Fr

Odoo is a powerful and fast-growing business application

platform. Beginning with setting up the development
environment, this book will then guide you through a practical
journey to build feature-rich business applications.
With the aim of jumpstarting your Odoo proficiency level,
from no specific knowledge to application development
readiness, you will be set on the path of developing your
first Odoo application. Then, you will move on to topics such
as models and views and understanding and using server
APIs to add business logic, which will lay a solid foundation
for advanced topics.
The book concludes with a guide to Odoo interaction and
how to use the Odoo API from other programs, all of which
will enable you to efficiently integrate applications with other
external systems.

Who this book is written for

Set up a development environment and

manage your Odoo instances and databases
Develop from a remote Workstation such as
Windows using Odoo
Create your first Odoo application and get
acquainted with the development workflow
Build module extensions and understand the
inheritance mechanisms
Use XML and CSV data files and external
IDs to load and export data for your
business applications

Design effective user interfaces using forms,

lists, and kanban views
Integrate Odoo with other systems using the
external API
Deploy Odoo and your business application for
production use

$ 29.99 US
19.99 UK

community experience distilled

P U B L I S H I N G

E x p e r i e n c e

D i s t i l l e d

Odoo Development
Essentials
Fast track your development skills to build powerful Odoo
business applications

Prices do not include

local sales tax or VAT
where applicable

Visit www.PacktPub.com for books, eBooks,

code, downloads, and PacktLib.

Sa
m

pl

C o m m u n i t y

Structure the application data model using

Odoo's Object Relation Mapping (ORM)
capabilities

Daniel Reis

This book is intended for developers who need to quickly

become productive with Odoo. You are expected to have
experience developing business applications, as well as an
understanding of MVC application design and knowledge of
the Python programming language.

What you will learn from this book

Odoo Development Essentials

Odoo Development
Essentials

ee

Daniel Reis

In this package, you will find:

The author biography

A preview chapter from the book, Chapter 1 'Getting Started with Odoo
Development'
A synopsis of the books content
More information on Odoo Development Essentials

About the Author

Daniel Reis has worked in the IT industry for over 15 years, most of it for a multinational
consultancy firm, implementing business applications for a variety of sectors, including
telco, banking, and industry. He has been working with Odoo (formerly OpenERP) since
2010, is an active contributor to the Odoo Community Association projects, and has been
a regular speaker at the OpenDays annual conference.
He currently works at Securitas, a global security services company, where he introduced
Python and Odoo into the applications portfolio.

Odoo Development Essentials

Odoo is a powerful open source platform for business applications. On top of it a suite
of closely integrated applications was built, covering all business areas from CRM and
Sales to Accounting and Stocks. Odoo has a dynamic and growing community around
it, constantly adding features, connectors, and additional business apps.
Odoo Development Essentials provides a step-by-step guide to Odoo development
to quickly climb the learning curve and become productive in the Odoo
application platform.
The first three chapters aim to make the reader comfortable with Odoo, the basic
techniques to set up a development environment, and with the module development
approach and workflow.
The next five chapters explain in detail several development areas used in modules:
data files, models, views, business logic, and QWeb.
The two final chapters guide you through integrating Odoo applications with external
applications and discuss what to consider when deploying your Odoo instance for
production use.

What This Book Covers

Chapter 1, Getting Started with Odoo Development, covers setting up a development
environment, installing Odoo from source, and learning how to manage Odoo
server instances.
Chapter 2, Building Your First Odoo Application, guides you through the creation of
your first Odoo module, covering all the different layers involved: models, views, and
business logic.
Chapter 3, Inheritance Extending Existing Applications, explains the inheritance
mechanisms and uses them to create extension modules that add or modify features on
other existing modules.
Chapter 4, Data Serialization and Module Data, covers the most used Odoo data fi le
formats, XML and CSV, external identifiers, and how to use data fi les in modules and in
data import/export.
Chapter 5, Models Structuring the Application Data, discusses in detail the Model layer
with the types of models and fields available, including relational and computed fields.
Chapter 6, Views Designing the User Interface, covers the View layer, explaining in
detail several types of views and all the elements that can be used to create dynamic and
intuitive user interfaces.

