Clutter Attenuations
Clutter Attenuations
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INDEX
1.- LINEAR AND FLAT ABSORPTIONS ........................................................................................................................... 3
2.- THE DIFFERENT MODES ......................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
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Rx over clutter option :
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Rx over ground spot option :
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Rx over clutter option :
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Rx over ground spot option :
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Rx over clutter option with CCIR attenuations :
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Rx over ground spot option with CCIR attenuations :
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Rx over clutter option with UER attenuations :
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Rx over ground spot option with UER attenuations :
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2.8 The "TSB-88" mode
This mode has to be used as recommended by the NTIA (National Telecommunications and Information
Administration, US) report "TSB-88-B" (Telecommunications Systems Bulletin 88-B). It defines flat attenuation values
as follows :
Clutter code
Attenuation (dB)
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
[30 - 50]
3
2
1
3
1
3
4
4
Frequency range(MHz)
[136-174] [220-222] [380-512]
3
3
3
3
3
4
9
9
10
8
9
12
3
3
3
14
15
16
15
16
17
14
14
15
[746-941]
5
18
10
25
3
20
20
20
The total attenuation applied is the sum of the diffraction on the last receiving point and the flat attenuation.
Note that clutter heights should be set to 0m in order to be not too pessimistic.
Notes
Two propagation models are recommended in TSB-88-B :
- The Okumura/Hata/Davidson model. TSB-88-B recommends the use of this model when terrain data is not
available but the operating environment is known (i.e., large or small city, suburban, or open environment).
Okumuras measurement results were given in terms of a set of curves of basic median attenuation relative
to free space in an urban area over semi-smooth terrain as a function of frequency and distance for a base
antenna height of 200 meters and a mobile station antenna height of 3 meters. Okumura also developed
correction curves for other environments, terrain, and antenna heights. The Okumura/Hata Model is a
computer model based on equations derived from Okumuras findings by Hata, for limited ranges of
frequency, distance and antenna heights for four types of environment, large and small city, suburban and
open. The Okumura/Hata/Davidson model uses equations extending ranges of frequency, distance and base
antenna height
- For detailed predictions using terrain data, TSB-88-B recommends the use of a two-ray model for line-of-sight
paths, and the Anderson 2D model for obstructed paths. As this model is not widely available, in some
applications of TSB-88-B, other more widely used models, such as Longley-Rice, based on NBS Technical Note
101, or Epstein-Peterson is also used.
TSB-88-B recommends that attenuation due to clutter be included where appropriate. Clutter losses are implicit in the
Okumura/Hata/Davidson model, whereas clutter must be added to the other propagation models. The clutter losses
are based on the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Land Use Land Cover (LULC) data and the National Land
Cover Dataset (NLCD).
Building and other expected losses or margins can be included in the interference analysis with any of the propagation
models.
TSB-88-B recommends using 30-meter terrain data, re-sampled at three arc second resolution. This is superior to the
original three arc second terrain data, as the re-sampled data has much better vertical accuracy than the original three
arc second data.
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Rx over clutter option:
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Rx over ground spot option:
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2.10
This option can be used only with a BLG layer. It applies an additional flat attenuation in dB to the attenuation
calculated using one of the three following modes :
- "dB/km";
- "Flat + absorption";
- "Flat + diffraction".
For example, in flat + absorption mode and 5dB set for the indoor building additional attenuation :
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Rx over clutter option:
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Rx over ground spot option: