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SOLUTION of TEST 3: Math 211 - Multivariate Calculus

1. The document provides solutions to 5 problems from a multivariate calculus exam. 2. For problem 1, the limit of an expression is evaluated along different paths, showing the limit does not exist. For problem 2, partial derivatives are taken of an expression using the chain rule. 3. Problems 3, 4, and 5 involve using information from tables or functions to find approximations, estimates, critical points, and determine the direction of steepest increase or paths of constant depth for different multivariate expressions.

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Nikhil Minhas
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46 views2 pages

SOLUTION of TEST 3: Math 211 - Multivariate Calculus

1. The document provides solutions to 5 problems from a multivariate calculus exam. 2. For problem 1, the limit of an expression is evaluated along different paths, showing the limit does not exist. For problem 2, partial derivatives are taken of an expression using the chain rule. 3. Problems 3, 4, and 5 involve using information from tables or functions to find approximations, estimates, critical points, and determine the direction of steepest increase or paths of constant depth for different multivariate expressions.

Uploaded by

Nikhil Minhas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOLUTION of TEST 3: Math 211 - Multivariate Calculus- Spring 2003

Problem 1. Find the limit if it exists, or show why it does not exist.
1.

x4 + y 4
(x,y)(0,0) (x2 + y 2 )2
lim

Along the x-axis, y = 0 so

x4
x4
x4 + y 4
x4 + 04
=
lim
= lim 2 2 = lim 4 = 1
2
2
2
2
2
2
x0 (x )
x0 x
(x,0)(0,0) (x + 0 )
(x,y)(0,0) (x + y )
lim

x4 + y 4
x4 + x4
2x4
2x4
2
1
=
lim
=
lim
=
lim
= =
x0 (2x2 )2
x0 4x4
4
2
(x,y)(0,0) (x2 + y 2 )2
(x,x)(0,0) (x2 + x2 )2
Therefore the limit does not exist since we have different limits along two different paths.
y
2.
lim
(x,y)(0,0) x3 + y
y
0
Along the x-axis, y = 0 so
lim
=
lim
= lim 0 = 0
3
3
x0
(x,y)(0,0) x + y
(x,0)(0,0) x + 0
Along the line x = y,

lim

y
x3
x3
1
=
lim
=
lim
=
3
3
x0 2x3
+ y (x,x3 )(0,0) x + x
2
Therefore the limit does not exist since we have different limits along two different paths.
Along the curve y = x3 ,

3.

lim

(x,y)(0,0) x3

sin(x2 y 2 )
(x,y)(0,0) (x2 y 2 )
lim

We put u = x2 y 2 because it is a repeated term. Therefore


sin(x2 y 2 )
sin u
lim
= lim
= 1 by using the Hospitals rule.
2
2
u0 u
(x,y)(0,0) (x y )

Problem 2. If z = x2 y, and x = eu , y = euv , use the chain rule to find

z
2z
and
at u = 0 and v = 1.
v
uv

z x z y
z
z
=0
=
+
= 2xy(0) + x2 ueuv = x2 ueuv . For u = 0 and v = 1,
v
v
x v
y v
2z
(x2 ueuv )
x
ueuv
=
= 2x (x2 ueuv ) + x2
= 2xeu (ueuv ) + x2 (euv + u2 ev ). For u = 0 and v = 1,
uv
u
u
u
2z
x = e0 = 1 =
=1
uv

Problem 3.

The following table gives values of the revenue


function z = f (x, y) from ticket sales (in dollars),
where x is the number of full-price tickets,
and y is the number of discount tickets:

y x
200
400
600
800

100
39,700
55,500
71,300
87,100

1. Estimate fx (200, 600) and fy (200, 600).


f (x, 600) f (200, 600)
f (300, 600) f (200, 600)

= 239
x 200
300 200
f (200, y) f (200, 600)
f (200, 800) f (200, 600)
fy (200, 600) = lim

= 79
y200
y 600
800 600

fx (200, 600) = lim

x200

2. Give then the linear approximation of f (x, y) near x = 200 and y = 600.
With c = f (a, b) = f (200, 600) = 95, 200, we have
L(x, y) = c + fx (a, b) (x a) + fy (a, b) (y b) = 95, 200 + 239(x 200) + 79(y 600)
3. Use the previous question to estimate the value of f (220, 610).
f (220, 610) L(220, 610) = 95, 200 + 239(220 200) + 80(610 600) = 100, 770

200
63,600
79,400
95,200
111,000

300
87,500
103,300
119,100
134,900

Problem 4. The depth of a pond at the point (x, y) is given by h(x, y) = 2x2 + 3y 2 feet, where x and y
are measured in feet.
1. If a boat at the point (1, 2) is sailing in the direction v = 4i + j, is the water getting deeper or
shallower?
The gradient of h at the point (1, 2) is h = hhx , hy i = h4x, 6yi = h4, 12i.
v = h4, 1i, and a unit vector in this direction is u =
derivative at (1, 2) in the direction of v is given by

v
|v|

1
h4, 1i
42 +1

1 h4, 1i
17

. Therefore, the directional


4
1
Du h(0, 1) = h u = h4, 12i h4, 1i =
17
17

Since it is negative, it follows that h is decreasing, so the water is shallower.


2. From the point (1, 2), in which direction should the boat move for the depth to increase the
fastest? at what rate?

In the direction of the gradient vector h(1, 2) = h4, 12i, at the rate |h(1, 2)| = 160
3. From the point (1, 2), in which direction should the boat move for the depth to remain constant?
(Give the direction in term of a vector or a line)
To keep the depth constant we should proceed tangent to the level curve, so perpendicular to the gradient
h(1, 2) = h4, 12i. If we call w = ha, bi this direction, then h4, 12i ha, bi = 0. Therefore 4a + 12b = 0. In
particular for a = 12 and b = 4 (we can choose any fixed non-zero value for b and determine the corresponding
a, or vice-versa).
Thus we should proceed in the any direction parallel to the vector w = h12, 4i .

Problem 5. Find all the critical points of f (x, y) = 3xy x2 y xy 2 .

fx (x, y) = 3y 2xy y = y(3 2x y) = 0 = y = 0 or 3 2x y = 0


and

fy (x, y) = 3x x2 2xy = x(3 x 2y) = 0 = x = 0 or 3 x 2y = 0


1. If y = 0 from the first row and x = 0 from the second row, we get the point

(0, 0)

as a critical point.

2. If y = 0 from the first row and 3 x 2y = 0from the second row, then by substitution we get 3 x = 0, so
x = 3. Thus (3, 0) .
3. If 3 2x y = 0 and x = 0, then by substitution 3 y = 0, so y = 3. Thus

(0, 3) .

y = 3 2(1) = 1
3 2x y = 0 y = 3 2x
4. If
. Thus
and

3 x 2y = 0 3 x 2(3 2x) = 0 3 + 3x = 0 x = 1

(1, 1)

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