Chapter 7, ORM Application Logic Supporting Business Processes, introduces

programming business logic on the server side, exploring the ORM concepts and
features, and also explains how to use wizards for sophisticated user interaction.
Chapter 8, QWeb Creating Kanban Views and Reports, goes over the Odoo QWeb
templates, using them to create rich kanban boards and HTML-based reports.
Chapter 9, External API Integration with Other Systems, explains how to use Odoo
server logic from external applications, and introduces a popular client programming
library that can also be used as a command-line client.
Chapter 10, Deployment Checklist Going Live, shows you how to prepare a server for
production prime time and explains what configuration should be taken care of and how
to configure an Nginx reverse proxy for improved security and scalability.

Getting Started with

Odoo Development
Before we dive into Odoo development, we need to set up our development
environment, and you need to learn the basic administration tasks for it.
In this chapter, you will learn how to set up the work environment, where we will
later build our Odoo applications.
You will also learn how to set up a Debian or Ubuntu system to host our
development server instances, and how to install Odoo from the GitHub source code.
Then you will learn how to set up file sharing with Samba, allowing you to work on
Odoo files from a workstation running Windows or any other operating system.
Odoo is built using the Python programming language and uses the PostgreSQL
database for its data storage, so these are the main requirements we should have in
our Odoo host.
To run Odoo from source, we will need to install first the Python libraries it depends
on. The Odoo source code can then be downloaded from GitHub and executed from
source. While we can download a zip or tarball, it's best to get the sources using
GitHub, so we'll also have it installed on our Odoo host.

Setting up a host for the Odoo server

We will prefer using Debian/Ubuntu for our Odoo server, even though you will
still be able to work from your favorite desktop system, be it Windows, Macintosh,
or Linux.

[1]

Getting Started with Odoo Development

Odoo can run on a variety of operating systems, so why pick Debian at the expense
of other operating systems? Because Odoo is developed primarily with the Debian/
Ubuntu platform in mind, it supports Odoo better. It will be easier to find help and
additional resources if working with Debian/Ubuntu.
It's also the platform the majority of developers work on, and where most
deployments are rolled out. So, inevitably, Odoo developers will be expected to be
comfortable with that platform. Even if you're from a Windows background it will
be important to have some knowledge about it.
In this chapter, you will learn how to set up and work with Odoo hosted in a Debian
system, using only the command line. For those more at home with a Windows
system, we will cover how to set up a virtual machine to host the Odoo server. As a
bonus, the techniques you will learn will also allow you to manage Odoo in cloud
servers where your only access will be through Secure Shell (SSH).
Keep in mind that these instructions are intended to set up a
new system for development. If you want to try some of them
in an existing system, always take a backup ahead of time to
be able to restore it in case something goes wrong.

Provisions for a Debian host

As explained earlier, we will need a Debian host for our Odoo version 8.0 server.
If these are your first steps with Linux, you may like to know that Ubuntu is a
Debian-based Linux distribution, so they are very similar.
Odoo is guaranteed to work with the current stable version
of Debian or Ubuntu. At the time of writing this book, these
are Debian 7 "Wheezy" and Ubuntu 14.04 "Trusty Tahr". Both
ship with Python 2.7, necessary to run Odoo.

If you are already running Ubuntu or another Debian-based distribution, you're set;
this machine can also be used as a host for Odoo.
For the Windows and Macintosh operating systems, it is possible to have
Python, PostgreSQL, and all the dependencies installed, and then run Odoo
from source natively.

[2]

Chapter 1

However, that could prove to be a challenge, so our advice is to use a virtual

machine running Debian or Ubuntu Server. You're welcome to choose your
preferred virtualization software to get a working Debian system in a VM. If you
need some guidance, here is some advice: regarding the virtualization software,
you have several options, such as Microsoft Hyper-V (available in some versions
of Windows), Oracle VirtualBox, or VMWare Player (or VMWare Fusion for
Macintosh). VMWare Player is probably easier to use, and free-to-use downloads can
be found at https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/downloads.
Regarding the Linux image to use, Ubuntu Server is more user friendly to install
than Debian. If you're beginning with Linux, I would recommend trying a readyto-use image. TurnKey Linux provides easy-to-use, preinstalled images in several
formats, including ISO. The ISO format will work with any virtualization software
you choose, or even on a bare-metal machine you might have. A good option might
be the LAPP image, found at http://www.turnkeylinux.org/lapp.
Once installed and booted, you should be able to log in to a command-line shell.
If you are logging in using root, your first task should be to create a user to use for
your work, since it's considered bad practice to work as root. In particular, the Odoo
server will refuse to run if you are using root.
If you are using Ubuntu, you probably won't need this since the installation process
has already guided you in the creation of a user.

