09 Science Notes Ch11 Work
09 Science Notes Ch11 Work
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Potential Energy)
Are Various Energy Forms Inter convertible?
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Energy
W= F x d cos q ( cos 00 = 1)
where F = force, d = displacement, and the angle (theta) is defined as the angle
between the force and the displacement vector
Negative Work
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James Joule
The metric system unit of energy is the joule (J), after James Joule.
Mechanical energy is the energy which is possessed by an object due to its motion or
its stored energy of position
Forms of Energy
Energy which a body possesses because of its motion, which occurs anywhere
from an atomic level to that of a whole organism
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an object can store energy as the result of its position or elastic source
Energy transformation involves the conversion of one form of energy into another form.
Examples of energy transformation include:
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Chemical Food is consumed and converted into motion for playing sports or taking
a test.
Radiant Sunlight is consumed by plants and converted into energy for growth.
Now you know the basic forms of energy. The next question is What are the energy
sources?
There are renewable and nonrenewable sources of energy. A renewable energy source
is a form of energy that is constantly and rapidly replenished by natural processes.
Examples of renewable energy sources include:
Geothermal The use of heat from within the Earth or from the atmosphere
near oceans to warm houses or other buildings
Solar The use of the sun as a source of heat; for instance, to heat a room within a
house, etc.
Energy Conversion
Examples
Fossil fuels Chemical Heat Mechanical Electrical
Solar cells Sunlight Electrical
Wind turbines Kinetic Mechanical Electrical
Hydroelectric Gravitational potential Mechanical Electrical
Nuclear
Vehicle
System Conversion
Mechanical
Heat
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Test Yourself
1. How much potential energy is lost by a 5Kg object to kinetic energy due a decrease in
height of 4.5 m.
KEf + PEf)
E0 = KE0 + PE0
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W
t
Watt is the base unit of Power
P=
Electrical Power
Mechanical Power
Fluid Power
P = W/t = F x d/t = F v
The unit joule is too small .The bigger unit of energy called kilowatt hour (kW h)
Test Yourself
1. A 5 Kg Cart is pushed by a 30 N force against friction for a distance of 10m in 5
seconds. Determine the Power needed to move the cart.
2. A student lifts a 50.0 pound (lb) ball 4.00 feet (ft) in 5 .00seconds (s). How many
watts of power are used to lift the ball?
Important Points for Work Problems:
Always draw a free-body diagram, choosing the positive x-axis in the same
direction as the displacement.
Work done by any force that is at right angles with displacement will be zero
(0).
For resultant work, you can add the works of each force, or multiply the
resultant force times the net displacement.
Dependant on height
Dependant on velocity
QUESTION BANK
One mark questions
1. Does work have a direction?
2. Does the kinetic energy of an object depend on its direction of motion?
3. Cam matter be converted into energy?
4. Give an example of conversion of chemical energy into heat energy.
Two marks questions
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1. Two persons do the same amount of work. The first person does it in 10 s and
the second, in 20 s.Find the ratio of the power used by the person to that by the
second person.
2. A body of mass 25 g has a momentum of 0.40 kgm/s.Find its kinetic energy.
3. Define work and write its units.
4. By what factor does the kinetic energy of an object depend on its direction of
motion?
Three marks questions
1. How much time will it take to perform 440 j of work at a rate of 11 W.
2. A body of mass 3.0kg and a body B of mass 10 kg are dropped simultaneously
from a height of 14.9m.Calculate their Momenta, their Potential energies and
kinetic energies when they are 10m above the ground.
3. lA man does 200j ofl work in 10 seconds and a boy does 100j of work in 4
seconds. Who is delivering more power? Find the Ratio of power delivered by the
man to that by the boy.
Five marks questions
1. Show that the work done by a force is given by the product of the force
and the projection of the displacement along the force.
2. Find the expression for gravitational potential energy of a body of mass m
at height h.
3. Why does a person standing for a long time get tired when he does not
appear to do any work?
4. How can you justify that a body kept at a greater height has larger
energy?
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