ABAPforFunctionalConsultants
AnthonyCecchini,President,INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PARTNERS
Founded in 1993, Women Owned 8(M), Small Business Certified with a GSA IT 70 Schedule,
we focus solely on SAP. IT Partners has 20 years of experience helping both large and midsize
companies, and Government Entities.
Anthony has 17 years of experience in SAP R/3 business process analysis and SAP systems
integration. His areas of expertise include SAP NetWeaver integration; ALE development;
RFC, BAPI, IDoc, Dialog, and Web Dynpro development; and customized Workflow development.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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CrackingtheCode
SAPconsultantscomeinallshapes
andsizesfromtheextremetechie
guysthatcanonlycommunicatein
binarycode,tothosesmoothtalking
giftofthegabsalesmanlike
functionalconsultantswhorunin
fearatthethoughtofdiscussing
anythingtechnical.Whenaproject
getsontheway,somehowthetwo
mustmeetandworktogether.Being
aTechie Iwanttohelpbridgethis
chasmandhelpfunctional
consultantsCracktheCodeand
gainsomefootingwiththis
presentation.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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FunctionalConsultant
ROLES
Afunctionalconsultantevaluatesthe
demandsintalkingwiththecustomer's
representatives,transformstheessence
intoanabstractandalgorithmicbusiness
model.Hence,he/sheidentifiestheuse
casesandtransformsthemintological
views.
Thenthemaintaskstarts:customizingthe
respectivebusinessareaandmakingsure
thesystemreactsinthemanneraccording
totheconstraintsoftherequesteduse
case.
AlongwiththisanSAPfunctional
consultantneedstodevelopfunctional
specifications.
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TechnicalConsultant
ROLES
Technicalconsultantsplanthetechnical
requirementsforanobjectwiththe
FunctionalConsultantandthemanager
ofthetechnicalteamandthencarryout
therequiredtechnicaltasksinthe
system.Dependingonthescopeand
complexityoftheimplementation,
technicalconsultantsmayworkin
severalareas,forexample,system
administration,databaseadministration,
networkadministration,operating
systemadministration,developmentof
crossapplicationcomponents,orABAP
Development.
AlongwiththisanSAPTechnical
consultantneedstodevelopTechnical
specifications.
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GAPANALYSIS
WhiletheFunctionalConsultantdefines
andisolatestheGAPintheUseCase,the
TechnicalConsultantdecidesthebest
TechnicalRealizationinachievingthe
Goalorendstatedesired.
Myassertionis,thequality,stability,and
overallintegrityoftheprocessis
increased(x)foldbycollaborationfrom
starttofinish.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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Whatwillwediscuss?
ABAP
ClientServerArchitecture
ABAPRepository
ABAPWorkbench
IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
DataDictionary
Structures
InternalTables
TransparentTables
UserExitsandBadi's
ALE&IDocs
ABAPDebugger
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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ClientServerArchitecture
ThePresentationlayercontainsuser
interfacelikeSAPGUI,andthe
EnterprisePortalfortheusertoview
thedatafromtheapplicationlayer
TheABAPprogramsruninthe
Applicationlayer.TheABAP
programsthenreadthedataneeded
forprocessingfromthedatabase.
Databaselayeristhelowestlevel.
Dataismanagedusingtherelational
databasemanagementsystem
(RDBMS)concept.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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WhatisRepository?
TheRepositoryconsistsofallsystem
developmentobjectsintheSAPR/3.
Somedevelopmentobjectsare:
ReportProgram
FunctionGroupsandFunctionModules
DDICTables
DynproComponents
Classes&Methods
Packages.etc.
Therepositoryisdividedaccordingtothe
applicationcomponents.Withinthe
applicationcomponentthereareseveral
packageswhichcontainsrelevantobjectfor
logicalsubdivision.Wheneveranapplication
objectisdevelopeditmustbeassignedtoa
package.
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SearchingtheRepository
ThereisaSearchtoolyoucanusetosearch
therepositoryinformationsystem.
Thisisusedtomakerandomsearcheslike
searchforallprogramsbyaparticular
package
Togettotherepositoryinformationsystem,
followthemenupathfromSAPaccess
Menu.Tools>ABAPWorkbench>Overview
>Informationsystemorusetransaction
SE84orSE80
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ABAPWorkbench
ABAPWorkbenchincludestoolsthatarerequiredfor
thecreationandeditingofrepositoryobjects.
