Shader Programming
Stefan Seipel,
[email protected]Examples
Per-pixel lighting
Texture convolution filtering
Post-processing, animated procedural textures
Vertex displacement mapping
Fragment shader Mandelbrot set
Animation
Direct volume rendering
The OpenGL pipeline
OpenGL 1.4
connec
tivity
vertex
transform &
lighting
primitive
assembly
texture
rasterization
fog,
texturing
blending, depth, stencil
framebuffer
OpenGL 2.1
connec
tivity
vertex
shader
primitive
assembly
VBO
rasterization
fragment
shader
texture
framebuffer
blending, depth, stencil
Shader processing
Parallel processing
vertices: properties
vertex scheduler
vertex processors
vertices: positions, properties
rasterizer
fragments: positions, properties
fragment processors
fragments: colors
framebuffer
Vertex shader
vertices: properties
vertex processors
vertices: positions, properties
Transform
Animation
Per-vertex lighting
Displacement
Mostly: Parameter setup for fragments
Can not modify topology
No access to other vertices
Fragment shader
fragments: positions, properties
fragment processors
fragments: colors
Per-pixel lighting
Texturing
Compositing
Filtering
Fog
Can not read or write pixels
No access to other fragments
Simple example
Per-pixel lighting
Vertex shader
varying vec3 normal, color, pos;
void main()
{
color = gl_Color.rgb;
normal = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal);
pos = vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex);
gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
}
Vertex shader
varying vec3 normal, color, pos;
uniform (prog. to vertex, per primitive)
attribute (prog. to vertex, per vertex)
varying (vertex to fragment)
void main()
{
color = gl_Color.rgb;
normal = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal);
pos = vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex);
gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
}
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Vertex shader
varying vec3 normal, color, pos;
int, float, bool (basic types)
vec2, vec3, vec4 (2,3,4d vector)
mat2, mat3, mat4 (2,3,4d float matrix)
void main()
ivec3, bvec4, etc. (vectors only)
{
color = gl_Color.rgb;
normal = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal);
pos = vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex);
gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
}
Vertex shader
varying vec3 normal, color, pos;
void main()
{
color = gl_Color.rgb;
normal = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal);
pos = vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex);
gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
}
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Vertex shader
varying vec3 normal, color, pos;
vertex shader built-in attributes
writing to gl_Position is mandatory
void main()
{
color = gl_Color.rgb;
normal = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal);
pos = vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex);
gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
}
Vertex shader
varying vec3 normal, color, pos;
built-in uniforms
void main()
{
color = gl_Color.rgb;
normal = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal);
pos = vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex);
gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
}
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Fragment shader
uniform float shininess;
varying vec3 normal, color, pos;
void main()
{
vec3 nlight = normalize(gl_LightSource[0].position.xyz - pos);
vec3 neye = normalize(-pos);
vec3 nnormal = normalize(normal);
vec3 nhalf = normalize(neye + nlight);
float diff = max(0.0, dot(nlight, nnormal));
float spec = diff > 0.0 ? pow(dot(nhalf, nnormal), shininess) : 0.0;
gl_FragColor = vec4(color * diff + spec, 1);
}
Fragment shader
uniform float shininess;
varying vec3 normal, color, pos;
built-in functions
void main()
{
vec3 nlight = normalize(gl_LightSource[0].position.xyz - pos);
vec3 neye = normalize(-pos);
vec3 nnormal = normalize(normal);
vec3 nhalf = normalize(neye + nlight);
float diff = max(0.0, dot(nlight, nnormal));
float spec = diff > 0.0 ? pow(dot(nhalf, nnormal), shininess) : 0.0;
gl_FragColor = vec4(color * diff + spec, 1);
}
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Fragment shader
uniform float shininess;
varying vec3 normal, color, pos;
writing to gl_FragColor or
gl_FragData[] is mandatory
void main()
{
vec3 nlight = normalize(gl_LightSource[0].position.xyz - pos);
vec3 neye = normalize(-pos);
vec3 nnormal = normalize(normal);
vec3 nhalf = normalize(neye + nlight);
float diff = max(0.0, dot(nlight, nnormal));
float spec = diff > 0.0 ? pow(dot(nhalf, nnormal), shininess) : 0.0;
gl_FragColor = vec4(color * diff + spec, 1);
}
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