos ! )2 =
4 sin 2 ! + 4 cos2 ! =
4(sin 2 ! + cos2 ! ) =
4(1) = 4

7-56.
a.
4x + 3 ! 12
4x ! 9
x!

x = 30
y = 120 ! 2(30)
= 120 ! 60 = 60
60ft x 30ft

2x + y = 120 ! y = 120 " 2x

A = xy
A = x(120 " 2x)

!6 <

b.

!7 <

9
4

x +1< 8

1
2
1
2

x<7

!14 < x < 14

7-57.

y=
1=

f (!3) =

k
x+6
k
1+6

f (0) =

7 =
7
21
= 197 3 = 7 " 193 = 19
( 13 ) = 1 3+6
1 3+18 3
7 =
7
7
a = 7a
f ( 1a ) = 1 a+6
= (1+6a)
= 7 " 1+6a
1 a+6a a
a
1+6a

k=7
y=

7 = 7
!3+6
3
7 = 7
0+6
6

7
x+6

Lesson 7.2.3
7-58.
a.

2x 3

+x 2

!2x

+1

2x4

x3

2x2

6x3

3x2

6x

b.

x3

+2x 2

+ 0x

2x

2x4

4x3

0x2

6x

+1

x3

2x2

0x

2x 4 ! 6x 3 + x 3 ! 3x 2 ! 2x 2 + 6x + x ! 3

2x 4 + x 3 + 4x 3 + 2x 2 ! 6x ! 3

2x 4 ! 5x 3 ! 5x 2 + 7x ! 3

2x 4 + 5x 3 + 2x 2 ! 6x ! 3
Solution continues on next page.

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 13

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-58. Solution continued from previous page.

c.
x
+2

x3

3x2

2x

2x

4x

4x

2x

3x
6x

d.

2x2

2x

4x3

2x2

4x

+3

6x2

3x

x 4 + 2x 3 ! 3x 3 ! 6x 2 + 2x 2 + 4x + 4x + 8

4x 3 + 6x 2 ! 2x 2 ! 3x ! 4x ! 6

x 4 ! x 3 ! 4x 2 + 8x + 8

4x 3 + 4x 2 ! 7x ! 6

7-59.
3x 2 ! x + 2
2x ! 1 6x 3 ! 5x 2 + 5x ! 2
6x 3 ! 3x 2
! 2x 2 + 5x
! 2x 2 + x
4x ! 2
4x ! 2
0

7-60.

x 4 ! x 3 ! 2x 2 + 2x !

5
x+1

x + 1 x 5 + 0x 4 ! 3x 3 + 0x 2 + 2x ! 5
x5 + x4
! x 4 ! 3x 3
! x4 ! x3
! 2x 3 + 0x 2
!2x 3 ! 2x 2
2x 2 + 2x
!!!!!!!2x 2 + 2x
!!!!!!! ! 5
7-61.
a.

c.
d.

b.

x2 ! x ! 2 +

1
x!2

x ! 2 x 3 ! 3x 2 + 0x + 5
x 3 ! 2x 2
! x 2 + 0x
! x 2 + 2x
! 2x + 5
!2x + 4
1

The graph in Y1 follows the graph in Y2 except that it has an asymptote at x = 2.

The quotient tells you about the general or global shape of the graph.

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 14

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

e.

The remainder shows where the asymptotes occur.

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 15

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Review and Preview 7.2.3

7-62.

7-63.

x 2 + 4x ! 2 ! 4 x ! 3

x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1
5
4
x ! 1 x + 0x + 0x 3 + 0x 2 + 0x ! 1
x5 ! x4
x 4 + 0x 3
x4 ! x3
x 3 + 0x 2
x3 ! x2
x 2 + 0x
x2 ! x
x !1
!x ! 1
0

x ! 3 x 3 + x 2 ! 14x + 2
x 3 ! 3x 2
4x 2 ! 14x
4x 2 ! 12x
! 2x + 2
!2x + 6
!4

7-64.
Error is in the following line: y + 5 = !2(x 2 + 2x)
The line should be: y + 5 = !2(x 2 ! 2x)
7-65.
a.
y = 2x 2 ! 8x + 7

b.