Creating a user account for Odoo

First, make sure sudo is installed. Our work user will need it. If logged in as root:
# apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
# apt-get install sudo

# Install system updates

# Make sure 'sudo' is installed

The following commands will create an odoo user:

# useradd -m -g sudo -s /bin/bash odoo
powers
# passwd odoo

# Create an 'Odoo' user with sudo

# Ask and set a password for the new user

You can change odoo to whatever username you want. The -m option has its home
directory created. The -g sudo adds it to the sudoers list, so it can run commands as
root, and the -s /bin/bash sets the default shell to bash, which is nicer to use than
the default sh.
Now we can log in as the new user and set up Odoo.

[3]

Getting Started with Odoo Development

Installing Odoo from source

Ready-to-install Odoo packages can be found at nightly.odoo.com, available as
Windows (.exe), Debian (.deb), CentOS (.rpm), and source code tarballs (.tar.gz).
As developers, we will prefer installing directly from the GitHub repository. This
will end up giving us more control over versions and updates.
To keep things tidy, let's work in an /odoo-dev directory inside your home directory.
Throughout the book, we will assume this is where your Odoo server is installed.
First, make sure you are logged in as the user created above, or during the
installation process, and not as root. Assuming your user is odoo, you can confirm
this with the following command:
$ whoami
odoo
$ echo $HOME
/home/odoo

Now we can use this script. It shows us how to install Odoo from source in
a Debian system:
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
$ sudo apt-get install git
$ mkdir ~/odoo-dev
$ cd ~/odoo-dev

# Install system updates

# Install Git

# Create a directory to work in

# Go into our work directory

$ git clone https://github.com/odoo/odoo.git -b 8.0

code
$ ./odoo/odoo.py setup_deps
$ ./odoo/odoo.py setup_pg
user

# Get Odoo source

# Installs Odoo system dependencies

# Installs PostgreSQL & db superuser for unix

At the end, Odoo should be ready to be used. The ~ symbol is a shortcut for
your home directory (for example, /home/odoo). The git -b 8.0 option asks to
explicitly download the 8.0 branch of Odoo. At the time of writing this book, this is
redundant, since 8.0 is the default branch, but this may change, so it will make the
script time resilient.
To start an Odoo server instance, just run odoo.py:
$ ~/odoo-dev/odoo/odoo.py

[4]

Chapter 1

By default, Odoo instances listen from port 8069, so if we point a browser to

http://<server-address>:8069 we will reach that instance. When we are
accessing it for the first time, it will show us an assistant to create a new database,
as shown in the following screenshot:

But we will learn how to initialize new databases from the command line, now so
press Ctrl + C to stop the server and get back to the command prompt.

Initializing a new Odoo database

To be able to create a new database, your user must be a PostgreSQL superuser.
The ./odoo.py setup_pg does that for you; otherwise use the following command
to create a PostgreSQL superuser for the current Unix user with:
$ sudo createuser --superuser $(whoami)

To create a new database we use the command createdb. Let's create a v8dev
database:
$ createdb v8dev

To initialize this database with the Odoo data schema we should run Odoo on the
empty database by using the -d option:
$ ~/odoo-dev/odoo/odoo.py -d v8dev

[5]

