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Endurance Limit

This document is a seminar report on endurance limit that was submitted to a professor. It includes an abstract, introduction, theory, experimental view, endurance limit estimation, advantages, disadvantages and conclusion sections. The abstract indicates that the concept of endurance limit was introduced in 1870 but recent research suggests endurance limits may not exist if enough stress cycles are applied. The introduction defines terms like fatigue strength, fatigue limit and endurance limit. The theory section explains that endurance limit is the maximum stress amplitude a material can withstand without failure for an unlimited number of cycles. The experimental view describes how endurance limits are determined using a rotating beam machine that subjects specimens to completely reversed stresses.

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714 views9 pages

Endurance Limit

This document is a seminar report on endurance limit that was submitted to a professor. It includes an abstract, introduction, theory, experimental view, endurance limit estimation, advantages, disadvantages and conclusion sections. The abstract indicates that the concept of endurance limit was introduced in 1870 but recent research suggests endurance limits may not exist if enough stress cycles are applied. The introduction defines terms like fatigue strength, fatigue limit and endurance limit. The theory section explains that endurance limit is the maximum stress amplitude a material can withstand without failure for an unlimited number of cycles. The experimental view describes how endurance limits are determined using a rotating beam machine that subjects specimens to completely reversed stresses.

Uploaded by

sebin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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A

SEMINAR REPORT
ON

ENDURANCE LIMIT

Submitted to -:

Submitted by-:

Mr. NARENDRA KASHYAP

AJEET SINGH (1004640013)


AJAY KUMAR (1004640008)
AJIT PAL (1004640010)
ABHISHEK KUMAR(1004640003)
K.JSEBIN(1004640040)

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT


MAHARANA PRATAP ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KANPUR (2012-13)

[1]

INDEX
SR.NO.

CONTENTS

PAGE NO

1:-

Abstract....01

2:-

Introduction......02

3:-

Theory.......................................................03

4:-

Experimental view....04

5:-

Endurance limit Estimation......................................................................05

6:-

Advantage.06

7:-

Disadvantage.06

8:-

Conclusion ....06

9:-

References.06

[2]

ABSTRACT

The concept of endurance limit was introduced in 1870 by August Wohler However, recent
research suggests that endurance limits do not actually exist, that if enough stress cycles are
performed, even the smallest stress will produce fatigue failure.

[3]

INTRODUCTION:-

The ASTM defines fatigue strength, Sf as the value of stress at which failure occurs after Nf
cycles, and fatigue limit, Sf, as the limiting value of stress at which failure occurs as Nf becomes
very large. ASTM does not define endurance limit, the stress value below which the material
will withstand many load cycles, but implies that it is similar to fatigue limit.
Some authors use endurance limit, Se, for the stress below which failure never occurs, even for
an indefinitely large number of loading cycles, as in the case of steel and fatigue
limit or fatigue strength, Sf, for the stress at which failure occurs after a specified number of
loading cycles, such as 500 million, as in the case of aluminium Other authors do not
differentiate between the expressions even if they do differentiate between the two types of
materials.

[4]

THEORY:The fatigue or endurance limit of a material is defined as the maximum amplitude of


completely reversed stress that the standard specimen can sustain for an unlimited number of
cycles without fatigue failure.
Since the fatigue test cannot be conducted for unlimited or infinite number of cycles, 10 cycles
is considered as a sufficient number of cycles to define the endurance limit.
There is another term called fatigue life, which is frequently used with endurance limit. The
fatigue life is defined as the number of stress cycles that the standard specimen can complete
during the test before the appearance of the first fatigue cracks.

[5]

EXPERIMENTAL VIEW:The dimensions of standard test specimen (in mm) are shown in Fig 1.2.The specimen is
carefully machined and polished. The final polishing is done in axial direction in order to avoid
circumferential scratches. In the laboratory, the endurance limit is determined by means of a
rotating beam machine developed by R.R Moore. A beam of circular cross-section is subjected
to bending moment. Under the action of bending moment, tensile stresses are induced in upper
half of the beam and compressive stresses in the lower half.

The maximum tensile stress in the uppermost fiber is equal to the maximum compressive stress
in lowermost fibre.There are zero stress at all fibers in the central horizontal plane passing
through the axis of beam. The specimen acts as a rotating beam subjected to a bending
moment. Therefore, it is subjected to a completely reversed stress cycle. Changing the bending
moment by adding or deleting of weights can vary the stress amplitude. The number of
revolutions before the appearance of the first fatigue crack is recorded on a revolution counter.
In each test, two readings are taken, viz., stress amplitude(S) and number of stress cycles
(N).These readings are used as two co-ordinates for plotting a point on the S-N diagram. This
[6]

point is called failure point. To determine the endurance limit of a material, a number of tests
are to be carried out.
The magnitude of this stress amplitude at 10 cycles represents the endurance limit of the
material.

ENDURANCE LIMITS ESTIMATION:When the laboratory data regarding the endurance limit of the materials is not available, the
procedure discussed in this article should be adopted.
Two separate notations are used for endurance limit, viz, (S ) and (S ) where,
S= endurance limit stress of a rotating beam specimen subjected to reversed bending stress
(N/mm)
S= endurance limit stress of a particular mechanical component subjected to reversed bending
stress (N/mm)
There is an approximate relationship between the endurance limit and the ultimate tensile
strength(S ) of the material.
For steels,

S=0.5S

For cast iron and cost steels,

S=0.4S

For wrought aluminum alloys,

S=0.4S

For cast aluminum alloys,

S=.3S

The relationship between(S ) and (S ) is given as;


S = K K K K S
Where,
K =surface finish factor
K =size factor
[7]

K =reliability factor
K =modifying factor to account for stress concentration.

ADVANTAGE:1-Endurance limit helps in design for mechanical element for dynamic load.
2-Endurance limit helps to determine the life cycle of mechanical component.
3-It never occurs in static loading.

DISADVANTAGE:1-In endurance limit stresses are concentrates at region of discontinuity such as oil hols,
keyway etc.
2-In endurance limit there is no plastic flow prior to fracture.

CONCLUSION:The endurance limit, in a true sense, is not exactly a property of material like ultimate tensile
strength.
It is affected by factors such as the size of the component, shape of the component, the surface
finish, temperature and the notch sensitivity of the materials.

REFERANCES:1-V.B BHANDARI
2-SCIENCEDIRECT.COM
3-WIKIPEDIA.ORG.COM
[8]

[9]

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