Vertex is at(2, !1).

y = 2(x 2 ! 4x + 4) + 7 ! 8
y = 2(x ! 2)2 ! 1
7-66.

x+y=9! y=9"x
P = xy 2
P(x) = x(9 " x)2

7-67.
a.
(1.02) x = 2
x log1.02 (1.02) = log1.02 2
x=

log 2
log 1.02

Using a graphing calculator, calculate

the maximum value (ytr). The
maximum value of 108 occurs when
x = 3.

b.

x log1.05 (1.05) = log1.05 2

= 35

x=

35 years

c.

d.

x log1.07 (1.07) = log1.07 2

log 2
log 1.07

log 2
log 1.05

= 14.207

14 years

(1.07) x = 2
x=

(1.05) x = 2

x log1.1 (1.1) = log1.1 2

= 10.245

x=

10 years
CPM Educational Program 2012

(1.1) x = 2
log 2
log 1.1

= 7.273

7 years
Chapter 7: Page 16

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

e.
7-68.
a.

The Rule of 70 is called as such because the number of years to double is close to 70
divided by the annual percent growth rate.
x 2 ! 7x " !6

b.

x 2 ! 7x + 6 " 0
(x ! 6)(x ! 1) " 0
[1, 6]!!or !1 " x " 6

(x ! 2)(x ! 1)(x + 3) < 0

(!", !3) # (1, 2),
! " < x < !3 !or !1 < x < 2

7-69.
a.

( x 2 + y 2 )3
2 x 2 + y2

(x 2 + y 2 )3 2
2(x 2 + y 2 )1 2

(x 2 + y 2 )3 2!1 2 x 2 + y 2
=
2
2

b.

2x 5 ! 8x 3 2x 3 (x 2 ! 4)
=
x+2
x+2
3
2x (x + 2)(x ! 2)
=
(x + 2)
= 2x 3 (x ! 2)

Lesson 7.2.4
7-70.
(x + y)1 = x + y
(x + y)2 = x 2 + xy + xy + y 2 = x 2 + 2xy + y 2
(x + y)3 = (x + y)(x 2 + 2xy + y 2 )
= x 3 + 2x 2 y + xy 2 + x 2 y + 2xy 2 + y 3
= x 3 + 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y 3
(x + y)4 = (x + y)(x 3 + 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y 3 )
= x 4 + 3x 3 y + 3x 2 y 2 + xy 3 + x 3 y + 3x 2 y 2 + 3xy 3 + y 4
= x 4 + 4x 3 y + 6x 2 y 2 + 4xy 3 + y 4

7-71.
a.
Decrease by 1 each time.
b.
Increase by 1 each time.
c.
Each time the sum is the same as the exponent of expansion.
7-73.

(x + y)0 = 1

It goes in Row 0.

7-74.
a.
Row 9
b.
x 9 + 9x 8 y
c.
x 6 + 6x 5 y + 15x 4 y 2 + 20x 3 y 3 + 15x 2 y 4 + 6xy 5 + y 6
CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 17

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

d.

1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 18

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-75.

15
15
15
15
(x + y)15 = ! # x15 + ! # x14 y + ! # x13 y 2 + ! # x12 y 3
" 0$
" 1$
" 2$
" 3$
= x15 + 15x14 y + 105x13 y 2 + 455x12 y 3
7-76.
a.
x 3 + 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y 3

b.

y = 2z
x 3 + 3x 2 (2z) + 3x(2z)2 + (2z)3
x 3 + 6x 2 z + 12xz 2 + 8z 3

c.

(x + y)4 = x 4 + 4x 3 y + 6x 2 y 2 + 4xy 3 + y 4
(x + 3w)4 = x 4 + 4x 3 (3w) + 6x 2 (3w)2 + 4x(3w)3 + (3w)4
(x + 3w)4 = x 4 + 12x 3w + 54x 2 w 2 + 108xw 3 + 81w 4

7-77.
a.
(x + y)4 = x 4 + 4x 3 y + 6x 2 y 2 + 4xy 3 + y 4
y = !3w
b.
c.
d.
e.

(x ! 3w)4 = x 4 + 4x 3 (!3w) + 6x 2 (!3w)2 + 4x(!3w)3 + (!3w)4

(x ! 3w)4 = x 4 ! 12x 3w + 54x 2 w 2 ! 108xw 3 + 81w 4
The signs alternate in the expansion.

