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Computer: Functioning

A computer is an electronic device that processes data through input, central processing, storage, and output components. It consists of both hardware physical elements like keyboards, monitors, and chips, as well as software programs and operating systems that control the hardware and allow users to perform tasks. A computer requires both hardware and software to function, with the software loading from storage devices into memory to tell the hardware what to do. Common components include the central processing unit that acts as the brain, memory for storage, input devices like keyboards, and output devices such as monitors.

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49 views

Computer: Functioning

A computer is an electronic device that processes data through input, central processing, storage, and output components. It consists of both hardware physical elements like keyboards, monitors, and chips, as well as software programs and operating systems that control the hardware and allow users to perform tasks. A computer requires both hardware and software to function, with the software loading from storage devices into memory to tell the hardware what to do. Common components include the central processing unit that acts as the brain, memory for storage, input devices like keyboards, and output devices such as monitors.

Uploaded by

Vineeth Vs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER

Computer is an electronic device or programmable machine that manipulates information or data


(input) and produces the result (output). It has the ability of storing, retrieving and processing the
data. It is composed of hardware and software in it.
Functioning

Input Devices Access the data


Central Processing Unit (CPU) Process the data
Output Devices- Produces the result
Storage Devices (RAM) Stores the result
Hope!! You understood this concept how computer access the data (input) and provides the
output using some major components. Explanation is given for each and every component at
below
HARDWARE
Term hardware refers to physical components or elements of the computer like keyboard, Mouse,
Monitor, Printer, Disk and Chips

SOFTWARE
Term Software refers to set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do.

Software will be loaded from Disk to RAM (Random Access Memory)

Some of the examples are Games, web browsers and word processors such as
Microsoft word

Can a computer run without software???

Yes, it is possible .But if u wants to create some documents and power points you need
some softwares.

For example if you want to create a document you need word processor

Software will give some additional capabilities to your computer


HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Internal hardware components

CPU

Mother Board

RAM

Sound Card

Video Card

Hard Drive

DVD

External Hardware components

Keyboard

Mouse

Printer

Scanner

Monitor

Speakers

Input Devices (accesses the data)


Devices which helps us to interact with computer is nothing but input devices
Ex: Keyboard and Mouse
Output Devices (provides the output)
Devices which sends back the information to you is nothing but Output Devices
Ex: Monitor and Printer

Central Processing Unit (processes the data)


Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Central Processing Unit is also called as the Brain of the Computer or Main
Processor which controls all the systems inner functions.

It is very easy to replace because it is inserted into the socket and is not soldered onto
the motherboard

A computer may contain more than one CPU which is nothing but MULTIPROCESSING
Two main parts of CPU are

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Control Unit (CU).

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): ALU is also called as basic building blocks of Central
Processing Unit, which performs all arithmetic and logical operations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division
Control Unit (CU): Control Unit controls the entire processing. It helps in the communication
between Memory and ALU

Memory (stores the result)


A place where we can store the data or set of instructions to access them while performing the
operations
There are two types of memories (storage devices)

RAM (Random Access Memory)

ROM (Read Only Memory)

RAM (Random Access Memory)


RAM (Random Access Memory) is one of the storage devices which performs both read and
write operations. But RAM is Volatile in nature it loses the data when there is no power supply. It
is fast while programming when compared to ROM
There are two types of RAM

DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)

SRAM ( Static Random Access Memory)

ROM (Read Only Memory)


Main advantage of ROM is that we can easily alter the data or reprogrammable. Advantage of
ROM is Non Volatile in nature which does not loses any data when there is no power supply.
Motherboard may consist of more than one ROM chips.
Types of ROM

ROM- Read only Memory

PROM- Programmable Read only Memory

EPROM- Erasable Programmable Read only Memory

EEPROM- Electrically Erasable Programmable Read only Memory

Flash EEPROM memory

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY(RAM)

READ ONLY MEMORY(ROM)

Volatile

Non-Volatile

Both Read and Write

Only Read

Data is Temporary

Data is Permanent(Reusable)

Faster While Programming

Slower

High Cost

Low Cost

Larger in Size

Smaller in Size

OPERATING SYSTEMS (OS)


Operating System is a type of software that allows computer hardware to communicate with
software. A computer without OS is a mere machine
Ex: DOS (Disk Operating System), Linux, Solaris
Types of operating systems
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
GUI is an interface, which allows us to interact with electronic devices like mobiles, gaming
devices and Mp3 players using some graphical icons
Ex:Windows 98, Windows CE, System 7.X
Multi-user operating system
Application software which allows multiple users to access the computer with time sharing
system
Ex: Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000
Multiprocessor operating system
An operating system which supports the utilization of two or more processors on single computer
Ex: Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000
Multi-Tasking
An operating system which supports multiple processes at the time Ex: Unix, Windows 2000
Multithreading
This operating system will allows the software to perform some parts of program to run
concurrently
Ex: Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000

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