Thesetoolscovertheentiresoftwaredevelopment
lifecycle.
ABAPEditor: Itisusedforeditingthesourcecode.
ABAPDictionary: Itisusedforcreationofdatabase
tabledefinitions,datatypes,dataelementsandso
on.
Screenpainter: Itisusedforconfiguringscreen
alongwiththefunctionsforuserdialogs.
Menupainter: Itisusedfordefininguserinterfaces
likemenubar,standardtoolbar,applicationtoolbar
andfunctionkeysettings.
FunctionBuilder: Itisusedforcreationand
maintenanceoffunctionmodules.
Classbuilder: Itisusedformaintainingglobalclasses
andinterfaces.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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ABAPWorkbench
Eachoftherepositoryobjectscanbe
editedusingarespectivetool.For
ourconveniencewecanaccessall
thesetoolsin TheObjectnavigator,
TransactionSE80.
TheObjectnavigatorissplitintotwo
areas:
ToolArea
NavigationArea
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ABAPWorkbench
NavigationArea: Navigationareaonthe
lefthandsideofthescreendisplaysthe
hierarchyoftheobjects.Wecaneither
displayorhidethenavigationareainthe
screenbyselectingfullscreenmodeonor
off.Doubleclickingonanobjectinthe
navigationareadisplaystheobjectinits
correspondingeditorinthetoolarea.For
exampleifyouchooseaprogramitwillbe
displayedintheABAPEditorinthetool
areaandifyouchooseaclassitwillbe
displayedintheclassbuilder.
ToolArea: Itistheareafordisplayingand
editingthedevelopmentobjectusingthe
appropriatetoollikeclassbuilderorABAP
editoretc.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
AdvancedBusinessApplication
Programming
REPORTTEST.
WRITE 'HelloWorld'.
ABAPisplatformindependent.Itis
independentofthedatabaseand
operatingsystem
ABAPprogramshaveindividual
statements
ThefirstwordistheABAPKeyword.
Endstatementswithaperiod.
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IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
WRITE FLIGHTINFOCITYFROM.
WRITE FLIGHTINFOCITYTO.
WRITE FLIGHTINFOAIRPTO.
WRITE:
FLIGHTINFOCITYFROM,
FLIGHTINFOCITYTO,
FLIGHTINFOAIRPTO.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
Chainedstatements
Consecutivestatementswithan
identicalfirst(leftmost)partcanbe
combinedintoa"chained"statement
usingthechainoperator":"(colon).
Thecommonpartofthestatementsis
writtentotheleftofthecolon,the
differingpartsarewrittentotheright
ofthecolonandseparatedbycommas.
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IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
WheredoyouthinkABAP
programsRun?
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IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
WheredoyouthinkABAP
programsRun?
WhereistheDatathe
ABAPprogramneeds?
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
WheredoyouthinkABAP
programsRun?
WhereistheDatathe
ABAPprogramneeds?
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
ABAPisplatform
independent.Itis
independentofthe
databaseandoperating
system
Howdowereadand
writedatafromthe
RDBMS?
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
*****************************************
**Program:BOOKINGS
**Author:JoeByte, 07Jul2007
*****************************************
REPORT BOOKINGS.
*Readflightbookingsfromthedatabase
SELECT *FROM FLIGHTINFO
WHERECLASS='Y' "Y=economy
OR CLASS='C'. "C=business
OPENSQL
OpenSQLconsistsofasetof
ABAPstatementsthatperform
operationsonthecentral
databaseintheSAPSystem.
Theresultsoftheoperationsand
anyerrormessagesare
independentofthedatabase
systeminuse.
(...)
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
*****************************************
**Program:BOOKINGS
**Author:JoeByte, 07Jul2007
*****************************************
REPORT bookings.
FinalThoughts..
*Readflightbookingsfromthedatabase
SELECT *FROM FLIGHTINFO
WHERECLASS='Y' "Y=economy
OR CLASS='C'. "C=business
Doublequotesindicatetherest
ofthestatementiscomment
ABAPdoesnotdifferentiate
betweenupperandlowercasefor
keywords.
Commentlinesbeginwitha*
(...)
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
BonusSlide
CommonlyusedSystemFieldsin
ABAP
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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Whatwillwediscuss?