Review and Preview 7.2.4

7-78.
x 6 + 6x 6!1y 0+1 + 15x 6!2 y1+1 + 20x 6! 3 y 2+1 + 15x 6! 4 y 3+1 + 6x 6!5 y 4+1 + y 5+1 =
x 6 + 6x 5 y + 15x 4 y 2 + 20x 3 y 3 + 15x 2 y 4 + 6xy 5 + y 6

7-79.
a 3 + 3a 2b + 3ab 2 + b 3
a.
b.
(2x)3 + 3(2x)2 (!3y) + 3(2x)(!3y)2 + (!3y)3
c.
8x 3 ! 36x 2 y + 54xy 2 ! 27y 3
7-80.
a.

x 2 + y2 = r 2

b.

(x ! 7)2 + (y ! 5)2 = r 2

(!6)2 + (!8)2 = r 2

(3 ! 7)2 + (!2 ! 5)2 = r 2

36 + 64 = r 2

16 + 49 = r 2

100 = r 2
r = 10

65 = r 2

CPM Educational Program 2012

(x ! 7)2 + (y ! 5)2 = 65

Chapter 7: Page 19

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-81.
a.
x 2 ! 10x + y 2 + 8y + 5 = 0

x 2 ! 10x + 25 + y 2 + 8y + 16 = !5 + 25 + 16
(x ! 5)2 + (y + 4)2 = 36
C = (5, !4), r = 6
b.

x 2 ! 8x + y 2 + 6y ! 56 " 0
x 2 ! 8x + 16 + y 2 + 6y + 9 " 56 + 16 + 9
(x ! 4)2 + (y + 3)2 " 81
C = (4, !3), r = 9

7-82.

7-83.

+ 2x 2

2x 3

+x+4+

x 4 ! x 2 + 4x + 12 !

9
x!1

5/2
2 x+1

2x + 1 2x 5 + x 4 ! 2x 3 + 7x 2 + 5x ! 2

x ! 1 2x 4 + 0x 3 ! x 2 + 3x + 5
2x 4 ! 2x 3
2x 3 ! x 2
2x 3 ! 2x 2
x 2 + 3x
x2 ! x
4x + 5
4x ! 4
9

2x 5 + x 4
!! 2x 3 + 7x 2
!!!!!!!2x 3 ! x 2
8x 2 + 5x
8x 2 + 4x
x!2
!!!!!! x +

1
2

!!! !

5
2

7-84.
85! 37

Period: 365b = 2! !!" b =

Amplitude: 2 = 24
Possible equations:

2"
(x ! 17) ) + 61
( 365
2"
y = 24 sin ( 365
(x ! 107) ) + 61

y = !24 cos

7-85.
a.

x2 =

( 2x )

+ h2

h = x2 !

c.

x2
4

y = !24 cos

2"
(44 ! 17) ) + 61
( 365

y = !24 cos(0.4648) + 61

b.
3x 2
4

3
2

y = !24 " 0.8939 + 61

y = !21.45 + 61 = 39.5

V (x) = base ! length

V (x) = 12

2!
365

xh
2

= 6x

( x ) = 3 3x
3
2

200 = 3 3x 2
x2 =

200 3
9

h = 5.373 ft
CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 20

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Lesson 7.3.1
7-86.
a.
Each pair equals 101.
7-87.
a.
12 x 4 = 48
c.
1000 by 999

b.

50 pairs

c.

b.

It is twice as large as A.

7-88.
a.
1100 by 899

101 x 50 = 5050

1100!899
2

b.

= 494, 450

7-89.
n = number of terms, a1= first term of the sequence, and an = nth term of the sequence.
7-90.
10.2 ! 10 = 0.2
a.

7-91.
57!29
8

965 =

49 times

b.

n ( a1 +an )
= 965!!!!!a1 =
2
n 15+ (15+ 3.5 ( n!1) )
n ( 30+ 3.5n! 3.5 )

= 3.5!!!!!S =

)=

1930 = 26.5n + 3.5n 2

3.5n 2 + 26.5n ! 1930 = 0

29 ! 4(3.5) = 15!!!!!an = 15 + 3.5(n ! 1)

n=

49 ! 0.2 = 9.8
n50 = 19.8
25 pairs, each pair = 19.8 + 10 = 29.8
25 ! 29.8 = 745

c.

n ( 26.5+ 3.5n )
2

26.5n+ 3.5n 2
2

!26.5 26.5 2 ! 4(3.5)(!1930)

2(3.5)

!26.5166.5
7

= 20

Review and Preview 7.3.1

7-92.
a.
(, 1) (1, )
d.

It is odd. f (!x) =

(0, )

b.
(! x)2 +1
!x

=!

x 2 +1
x

c.

(, 0)

= ! f (x)

7-93.