Getting Started with Odoo Development

This will take a couple of minutes to initialize a v8dev database, and will end with
an INFO log message Modules loaded. Then the server will be ready to listen to
client requests.
By default, this method will initialize the database with demonstration data,
which often is useful on development databases. To initialize a database without
demonstration data, add to the command the option: --without-demo-data=all.
Open http://<server-name>:8069 in your browser to be presented with the login
screen. If you don't know your server name, type the hostname command at the
terminal to find it, or the ifconfig command to find the IP address.
If you are hosting Odoo in a virtual machine you might need to do some network
configuration to be able to use it as a server. The simplest solution is to change the
VM network type from NAT to Bridged. With this, instead of sharing the host IP
address, the guest VM will have its own IP address. It's also possible to use NAT,
but that requires you to configure port forwarding, so your system knows that some
ports, such as 8069, should be handled by the VM. In case you're having trouble,
hopefully these details can help you find help in the documentation for your chosen
virtualization software.
The default administrator account is admin with password admin. Upon login you
are presented with the Settings menu, displaying the installed modules. Remove the
Installed filter and you will be able to see and install any of the official modules.
Whenever you want to stop the Odoo server instance and return to the command
line, press Ctrl + C. At the bash prompt, pressing the Up arrow key will bring you
the previous shell command, so it's a quick way to start Odoo again with the same
options. You will see the Ctrl + C followed by Up arrow and Enter is a frequently
used combination to restart the Odoo server during development.

Managing your databases

We've seen how to create and initialize new Odoo databases from the command line.
There are more commands worth knowing for managing databases.
You already know how to use the createdb command to create empty databases,
but it can also create a new database by copying an existing one, by using a
--template option.
Make sure your Odoo instance is stopped and you have no other connection open on
the v8dev database created above, and run:
$ createdb --template=v8dev v8test

[6]

Chapter 1

In fact, every time we create a database, a template is used. If none is specified,

a predefined one called template1 is used.
To list the existing databases in your system use the PostgreSQL utility psql utility
with the -l option:
$ psql -l

Running it we should see listed the two databases we created so far: v8dev and
v8test. The list will also display the encoding used in each database. The default is
UTF8, which is the encoding needed for Odoo databases.
To remove a database you no longer need (or want to recreate), use the
dropdb command:
$ dropdb v8test

Now you know the basics to work with several databases. To learn more on
PostgresSQL, the official documentation can be found at http://www.postgresql.
org/docs/
WARNING: The drop database will irrevocably destroy your
data. Be careful when using it and always keep backups of
your important databases before using it.

A word about Odoo product versions

At the date of writing, Odoo's latest stable is version 8, marked on GitHub as branch
8.0. This is the version we will work with throughout the book.
It's important to note that Odoo databases are incompatible between Odoo major
versions. This means that if you run Odoo 8 server against an Odoo/OpenERP 7
database, it won't work. Non-trivial migration work is needed before a database can
be used with a later version of the product.
The same is true for modules: as a general rule a module developed for an Odoo
major version will not work with other versions. When downloading a community
module from the Web, make sure it targets the Odoo version you are using.
On the other hand, major releases (7.0, 8.0) are expected to receive frequent updates,
but these should be mostly fixes. They are assured to be "API stable", meaning
that model data structures and view element identifiers will remain stable. This is
important because it means there will be no risk of custom modules breaking due to
incompatible changes on the upstream core modules.
[7]

Getting Started with Odoo Development

And be warned that the version in the master branch will result in the next major
stable version, but until then it's not "API stable" and you should not use it to build
custom modules. Doing so is like moving on quicksand: you can't be sure when
some changes will be introduced that will make you custom module break.

More server configuration options

The Odoo server supports quite a few other options. We can check all available
options with the --help option:
$ ./odoo.py --help

It's worth while to have an overview on the most important ones.

Odoo server configuration files

Most of the options can be saved in a configuration file. By default, Odoo will use
the .openerp-serverrc file in your home directory. Conveniently, there is also the
--save option to store the current instance configuration into that file:
$ ~/odoo-dev/odoo/odoo.py --save --stop-after-init
to file

# save configuration

Here we also used the --stop-after-init option, to have the server stop after it
finishes its actions. This option is often used when running tests or asking to run a
module upgrade to check if it installs correctly.
Now we can inspect what was saved in this default configuration file:
$ more ~/.openerp_serverrc

# show the configuration file

This will show all configuration options available with the default values for them.
Editing them will be effective the next time you start an Odoo instance. Type q to
quit and go back to the prompt.
We can also choose to use a specific configuration file, using the --conf=<filepath>
option. Configuration files don't need to have all those the options you've just seen.
Only the ones that actually change a default value need to be there.

