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Chapter 1: Interference

The document discusses the key components and concepts related to measurement systems and experimental testing. It covers the stages of a measurement system including sensors, transducers, signal conditioning and outputs. It also discusses developing an experimental test plan, variables, noise vs interference, calibration procedures, and metrics for evaluating measurement systems including accuracy, precision, bias error and uncertainty.

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Calen McLean
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52 views2 pages

Chapter 1: Interference

The document discusses the key components and concepts related to measurement systems and experimental testing. It covers the stages of a measurement system including sensors, transducers, signal conditioning and outputs. It also discusses developing an experimental test plan, variables, noise vs interference, calibration procedures, and metrics for evaluating measurement systems including accuracy, precision, bias error and uncertainty.

Uploaded by

Calen McLean
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter

1
Stages of measurement systems
Sensor: senses physical variable
being measured
Transducer: converts sensor
signal into useful/detectable
signal
Signal conditioning: modifies
transducer signal (amplifier,
filter,etc.)
Output: provides indication of
measurement
Control (feedback): often feeds
information to a process to
change input

Experimental Test Plan
1- Parameters: What question am I answering, what needs to be measured, what parameters or variables
are involved?
2- System and tolerance: What ways can I measure this, how good do the results need to be?
3- Analysis: How will I interpret the results, how good is my answer, does it make sense?

Variables
Independent: changes in others = no affect
Dependent: changes in others = affect
Discrete: can only take on finite number of values (A/D 10 bit => 1024 values)
Continuous: any value in a range
Extraneous: not controlled during measurement but affect output

Noise vs. Interference
Noise: a random variable (requires statistical description)
stochastic: randomly determined.
Interference
Interference: produces undesirable deterministic trends.

Noise







Calibration
Apply a known input (standard) to observe the system output
Fitting a line, curve, spline, etc. to calibration data to determine
functional relationship between input and output signals.
Static: variables remain constant through measurement
Dynamic: variables change during measurement (determine
useful frequency range)
Static Sensitivity: slope (K) of a static calibration curve.
! =

!"(!! )
!"

. Must evaluate the slope of the curve.

Range: minimum to maximum measureable (input and/or output).


Resolution: smallest increment in the measured value that can be discerned.




Accuracy: measure of absolute error = true value indicated value.
% relative accuracy => = 1

!"#$ !"#$%

100 [this requires knowledge of true value i.e., calibration]

Precision: measure of repeatability (does not require calibration)


Bias error: difference between average and true value (aka systematic error)

Precise

Accurate and Precise

Neither


Uncertainty
Combined estimate of range of error in a measurement due to instruments, random, systematic, calibration
etc.
Examples of Instrument Error:

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