SA = 2! rh + ! r 2 = 200!!"!!2! rh = 200 # ! r 2 !!or!!h =

V (r) = ! r 2 h = ! r 2

200" ! r 2
2! r

)=

r
2

(200 " ! r 2 ) = 100r "

200# ! r 2
2! r
3
!r
2

Using a graphing calculator yields a maximum value of 307.106 cm when r = 4.607.

If r = 4.607 then h =

200! " (4.607)2

2" (4.607)

CPM Educational Program 2012

= 4.607 .
Chapter 7: Page 21

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-94.
2x 2 ! 7x + 9
x + 4 2x 3 + x 2 ! 19x + 36
2x 3 + 8x 2
! 7x 2 ! 19x
!7x 2 ! 28x
9x + 36
9x + 36
0

7-95.
a.
c.

30(3+90)
= 1395
2
41(20+100)
= 2460
2

d.

41(20+100)
= 2460
2
46(37+262)
= 6877
2

b.

x 3 + xy 2 = x(x 2 + y 2 )

b.

7-96.
a.
x 3 ! xy 2 = x(x 2 ! y 2 ) = x(x + y)(x ! y)
c.
4x 2 (x 2 + y 2 )1 2 ! 4(x 2 + y 2 )3 2

(x 2 + y 2 )1 2 (4x 2 ! 4(x 2 + y 2 ))
!4y 2 (x 2 + y 2 )1 2
7-97.
(1 + 2 sin ! )2 + (2 cos ! )2 =
1 + 4 sin ! + 4 sin 2 ! + 4 cos2 ! =
1 + 4 sin ! + 4(sin 2 ! + cos2 ! ) =
1 + 4 sin ! + 4 =
5 + 4 sin !

7-98.
a.
d.

7-99.

lim f (x) = 4

x!4

b.

lim f (x) " does not exist

x!0

lim f (x) = "2

x!0 "

c.
e.

lim f (x) = "3

x!"#

lim f (x) = #

x!"3

a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 12
200(1.0112 !1)
0.01

= $2536.50

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 22

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Lesson 7.3.2
7-100.
1 + 3 + 9 + 27 + 81 + 243 + 729 = 1093
a.
c.

b.

3S = 3 + 9 + 27 + 81 + 243 + 729 + 2187

d.
S = 1 + 3 + 9 + 27 + 81 + 243 + 729
3S S = 2S = 3279 1093 = 2186
This is twice as much as what was found in part (a).

7-101.
S = 1 + 5 + 25 + 125 + 625 + 3125 + 15625
a.
b.
5S = 5 + 25 + 125 + 625 + 3125 + 15625 + 78125
5S ! S = 78124 ! 1 = 78123
4S = 78123
S = 19531
c.

S = 5 + 15 + 45 + + 885735
S = 5 ! 30 + 5 ! 31 + 5 ! 32 + + 5 ! 311
3S = 5 ! 31 + 5 ! 32 + 5 ! 33 + + 5 ! 312
3S " S = 5 ! 312 " 5 ! 30
2S = 2657205 " 5 = 2657200
S = 1, 328, 600

d.

3 ! 729 = 2187 , 3 is the multiplier.

2S = 2186
S = 1093

S = 1 + 6 + 36 + ! + 7776
6S = 6 + 36 + 216 + ! + 46656
6S ! S = 46656 ! 1 = 46655
5S = 46655
S = 9331
S = 10000 + 1000 + + 0.001
S = 10 4 + 10 3 + + 10 !3
10S = 10 5 + 10 4 + + 10 !2
10S ! S = 10 5 ! 10 !3
9S = 100000 ! 0.001
9S = 99, 999.999
S = 11, 111.111

7-103.
The first term has no power of r, so we need to stop at (n ! 1) .
7-104.
a.
200(1 + 0.01)11 = 200(1.01)11
a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 12
c.
200(1.0112 !1)
0.01

200(1.01)11 + 200(1.01)10 + ! + 200

b.

a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 60

= $2536.50

7-105.
a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 24
a.
200(1.0124 !1)
0.01

c.

b.

200(1.0160 !1)
0.01

= $5394.69

a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 120

200(1.01120 !1)
0.01

= $46, 007.74

7-106.
a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 240
a.
200(1.01240 !1)
0.01

= $16, 333.93

b.

200(1.01360 !1)
0.01

= $197, 851

CPM Educational Program 2012

a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 360

Chapter 7: Page 23

= $698, 992.83

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

c.

a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 480

200(1.01480 !1)
0.01

= $2, 352, 954.50

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 24

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Review and Preview 7.3.2

7-107.
S = 1 ! 3 + 9 ! 27 + 81 ! 243 + 729 ! 2187 = !1640 . The method still works when r < 0.
7-108.
4(5+ x)
2

a.

= 200

4(5 + x) = 400
5 + x = 100

195 = 5r 3 + 5r 2 + 5r
39 = r 3 + r 2 + r
r=3
Series = 5 + 15 + 45 + 135

x = 95
95!5
3

200 = 5 + 5r + 5r 2 + 5r 3

b.

= 30

Series = 5 + 35 + 65 + 95
7-109.
a.

3(211 !1)
= 3(2047) = 6141
2!1
20(800+1560)
= 23, 600
2
0.02(311 ! 34 )
0.02(177, 066)

S=

b.
c.

S=
1
2

d.

3!1

+ + +
2
2

3
2

4 + 20
2
2

!1
$
20 # +10 &
"2
%
2

3541.32
2

20

= 1770.66

( 212 ) = 10(21) = 105

2

7-110.

S=

100(1.00512 !1)
1.005!1

100(0.0617)
0.005

= 1233.56

7-111.

2x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x + 1 !

2
2 x! 3

2x ! 3 4x 4 ! 2x 3 + 0x 2 ! 7x ! 5
4x 4 ! 6x 3
!!4x 3 ! 0x 2
!!!! 4x 3 ! 6x 2
!!!6x 2 ! 7x
!!!6x 2 ! 9x
!!!!!2x ! 5
!!!!!!!2x ! 3
!!!! ! 2

Diagram for 7-112.

7-112.
500 = 4x + 2y!!!!!y = 250 " 2x

di

A = xy = x(250 ! 2x)
This is a maximum when x = 62.5 ft.
2
Therefore y = 125 ft and the maximum area is 7812.5 ft .

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 25

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-113.
sin A = 45
cos B = 12
a.
b.
13
c.
sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + sin B cos A
=

d.

( 45 ) ( 1213 ) + ( 135 ) ( 53 ) = 6548 + 1565 = 6563

A
3

cos(A + B) = cos A cos B ! sin A sin B

13

( )( ) ! ( )( ) = ! =
63/65 = 63
tan(A + B) =
= 16/65
( 65 ) ( 1665 ) = 1663
=

e.

3 12
5
13
sin(A+ B)
cos(A+ B)

4
5

5
13

36
65

20
65

16
65

12

7-114.
a.

d = (2 ! 0)2 + (5 ! (!3))2 = 4 + 64 = 68 = 2 17

b.

midpoint =

= (1, 1)
( 0+22 , !3+5
2 )

5!(!3)
= 82 =
2!0
slope "= ! 14
(y ! 1) = ! 14 (x ! 1)
y = ! 14 (x ! 1) + 1

slope =

7-115.
a.
ar ! a = 24!!!!!!!!!!a(r ! 1) = 24
4
ar ! ar 3 = 648!!!!!!ar 3 (r ! 1) = 648

b.

Dividing the equations yields:

1
r3

24
648

1 !!!!!r
27

=3

r = 3!!!!!a(3 " 1) = 24!!!!!a = 12

Since we are looking at the difference the equations in part (a) can be written as:
ar ! a = !24
ar ! a = 24 Other solutions will come from:
4
4
3
ar ! ar 3 = !648
ar ! ar = 648
In this case a = 12.
If r = 3, then a(!3 ! 1) = 24!!"!!a = !6!!!or!!!!a(!3 ! 1) = !24!!"!!a = 6 .
Thus all four solutions in the form (a, r) are (12, 3), (12, 3), (6, 3), (6, 3).

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 26

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Lesson 7.3.3
PROBLEM SET A
! 10 # 1 3 1
1.
2
" 3$ 2

( )( )

10% 3

= 120

( 12 )

10

& 0.117

2.

! 5 # (0.6)4 (0.4)5% 4 = 5(0.6)4 (0.4)1 & 0.259

" 4$

3.

! 4 # (0.8)4 (0.2)4% 4 = (0.8)4 & 0.410

" 4$

4.

! 4#
" 3$

( 43 ) ( 14 )

5.

! 4#
" 2$

( 15 ) ( 45 )

6.

! 6#
" 3$

( 16 ) ( 56 )

7.

! 18 #
" 16 $

8.

! 5 # 0.3 2 0.7 5%2 = 10 0.3 2 0.7 3 & 0.309

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
" 2$

4% 3

=6

6% 3

16

( 43 ) ( 14 )
1

( 15 ) ( 45 )

= 20

( 109 ) ( 101 )

7-117.

=4

18%16

% 0.154

( 16 ) ( 56 )
3

= 153

( 23 ) ( 23 ) = ( 23 )

& 0.0469

& 0.054

( 109 ) ( 101 )
16

& 0.284

a.

P(R, R) =

b.

Tracing along the branches of the tree: R, then B =

c.
d.

Tracing along the branches of the tree: B, then R =

.
Using the results from parts (b) and (c) indicates that the probability of getting one red and
one blue =

2!1
3 3

+ 13 ! 23 = 2

2!1
3 3
1!2
3 3

( 13 ! 23 ) .

7-118.
1
a.
P(B, B) = 14 ! 14 = 16
b.
You can get red then blue or blue then red.
7-119.
a.
See diagram at right.
b.
Using the diagram, P(2 reds) = p 2 .
c.
Using the diagram, P(2 blues) = q 2 .
d.
Using the diagram, P(one red and one blue) = pq + pq = 2 pq .
e.
p 2 + 2 pq + q 2 = ( p + q)2 = 12 = 1

p
p

q
p
q

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 27

= p2
= pq
= pq
= q2

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-120.
sin 2 u ! sin u + 0.24 = 0
a.
b.
Let v = sin u .
v 2 ! v + 0.24 = 0
c.
d.
v = sin(3x ! 5)
7-121.
(x + y)4 = x 4 + 4x 3 y + 6x 2 y 2 + 4xy 3 + y 4
Let x = a and y = bc.
a 4 + 4a 3 (bc) + 6a 2 (bc)2 + 4a(bc)3 + (bc)4 =

a 4 + 4a 3bc + 6a 2b 2 c 2 + 4ab 3c 3 + b 4 c 4
7-122.
a.
See diagram at right.
0.7 3 = 0.343
b.
0.33 = 0.027
c.
d.
3(0.7)2 (0.3) = 0.441
e.

3(0.7)(0.3)2 = 0.189

7-123.
a.
y=k x

0.7
0.7 0.3
0.7
0.7 0.3
0.3
0.7
0.3 0.7
0.3
0.3 0.7
0.3

11 = k ! 4
11 = 2k

b.

f (0) = 11
0=0
2
f (4) = 11
4 = 11
2

k = 11
2

f (8) = 11
8 = 11
! 2 2 = 11 2
2
2

y = 11
x
2
7-124.

f (x) = 11
x
2

f (a 2 ) = 11
a2 =
2

sin ! 1 # cos ! sin ! (1 # cos ! )

"
=
1 + cos ! 1 # cos !
1 # cos2 !
sin ! (1 # cos ! )
=
sin 2 !
1 # cos !
=
sin !

11 a
2

1 ! cos "
1
cos "
=
!
= csc " ! cot " or tan
sin "
sin " sin "

( "2 )

7-125.

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 28

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

a.

x2 + x ! 6 = 0

x2 + x ! 6 = 0

(!3)2 + (!3) ! 6 = 0
9 ! 3! 6 = 0

(2)2 + (2) ! 6 = 0
4+2!6=0

b.

x 2 + 2x ! 6 = 0
(!1 + 7 )2 + 2(!1 + 7 ) ! 6 = 0
1! 2 7 + 7 ! 2 + 2 7 ! 6 = 0
!2 7 + 2 7 + 1 + 7 ! 2 ! 6 = 0
0=0

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 29

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-126.

d1 = d2 !!!!!t1 + t 2 = 10!!!!!t 2 = 10 " t1

r1t1 = r2t 2
10t1 = 15(10 " t1 )
10t1 = 150 " 15t1
25t1 = 150
t1 = 6
d = r1t1 = 10 # 6 = 60 miles

7-127.
If the y-axis is a line of symmetry then there is not a horizontal shift. The line y = 15
touches either the top or the bottom of the graph. Since the point (20, 50) is on the graph,
the line y = 15 must touch the bottom. If (20, 50) is the next point of symmetry and in the
middle, then the period is 80. Therefore the amplitude is 50 ! 15 = 35 and
!
80b = 2! !or!b = 40
. Hence a possible equation is y = 35 cos !40x + 50 .

( )

7-128.
a.
The zeros are at x = 1, 3, and 5. x < 1 or 3 < x < 5
The intervals to check are (!", 1),!(1, 3), (3, 5),!and!(5, ") .
Choose a point in each interval and check to see if it makes the inequality true.
(!", 1)!!choose!x = 0!!#!!(1 ! 0)(0 ! 3)(0 ! 5) = 15 > 0!!true
(1, 3)!!choose!x = 2!!#!!(1 ! 2)(2 ! 3)(2 ! 5) = !3 >/ 0!!false
(3, 5)!!choose!x = 4!!#!!(1 ! 4)(4 ! 3)(4 ! 5) = 3 > 0!!true
(5, ")!!choose!x = 6!!#!!(1 ! 6)(6 ! 3)(6 ! 5) = !15 >/ 0!!false
Therefore the solution set is x < 1!!or!!3 < x < 5 .
b.
x 2 ! 2x ! 15 < 0!!"!!(x ! 5)(x + 3) < 0
The zeros are at x = 3 and 5.
The intervals to check are (!", !3), (!3, 5),!and!(5, ") .
Choose a point in each interval and check to see if it makes the inequality true.
(!", !3)!!choose!x = !4!!#!!(!4 ! 5)(!4 + 3) = 9 </ 0!!false
(!3, 5)!!choose!x = 0!!#!!(0 ! 5)(0 + 3) = !15 < 0!!true
(5, ")!!choose!x = 6!!#!!(6 ! 5)(6 + 3) = 9 </ 0!!false
Therefore the solution set is 3 < x < 5 .
7-129.
d = kf
a.

b.

2 = k !10
k = 0.2
d = 0.2 f

CPM Educational Program 2012

d = 0.2 f
3=

1
5

f = 15 pounds

Chapter 7: Page 30

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Chapter 7 Closure
7-130.
a.
The function must be cosine because it is even. If the increasing regions repeat every 4
units, then the period is 8 units. Since amplitude = 10 and 8b = 2! !or!b = !4 , a possible
equation is y = 10 cos !4 x .
y = 12 x odd!#
b.
c.
The given information indicates that there is a vertical asymptote at x = 2 and a horizontal
asymptote at y = 1. Therefore this is a rational function. A possible equation is
1 !1
y = x!2
.
d.
A function that has only one horizontal asymptote is an exponential function. Since it is
concave down it is reflected over the x-axis. Since the horizontal asymptote is y = 4, the
function has been shifted down 4 units. Thus a possible equation is y = !(2) x ! 4 .

( )

e.

Since the asymptotes are at x = 2 and x = 2, a possible equation is y =

f.

This will be an odd power function centered at x = 4. A possible equation is y = !(x ! 4)3 .

CL 7-131.
See graph below right.
!2 < x < 2
a.
x<0
c.

b.
d.

1
(x+2)(x!2)

1
x2 ! 4

x < !2 and x > 2

x>0

CL 7-132.
SA = 2! r 2 + 2! rh
V = ! r 2h
h=

V
! r2

SA = 2! r 2 + 2! r
SA = 2! r 2 +

( )
V
! r2

2V
r

CL 7-133.

15, 050 =

100(2+a2 )
2

30, 100 = 100(2 + a2 )

301 = 2 + a2
299 = a2
CL 7-134.
100 + 90 + 80 + ... ! 20 ! 18 ! 16 ! ...
10(100+10)
2

10(20+2)

!
= 1100
! 220
= 550 ! 110 = 440
2
2
2
Separate the positive terms from the negative. Each forms an arithmetic sequence.
CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 31

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

CL 7-135.

3x + 4 +

9
x!2

x ! 2 3x 2 ! 2x + 1
3x 2 ! 6x
4x + 1
4x ! 8
9
The graph looks like the line 3 x + 4 globally, but has an asymptote at x = 2 .
CL 7-136.
(3 + 2x ! 1)2 + 24 = 10(3 + 2x ! 1)
Let u = 3 + 2x ! 1 .

u=6
u=4
3 + 2x ! 1 = 6 3 + 2x ! 1 = 4
2x ! 1 = 3
2x ! 1 = 1
2x ! 1 = 9
2x ! 1 = 1
2x = 10
2x = 2
x=5
x =1

u 2 + 24 = 10u
u 2 ! 10u + 24 = 0
(u ! 6)(u ! 4) = 0

u = 6!or!u = 4
Both answers check.