ABAP
ClientServerArchitecture
ABAPRepository
ABAPWorkbench
IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
DataDictionary
Structures
InternalTables
TransparentTables
UserExitsandBadi's
ALE&IDocs
ABAPDebugger
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
www.itpsap.com
WhatisaDataDictionary?
Adatadictionaryincomputingtermsisthesourceofinformation
inwhichthesystemdataisdefinedinalogicalway.Thedata
dictionaryisthecoreofawellstructureddevelopment
environment.Theelementsthatmakeupadictionaryareknown
asmetadata.
TheABAPdatadictionarydataisthecoreoftheR/3development
system.TheintegrationoftheABAPdictionarywiththe
developmentandruntimeenvironmentsisanactiveintegration.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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Structures
Nameof
structure
Nameof
component
Typetowhich
componentis
assigned
Structuresallowstocombine
valuesthatlogicallybelongto
onedataobject.
Youcandefineastructureusing
transactionSE11.
WhendefinedusingSE11,it
becomespartoftheRepository
andcanbeusedbyALL
developers.Thesearereferredto
asGLOBAL
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Structures
StructurevariablesaredefinedintheABAPprogramwithDATAstatements
DATAwa_zaddress TYPEzaddress . UsingGlobalType
LOCALStructurevariablesaredefinedintheABAPprogramwithDATAstatements
DATABEGINOFls_zaddress,
nameTYPE surname,
street(30)TYPE c,
cityTYPE spfli_typecityfrom,
ENDOFls_zaddress.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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InternalTables
Internaltableisadataobjecttokeepidenticallystructureddatarecordsatruntime.
ABAPinternaltablesareSTOREDINMEMORYnotontheRDBMS.
Individualrecordsareknownastablerowsortableentries.
Usedinretainingdatafromdatabasetablesorsequentialfilesforfutureprocessing.
DATAgt_tab TYPE <Type>OCCURS 0TIMES.
DATA gt_itab TYPE TABLEOF<Table_type>.
DATA gt_itab TYPE TABLEOF<Struc_type>.
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InternalTables
ABAPinternaltablesareSTOREDINMEMORYnotontheRDBMS.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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InternalTables
YoucanADDlinestoanInternal
TableusingtheAPPENDor
INSERTCommands.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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InternalTables
YoucanREAD,CHANGE,or
DELETErowsofanInternalTable.
YoualsoseriallyreadanInternal
TableusingtheLOOPAT
ENDLOOPConstruct.
LOOPAT<ITAB>INTO <WA>
WHERE <Condition>.
*ProcesstheDataFrom<WA>
ENDLOOP.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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InternalTables FinalThoughts
ABAPinternaltablesareSTOREDINMEMORYnotontheRDBMS.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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TransparentTables
Transparenttablesdefinedusing
transactionSE11
Transparenttablesdefinedinthe
applicationasapartofthe
correspondingdatabasetable
thatstorestheactualdata.
Thefieldsofthetransparent
tablepointtothecorresponding
columnsonthedatabasetable.
Dataelementsrefertodomains
fortechnicalproperties.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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TransparentTables
Inadditiontolistoffieldswe
needmoreinformationtocreate
adatabasetablesomeofthem
are
Keyfieldsaretodeclaredatthe
beginningofthetable.This
determinesthePrimarykeyofthe
table
Technicalpropertiesthatareneeded
tocreatethedatabasetablelikesize
andmodeofaccess
Secondaryindexesandbufferingto
speedupaccess
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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TransparentTables
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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SAPHANA
INTRODUCINGTHESAPHIGHPERFORMANCEANALYTICAPPLIANCE
SAPHANAisthenext
generationofSAPsinmemory
computingtechnology.
SAPHANAisamultipurpose,
datasourceagnostic,inmemory
appliancethatcombinesSAP
softwarecomponentsoptimized
onhardwareprovided,and
delivered,bySAPsleading
hardwarepartners.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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Whatwillwediscuss?
ABAP
ClientServerArchitecture
ABAPRepository
ABAPWorkbench
IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
DataDictionary
Structures
InternalTables
TransparentTables
UserExitsandBadi's
ALE&IDocs
ABAPDebugger
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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USERExits/BADIs
InSAP,auserexitisaplaceina
softwareprogramwherea
customercanarrangefortheir
owntailormadesolutiontobe
called.