Changing the listening port

The --xmlrpc-server=<port> command allows us to change the default 8069 port
where the server instance listens. This can be used to run more than one instances at
the same time, on the same server.
[8]

Chapter 1

Let's try that. Open two terminal windows. On the first one run:
$ ~/odoo-dev/odoo.py --xmlrpc-port=8070

and on the other run:

$ ~/odoo-dev/odoo.py --xmlrpc-port=8071

And there you go: two Odoo instances on the same server listening on different
ports. The two instances can use the same or different databases. And the two could
be running the same or different versions of Odoo.

Logging

The --log-level option allows us to set the log verbosity. This can be very useful to
understand what is going on in the server. For example, to enable the debug log level
use: --log-level=debug
The following log levels can be particularly interesting:
debug_sql to inspect SQL generated by the server
debug_rpc to detail the requests received by the server
debug_rpc_answer to detail the responses sent by the server
By default the log output is directed to standard output (your console screen), but it
can be directed to a log file with the option --logfile=<filepath>.
Finally, the --debug option will bring up the Python debugger (pdb) when an
exception is raised. It's useful to do a post-mortem analysis of a server error. Note
that it doesn't have any effect on the logger verbosity. More details on the Python
debugger commands can be found here: https://docs.python.org/2/library/
pdb.html#debugger-commands.

Developing from your workstation

You may be running Odoo with a Debian/Ubuntu system, either in a local virtual
machine or in a server over the network. But you may prefer to do the development
work in your personal workstation, using your favorite text editor or IDE.
This may frequently be the case for developers working from Windows
workstations. But it also may be the case for Linux users that need to work
on an Odoo server over the local network.

[9]

Getting Started with Odoo Development

A solution for this is to enable file sharing in the Odoo host, so that files are easy to
edit from our workstation. For Odoo server operations, such as a server restart, we
can use an SSH shell (such as PuTTY on Windows) alongside our favorite editor.

Using a Linux text editor

Sooner or later, we will need to edit files from the shell command line. In many
Debian systems the default text editor is vi. If you're not comfortable with it, then
you probably could use a friendlier alternative. In Ubuntu systems the default text
editor is nano. You might prefer it since it's easier to use. In case it's not available in
your server, it can be installed with:
$ sudo apt-get install nano

In the following sections we will assume nano as the preferred editor. If you prefer
any other editor, feel free to adapt the commands accordingly.

Installing and configuring Samba

The Samba project provides Linux file sharing services compatible with Microsoft
Windows systems. We can install it on our Debian/Ubuntu server with:
$ sudo apt-get install samba samba-common-bin

The samba package installs the file sharing services and the samba-common-bin
package is needed for the smbpasswd tool. By default users allowed to access shared
files need to be registered with it. We need to register our user odoo and set a
password for its file share access:
$ sudo smbpasswd -a odoo

After this the odoo user will be able to access a fileshare for its home directory,
but it will be read only. We want to have write access, so we need to edit Sambas,
configuration file to change that:
$ sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

In the configuration file, look for the [homes] section. Edit its configuration lines so
that they match the settings below:
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = yes
read only = no
create mask = 0640
directory mask = 0750
[ 10 ]

Chapter 1

For the configuration changes to take effect, restart the service:

$ sudo /etc/init.d/smbd restart

Downloading the example code

You can download the example code files for all
Packt books you have purchased from your account
at http://www.packtpub.com. If you purchased
this book elsewhere, you can visit http://www.
packtpub.com/support and register to have the
files e-mailed directly to you.

To access the files from Windows, we can map a network drive for the path
\\<my-server-name>\odoo using the specific user and password defined
with smbpasswd. When trying to log in with the odoo user, you might find
trouble with Windows adding the computer's domain to the user name (for
example MYPC\odoo). To avoid this, use an empty domain by prepending a \
to the login (for example \odoo).

[ 11 ]

Getting Started with Odoo Development

If we now open the mapped drive with Windows Explorer, we will be able to access
and edit the contents of the odoo user home directory.

Enabling the on-board technical tools

Odoo includes some tools that are very helpful for developers, and we will
make use of them throughout the book. They are the Technical Features and the
Developer Mode.
These are disabled by default, so this is a good moment to learn how to enable them.

Activating the Technical Features

Technical Features provide advanced server configuration tools.
They are disabled by default, and to enable them, we need to log in as admin. In the
Settings menu, select Users and edit the Administrator user. In the Access Rights
tab, you will find a Technical Features checkbox. Let's check it and save.

[ 12 ]

Chapter 1

Now we need to reload the page in our web browser. Then we should see in
the Settings menu a new Technical menu section giving access to many Odoo
server internals.

The Technical menu option allows us to inspect and edit all Odoo configurations
stored in the database, from user interface to security and other system parameters.
You will be learning more about many of these throughout the book.

Activating the Developer mode

The Developer mode enables a combobox near the top of Odoo windows, making
a few advanced configuration options available throughout the application. It also
disables the minification of JavaScript and CSS used by the web client, making it
easier to debug client-side behavior.

[ 13 ]

Getting Started with Odoo Development

To enable it, open the drop-down menu from the top-right corner of the browser
window, next to the username, and select the About Odoo option. In the About
dialog, click on the Activate the developer mode button at the top-right corner.

After this, we will see a Debug View combo box at the top left of the current
form area.

Installing third-party modules

Making new modules available in an Odoo instance so they can be installed is
something that newcomers to Odoo frequently find confusing. But it doesn't have
to be so, so let's demystify it.

Finding community modules

There are many Odoo modules available from the Internet. The apps.odoo.com
website is a catalogue of modules that can be downloaded and installed in your system.
The Odoo Community Association (OCA) coordinates community contributions and
maintains quite a few module repositories on GitHub, at https://github.com/OCA/
[ 14 ]

Chapter 1

To add a module to an Odoo installation we could just copy it into the addons
directory, alongside the official modules. In our case, the addons directory is at
~/odoo-dev/odoo/addons/. This might not be the best option for us, since our Odoo
installation is based on a version controlled code repository, and we will want to
keep it synchronized with the GitHub repository.
Fortunately, we can use additional locations for modules, so we can keep our custom
modules in a different directory, without having them mixed with the official addons.
As an example, we will download the OCA project department and make its modules
available in our Odoo installation. This project is a set of very simple modules adding a
Department field on several forms, such as Projects or CRM Opportunities.
To get the source code from GitHub:
$ cd ~/odoo-dev
$ git clone https://github.com/OCA/department.git -b 8.0

We used the optional -b option to make sure we are downloading the modules for
the 8.0 version. Since at the moment of writing 8.0 is the projects default branch we
could have omitted it.
After this, we will have a new /department directory alongside the /odoo
directory, containing the modules. Now we need to let Odoo know about this
new module directory.

Configuring the addons path

The Odoo server has a configuration option called addons-path setting where to
look for modules. By default this points at the /addons directory where the Odoo
server is running.
Fortunately, we can provide Odoo not only one, but a list of directories where
modules can be found. This allows us to keep our custom modules in a different
directory, without having them mixed with the official addons.
Let's start the server with an addons path including our new module directory:
$ cd ~/odoo-dev/odoo
$ ./odoo.py -d v8dev --addons-path="../department,./addons"

If you look closer at the server log you will notice a line reporting the addons
path in use: INFO ? openerp: addons paths: (...). Confirm that it contains our
department directory.

[ 15 ]

Getting Started with Odoo Development

Updating the module list

We still need to ask Odoo to update its module list before these new modules are
available to install.
For this we need the Technical menu enabled, since the Update Modules List menu
option is provided by it. It can be found in the Modules section of the Settings menu.
After running the modules list update we can confirm the new modules are
available to install. In the Local Modules list, remove the Apps filter and search
for department. You should see the new modules available.

Summary
In this chapter, you learned how to set up a Debian system to host Odoo and to
install it from GitHub sources. We also learned how to create Odoo databases and
run Odoo instances. To allow developers to use their favorite tools in their personal
workstation, we also explained how to configure file sharing in the Odoo host.
We should now have a functioning Odoo environment to work with and be
comfortable managing databases and instances.
With this in place, we're ready to go straight into the action. In the next chapter we
will create from scratch our first Odoo module and understand the main elements
it involves.
So let's get started!

[ 16 ]

Get more information Odoo Development Essentials

Where to buy this book

You can buy Odoo Development Essentials from the Packt Publishing website.
Alternatively, you can buy the book from Amazon, BN.com, Computer Manuals and most internet
book retailers.
Click here for ordering and shipping details.

www.PacktPub.com

Stay Connected: