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    PHB2 PV

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    Marusan Petpookaew
    AWS cannot guarantee that the data in this guide is error free. This guide is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the topic. It is important to distinguish between the words 'discontinuity' and 'defect'

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    PHB2 PV

    Uploaded by

    Marusan Petpookaew
    561 views5 pages
    AWS cannot guarantee that the data in this guide is error free. This guide is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the topic. It is important to distinguish between the words 'discontinuity' and 'defect'

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    PHB2-PV

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    AWS cannot guarantee that the data in this guide is error free. This guide is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the topic. It is important to distinguish between the words 'discontinuity' and 'defect'

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    561 views5 pages

    PHB2 PV

    Uploaded by

    Marusan Petpookaew
    AWS cannot guarantee that the data in this guide is error free. This guide is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the topic. It is important to distinguish between the words 'discontinuity' and 'defect'

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 5

    The Everyday

    Pocket Handbook for


    Visual Inspection and
    Weld Discontinuities
    Causes and Remedies
    Number 2 in a series

    Compiled as a useful tool for


    on-the-job welding personnel by the
    AWS Product Development Committee
    1

    (Edited by Ted V. Weber, Principal Consultant, Weber & Associates)


    1996 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved
    Printed in the United States of America
    Reprinted 2000

    NOTE: Although care was taken in choosing and presenting the data in this guide, AWS cannot guarantee that it is
    error free. Further, this guide is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the topic and therefore may not include all
    available information, including with respect to safety and health issues. By publishing this guide, AWS does not insure
    anyone using the information it contains against any liability or injury to property or persons arising from that use.
    2

    Table of Contents
    Basic Safety Precautions ...........................................4
    Visual Inspection Notes ............................................6
    Discontinuity Types:
    Cracks ..................................................................7
    Inclusions ...........................................................10
    Incomplete Fusion..............................................12
    Incomplete Joint Penetration .............................14
    Overlap...............................................................16
    Porosity ..............................................................18
    Undercut.............................................................20
    Weld Profiles .....................................................22
    Fillet Weld Measurement........................................25
    Dimensional Considerations ...................................26
    Plate and Pipe Dimensions......................................29
    Metric Conversion Table.........................................30
    Nondestructive Testing Symbols ............................31

    Visual Inspection Notes


    It is important to distinguish between the words discontinuity and defect. Discontinuity refers to An
    interruption of the typical structure of a material,
    such as a lack of homogeneity in its mechanical,
    metallurgical, or physical characteristics; a discontinuity is not necessarily a defect. A defect
    refers to A condition, or conditions, that render a
    part unable to meet applicable minimum acceptance standards or specifications. All defects are
    discontinuities, but not all discontinuities are defects.
    A defect can be considered a rejectable discontinuity.

    Visual Inspection is a very effective inspection


    method, and it should be the primary method
    included in any effective Quality Control Program. It
    has been shown repeatedly that, Visual inspection,
    conducted by properly trained inspectors, results
    in the discovery of the vast majority of those
    defects which would only be discovered later by
    some more expensive nondestructive test method.
    While visual inspection is limited to materials
    surface-only examination, it often detects the most
    damaging defects. Visual inspection [abbreviated
    VT by the American Society for Nondestructive
    Testing (ASNT)] of welded components requires
    inspectors to have a broad knowledge of many technologies, including welding, destructive testing, nondestructive testing, and metallurgy, as well as the
    correct terminology for each.

    This pocket handbook provides a convenient source


    for the most common base metal and weld metal
    discontinuities found by effective VT. The handbook
    is arranged by discontinuity type, including applicable VT detection methods, and likely causes and
    remedies in addition to suggested repair methods.

    Cracks
    A crack is defined as A fracture type discontinuity characterized by a sharp tip and a high ratio of length
    and width to opening displacement. Cracks are usually considered the most severe discontinuity because of
    their tendency to propagate under stress. Cracks are usually further described by their location geometry, time of
    occurrence, or common usage terms; see figure below for AWS crack terminology.
    LEGEND:

    (A)

    2 10 13

    13

    13

    1 CRATER CRACK
    2 FACE CRACK
    3 HEAT-AFFECTED
    ZONE CRACK
    4 LAMELLAR TEAR
    5 LONGITUDINAL CRACK
    6 ROOT CRACK

    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13

    ROOT SURFACE CRACK


    THROAT CRACK
    TOE CRACK
    TRANSVERSE CRACK
    UNDERBEAD CRACK
    WELD INTERFACE CRACK
    WELD METAL CRACK

    (B)
    1

    3 11

    12
    6 13
    7 13

    3
    4

    8 13

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