USEREXIT Formorfunction
call
BADI Businessaddinsare
enhancementstothe
standardversionofthe
systemusingOOPsConcept
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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USERExits/BADIs
TheR/3enhancementconcept
allowsyoutoaddyourown
functionalitytoSAPsstandard
businessapplicationswithout
havingtomodifytheoriginal
applications
Advantage
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
Theydonotaffectstandard
SAPsourcecode
Theydonotaffectsoftware
updatesandupgrades
www.itpsap.com
Whatwillwediscuss?
ABAP
ClientServerArchitecture
ABAPRepository
ABAPWorkbench
IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
DataDictionary
Structures
InternalTables
TransparentTables
UserExitsandBadi's
ALE&IDocs
ABAPDebugger
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
www.itpsap.com
ALEandIDocs
ApplicationLinkEnablingEnablesSAPto
communicatetoothersystems.
Supportsdataconsistencyanddata
availabilityindistributedsystems.
Integratingsystemthroughasynchronous
messagingusingIDOCs.(EDI)
Enablesdistributionbetweensystems
withdifferentversions.
Providesfunctionsforadministration,
monitoringanddevelopment.
LibraryofDeliveredALEbusiness
processestocoverimportantbusiness
functions.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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ALEandIDocs
AnIntermediateDOCument isacontainer
forthedataofabusinessobjector
technicalR/3object.
EachIDOChasamessagetype.This
indicatesthetypeofbusinessobjector
thebusinessfunctionofthedata.
Messagetypeshaveprocessingrulesin
thereceivingsystem.
AnIDOCcontainssegmenthierarchy.The
IDOCtypedescribesthetechnical
structureoftheIDOC.
IDOCtypeshaveversions.
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ALEandIDocs
AnIDocconsistsof3typesofrecords.
ControlRecord.
OneControlRecordperIDoc.
DataRecord.Multipledatarecordsper
IDoc.
DataRecordscontainDatatobe
transferred
StatusRecord.StatusRecordwillhave
givethestatusoftheIDoc.
IDocstatuscanbecheckedusingTCodes
WE02,WE05andWE09
IDocscanbereprocessedusing TCode
BD87
.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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ALEandIDocs
CommonIDocStatus
03 DatapassedtoportOK
12 DispatchOK
51 Applicationdocumentnotposted
68 Error nofurtherprocessing
70 OriginalofanIDocwhichwasedited
Youcangetacompletelistanddetailsby
usingTransactionCodeWE47
.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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Whatwillwediscuss?
ABAP
ClientServerArchitecture
ABAPRepository
ABAPWorkbench
IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
DataDictionary
Structures
InternalTables
TransparentTables
UserExitsandBadi's
ALE&IDocs
ABAPDebugger
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
www.itpsap.com
ABAPDebugger
Debuggingisaterm,whichisdirectlyassociatedwithprogramming.Itisageneralterm
usedbyallSoftwareProfessionals,irrespectiveofthelanguageandplatform.Debugging,
asthenamesuggests,isusedtodebugtheprogram.
Inotherwordsitisslowmotion,stepbystepexecutionoftheprogram,sothatonecan
closelyfind,howtheprogram/softwareisworking.Debuggingistypicallyusedtofixthe
BugsintheprogrambutinSAPdebuggingisinvariablyusedforunderstandingtheflowof
programitself.
InSAP,debugginghadbeenaquiteeasytask.InSAPtherearevariouswaystodebuga
program.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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ABAPDebugger
DebuggerinSAPcanbestarted
bytyping/hinthecommand
fieldbeforeexecution.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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ABAPDebugger
Initially,DynproFlowlogicis
displayedinthewindowif
debugginghasbeenstartedfor
modulepool.Ifareportprogramis
beingdebuggedthendirect
programcodeisdisplayed.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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ABAPDebugger
Beforegoingintodetails,itis
necessarytodiscusstheterm
BREAKPOINT.
Abreakpointisatechniquetostop
theexecutionatparticularlinein
thecodeduringthedebugging.
Justdoubleclickonthelineofcode
youwantthedebuggertostopat
whenthetransactionisexecuted.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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ABAPDebugger
SonowIhaveexecutedME53again
andthedebuggerhasstoppedat
thelineofcodewhereIplaceda
BREAKPOINT.
NowIcandoubleclickonEBAN
BANFNandIcanseeitsvalue.