CL 7-137.
The signs are alternating so this must be subtraction. By looking at the pattern on the
exponents, the powers of x are decreasing by 1 and the power of y are increasing by 2.
Therefore start with (ax ! by 2 )? . The missing power must be 7 because
x 5 (y 2 )2 !!!!!5 + 2 = 7 . Now use the binomial formula to find a and b.
! 7 # (ax)5 (by 2 )2 = 84x 5 y 4 ! 7 # (ax)4 (by 2 )3 = %280x 4 y 6
" 5$
" 4$
5
5
2
4
5
4
21a x b y = 84x y
%35a 4 x 4 b 3 y 6 = %280x 4 y 6
a 5b 2 = 4
a 4b 3 = 8
Dividing the 2 new equations yields: ba = 12 !!or!!2a = b .
Substitute: a 5b 2 = 4
a 5 (2a)2 = 4
4a 7 = 4
a = 1!!!!!b = 2

CPM Educational Program 2012

Therefore the binomial is (x ! 2y 2 )7 .

Chapter 7: Page 32

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

CL 7-138.
a.
The series is arithmetic with a difference of 0.5.
There are 161 terms in the series.

b.

c.

an = 10 + 0.5(n ! 1)
90 = 10 + 0.5(n ! 1)
80 = 0.5(n ! 1)
161(10+90)
S161 =
= 8050
160 = n ! 1
2
161 = n
The series is geometric with a ratio of 1.05. There are 21 terms in the series.
an = 20(1.05)n!1
20(1.05)20 = 20(1.05)n!1
20 = n ! 1
21 = n
The series is geometric with a ratio of ! 12 .
There are 7 terms in the series.

S7 =

( )
( )

7%
"
400 $ 1! ! 1 '
2 &
#
1
1! !
2

= 268.75

S21 =

= 714.385

( 12 )
n!1
6.25 = 400 ( ! 12 )
1 = ! 1 n!1
64 ( 2 )
6
n!1
( 12 ) = ( ! 12 )
n!1

an = 400 !

6 = n !1
7=n

7-139.
After 1 hour the area of the base = 81!
5
9

20(1!1.05 21 )
1!1.05

12
base radius (x)

5x = 108
x = 21.6
After 3 hours the area of the base = 1465.74 ft 2
CL 7-140.

x 2 ! 4x + y 2 + 6y = 12

slope =

x 2 ! 4x + 4 + y 2 + 6y + 9 = 12 + 4 + 9

5!3x 32
3x

=k

5!9 = k
k = 45

b.

4
3

" slope = !

(x ! 2)2 + (y + 3)3 = 25
Center (2, 3)
CL 7-141.
a.
5 ! 3(x+2) = k ! 3x

1!(!3)
5!2

3
4

y ! 1 = ! 43 (x ! 5)!!or!!y + 3 = ! 43 (x ! 2)

6 ! 2(x+ k) = 24 ! 2 x
6!2 x 2 k
2x
6 ! 2k

= 24
= 24

2k = 4
k=2

c.

20 ! 2 3x"1 = 10 ! k x
2 ! 2 3x"1 = k x
2(3x"1)+1 = k x
2 3x = k x

( 2 3 )x = k x
8x = k x
k=8

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 33

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Note: x ! 0

CPM Educational Program 2012

Chapter 7: Page 34

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

CL 7-142.
1+cos(2 x)
a.
=
sin(2 x)
1+1!2 sin 2 x
2 sin x cos x
2!2 sin 2 x
2 sin x cos x
1!sin 2 x
sin x cos x
cos2 x
sin x cos x
cos x
sin x

b.

( 4x ) ! sin2 ( 4x ) =
cos ( 2 ( 4x ) ) = cos ( 2x )
cos2

=
=
=
= cot x

(1 + cot 2 y)(cos 2y + 1) =

c.

!
#" 1 +

cos2 y $
&
sin 2 y %

( cos2 y ' sin2 y + 1) =

cos2 y
sin 2 y

1 ' sin 2 y +

cos 4 y+cos2 y
sin 2 y

cos2 y +

cos 4 y+cos2 y
sin 2 y

cos2 y sin 2 y+cos 4 y+cos2 y

sin 2 y

cos2 y(sin 2 y+cos2 y+1)

sin 2 y

cos2 y ' sin 2 y + 1 +

cos 4 y
sin 2 y

' cos2 y +

cos2 y(2)
sin 2 y

CPM Educational Program 2012

= 2 cot 2 y

Chapter 7: Page 35

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry