Cycle Q's

1. The efficiency of an Otto cycle is 60% and = 1.5. What is the compression ratio ?
2. The minimum pressure and temperature in an Otto cycle are 100 kPa and 27C. The
amount of heat added to the air per cycle is 1500 kJ/kg. (i) Determine the pressures and
temperatures at all points of the air standard Otto cycle. (ii) Also calculate the specific
work and thermal efficiency of the cycle for a compression ratio of 8 : 1.
Take for air : cv = 0.72 kJ/kg K, and = 1.4.
3. A In a constant volume Otto cycle, the pressure at the end of compression is 15 times
that at the start, the temperature of air at the beginning of compression is 38C and
maximum temperature attained in the cycle is 1950C. Determine :
a. Compression ratio.
b. Thermal efficiency of the cycle.
c. Work done.
Take for air = 1.4.
4. For the same compression ratio, show that the efficiency of Otto cycle is greater than that
of Diesel cycle.
5. A diesel engine has a compression ratio of 15 and heat addition at constant pressure takes
place at 6% of stroke. Find the air standard efficiency of the engine. Take for air as 1.4.
Mean effective pressure pm,otto is given by

Mean effective pressure pm,diesel is given by
6. An engine with 200 mm cylinder diameter and 300 mm stroke works on theoretical
Diesel cycle. The initial pressure and temperature of air used are 1 bar and 27C. The cutoff is 8% of the stroke. Determine :
i.
Pressures and temperatures at all salient points.
ii.
Theoretical air standard efficiency.
iii.
Mean effective pressure.
iv. Power of the engine if the working cycles per minute are 380.
Assume that compression ratio is 15 and working fluid is air. Consider all conditions to be
ideal.
7. A gas turbine is supplied with gas at 5 bar and 1000 K and expands it adiabatically to 1
bar. The mean specific heat at constant pressure and constant volume are 1.0425 kJ/kg K
and 0.7662 kJ/kg K respectively.
i.
Draw the temperature-entropy diagram to represent the processes of the simple
gas turbine system.
ii.
Calculate the power developed in kW per kg of gas per second and the exhaust
gas temperature.
8. In a gas turbine plant working on Brayton cycle, the air at inlet is 27C, 0.1 MPa. The pressure
ratio is 6.25 and the maximum temperature is 800C. The turbine and compressor efficiencies are
each 80%. Find compressor work, turbine work, heat supplied, cycle efficiency and turbine
exhaust temperature. Mass of air may be considered as 1 kg. Draw T-s diagram.
9. The air enters the compressor of an open cycle constant pressure gas turbine at a pressure
of 1 bar and temperature of 20C. The pressure of the air after compression is 4 bar. The
isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine are 80% and 85% respectively. The airfuel ratio used is 90 : 1. If flow rate of air is 3.0 kg/s, find :
i.
Power developed.
ii.
Thermal efficiency of the cycle.
Assume cp = 1.0 kJ/kg K and = 1.4 for air and gases.
Calorific value of fuel = 41800 kJ/kg.
10. A 5400 kW gas turbine generating set operates with two compressor stages, the overall
pressure ratio is 9 : 1. A high pressure turbine is used to drive the compressors, and a lowpressure turbine drives the generator. The temperature of the gases at entry to the high
pressure turbine is 625C and the gases are reheated to 625C after expansion in the first
turbine. The exhaust gases leaving the low-pressure turbine are passed through a heat
exchanger to heat the air leaving the high pressure stage compressor. The compressors
have equal pressure ratios and intercooling is complete between the stages. The air inlet
temperature to the unit is 20C. The isentropic efficiency of each compressor stage is 0.8,
and the isentropic efficiency of each turbine stage is 0.85, the heat exchanger thermal
ratio is 0.8. A mechanical efficiency of 95% can be assumed for both the power shaft and
compressor turbine shaft. Neglecting all pressure losses and changes in kinetic energy
calculate :
i.
The thermal efficiency (ii) Work ratio of the plant
ii.
The mass flow in kg/s.
Neglect the mass of the fuel and assume the following :
For air : cpa = 1.005 kJ/kg K and = 1.4. For gases in the combustion chamber and in
turbines and heat exchanger, cpg = 1.15 kJ/kg K and = 1.333.
11. In a closed cycle gas turbine there is a two stage compressor and a two stage turbine. All
the components are mounted on the same shaft. The pressure and temperature at the inlet
of the first stage compressor are 1.5 bar and 20C. The maximum cycle temperature and
pressure are limited to 750C and 6 bar. A perfect intercooler is used between the two
stage compressors and a reheater is used between the two turbines. Gases are heated in
the reheater to 750C before entering into the L.P. turbine. Assuming the compressor and
turbine efficiencies as 0.82, calculate :
(i) The efficiency of the cycle without regenerator.
(ii) The efficiency of the cycle with a regenerator whose effectiveness is 0.70.
(iii) The mass of the fluid circulated if the power developed by the plant is 350 kW.
The working fluid used in the cycle is air. For air : = 1.4 and cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K.

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1. The efficiency of an Otto cycle is 60% and = 1.5. What is the compression ratio ?

Mean effective pressure pm,otto is given by

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