ThiscanbedoneforInternalTables,
StructuresandTransparentTables.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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ABAPDebugger
NavigatingintheDebugger
Therearefourdifferentwaysin
whichyoucangothroughthe
sourcecodeofaprogramyouwant
toanalyze
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ABAPDebugger
Debuggingcanbedonefor
programsscheduledtorunin
background.inbackground.
JobshouldbeeitherinScheduledor
Releasedstatus.
Afterschedulingtheprogramtorun
inbackground,selectthejobin
SM37and enterjdbg inthe
commandarea.
Nowthedebuggerisactivated.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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ABAPDebugger
Runningprograms(i.e.jobswithstatus
Active)canalsobedebugged
UseTransactionSM50 togetthelistof
processescurrentlyrunning.
Identifytheprocessrelatedtothe
programyouwanttodebugandclickor
highlight.
UseMenuPath:
AdministrationProgramDebugging
TheDebuggerwillbeactivated
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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Whatwillwediscuss?
ABAP
ClientServerArchitecture
ABAPRepository
ABAPWorkbench
IntroductiontoABAPProgrammingLanguage
DataDictionary
Structures
InternalTables
TransparentTables
UserExitsandBadi's
ALE&IDocs
ABAPDebugger
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
www.itpsap.com
Whybothertolearnthis?
Letmehighlightsomeofthebenefitsthatlearningsomeofthetechie
stuffwilldoforyou,yourcolleaguesandcustomers.
Firstofall,learninganewskillcanonlybepositiveforyourcareer.Ifyouwanttomoveintoanew
rolewithinyourcompanyormoveontoanotherorganization,addingtoyourskillsetisalwaysa
greatthingtodo.
Whenyourcustomerswantsomethingneworchangeandexistingprocess,youwillbeabletogive
amuchmoreinformedresponseandbeabletochallengethemfromaslightlydifferentangle.
Thetechieguyswillbemorewillingtodiscussotherpossiblesolutionswithyouastheywillsee
thatyouunderstandwhattheyaresaying.Thiswillquiteoftenresultinabettersolutionthatyou
canofferyourcustomers.
ITPartners,Inc.ExperienceMatters.
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Whybothertolearnthis?
Letmehighlightsomeofthebenefitsthatlearningsomeofthetechie
stuffwilldoforyou,yourcolleaguesandcustomers.
Weallknowthatsometimestheworkestimatesgivenforsomedevelopmentworkcanbeexaggerated
somewhat.Dontletthishappenatyourexpense;challengetheestimatesbymakingitknownyouknow
whatyouaretalkingaboutandthatyouhaveagoodideajusthowmuchworkshouldbeinvolvedfor
certaintypesofdevelopmentwork.
Quiteoften,yourcustomersinvitetheirowntechieguystomeetings.Beingabletoexpresspossible
solutionsinatechnicalmannercanhelpbuildtheirconfidenceinyouandyourcompany.
BylearningandhavingagoodgraspoftheunderlyingSAPtechnologiesthatareusedthroughouttheSAP
landscape,youwillbeinamuchbetterpositiontounderstandandgetuptospeedonnewsolutionsSAP
introducefurtherdowntheline.
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ThankYou&CompanyInfo.
InBusinessfor20years
WomenOwned(8m)
SmallBusinessCertified
GSAIT70Schedule.
WWW.ITPSAP.COM
ConnectwithmeonLinkedIn http://www.linkedin.com/in/ajcecchini
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ThankYou&Newsletter.
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ThankYou!
EmailusQuestions
PostquestionsonourFBPage
UseTwitter
UsetheTEXTMEfeaturein
ourMediaProfile
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Are You Smarter
Than a ABAPer?
Question
What are the different layers in a 3
tier client server architecture?
Answer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Database Layer
Question
In SAP, a _______ is a place in a
software program where a customer
can arrange for their own tailor-made
solution to be called.
Answer
In SAP, a User Exit is a place in a
software program where a customer
can arrange for their own tailor-made
solution to be called.
Question
TRUE or FALSE
ABAP Transparent tables are STORED
IN MEMORY.
Answer
False!
ABAP Internal tables are STORED IN
MEMORY.
Question
True or False
Application Link Enabling Enables SAP
to communicate to other systems.
Answer
True!
It povides this capabity by Integrating
system through asynchronous
messaging using IDOCs. (EDI)
Question
How do you start the debugger for a
transaction?
Answer
By typing /h in the command line
By setting a BREAK-POINT
Thanks for Playing!
