bk9 10

MEP Y9 Practice Book B
10 Sequences
10.1 Constant Differences

In the first part of this unit we consider sequences where the difference between
successive terms is the same every time. We also use formulae to create the terms
of a sequence.
Example 1
Write down the next 3 terms of each of the following sequences:
(a)
7, 11, 15, 19, 23, ...
(b)
1, 9, 17, 25, 33, ...
Solution
(a)
11
15
19
23
...
4
4
4
4
The difference between each term and the next is always 4. This value is
called the first difference. So we can continue the sequence by adding 4
each time. This gives the sequence:
7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35
(b)
17
25
33
...
8
8
8
8
Here the difference between each term and the next is always 8. To
continue the sequence we must keep on adding 8 every time. This gives
the sequence:
1, 9, 17, 25, 33, 41, 49, 57
Example 2
A sequence is defined by the formula u n = 3 n + 1.
Calculate the first 5 terms of this sequence.
Solution
The first term, often called u 1 , is formed by substituting n = 1 into the formula.
u1 = 3 1 + 1
= 3+1
= 4
28
For the second term, substitute n = 2 to give:
3 2 +1
u2 =
= 7
For the third term, substitute n = 3 to give:
u3 = 3 3+1
= 10
For the fourth term, substitute n = 4 to give:
u4 = 3 4 +1
= 13
For the fifth term, substitute n = 5 to give:
u5 = 3 5+1
= 16
So the first 5 terms of the sequence are
4, 7, 10, 13, 16.
Example 3
The terms of a sequence are given by the formula u n = 8 n 3.
Calculate:
(a)
the first 3 terms of the sequence,
(b)
the 100th term of the sequence,
(c)
the 200th term of the sequence.
Solution
(a)
n =1
gives
u1 = 8 1 3
= 5
n=2
gives
u2 = 8 2 3
= 13
n=3
gives
u3 = 8 3 3
= 21
So the first 3 terms are

5, 13, 21.
29
10.1
(b)
n = 100
gives
u 100 = 8 100 3
= 797
So the 100th term of the sequence is 797.

(c)
n = 200
gives
u 200 = 8 200 3
= 1597
So the 200th term of the sequence is 1597.
Exercises
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(a)
2, 5, 8, 11, 14, ...
(b)
9, 18, 27, 36, 45, ...
(c)
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, ...
(d)
7, 15, 23, 31, 39, ...

(a)
100, 98, 96, 94, 92, ...
b)
20, 17, 14, 11, 8, ...
(c)
48, 43, 38, 33, 28, ...
(d)
17, 13, 9, 5, 1, ...
A sequence is defined by the formula u n = 6 n 2.

(a)
Calculate the first 5 terms of the sequence.
(b)
What is the difference between the terms of the sequence?
A sequence is defined by the formula u n = 8 n + 2 .

(a)
(b)
(c)
Write down the next 3 terms of the sequence.
A sequence is given by u n = 7 n 3.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Explain where the difference appears in the formula for the terms.
30
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A sequence is given by u n = 9 n + 2.
(a)
(b)
How does the difference between terms relate to the formula?
A sequence is given by the formula u n = 11 n 7.

(a)
What would you expect to be the difference between the terms of the
sequence?
(b)
Calculate the first 4 terms of the sequence and check your answer to
part (a).
(c)
Calculate the 10th term of the sequence.
A sequence is defined by the formula u n = 82 4 n .

(a)
(b)
What is the difference between terms for the sequence?
(c)
How does this difference relate to the formula?
(d)
Calculate the 20th term of the sequence.
(a)
Calculate the 100th term of the sequence given by u n = 8 n 5 .
(b)
Calculate the 25th term of the sequence given by u n = 11 n 3.
(c)
Calculate the 200th term of the sequence given by u n = 3 n + 22 .
(d)
Calculate the 58th term of the sequence defined by u n = 1000 5 n .
Four sequences, A, B, C and D, are defined by the following formulae:

A
u n = 8n + 2
u n = 7n 3
u n = 3n + 1
u n = 100 6 n
(a)
Which sequences have 4 as their first term?
(b)
Which sequence is decreasing?
(c)
Which sequence has a difference of 7 between terms?
(d)
Which sequence has 301 as its 100th term?
31
10.1
11.
(a)
Look at this part of a number line.

Write down the 2 missing numbers.
7 .........
......... 17
Copy and complete this sentence:

The numbers on this line go up in steps of ......... .
(b)
This is a different number line.

Write down the 3 missing numbers.
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8 ......... ......... .........
Copy and complete this sentence:

The numbers on this line go up in steps of ......... .
(KS3/97/Ma/Tier 4-6/P1)
12.
Jeff makes a sequence of patterns with black and grey triangular tiles.
pattern
number
1
pattern
number
2
pattern
number
3
The rule for finding the number of tiles in pattern number N in Jeff's
sequence is:
number of tiles = 1 + 3N
(a)
The 1 in this rule represents the black tile.

What does the 3N represent?
(b)
Jeff makes pattern number 12 in his sequence.

How many black tiles and how many grey tiles does he use?
(c)
Jeff uses 61 tiles altogether to make a pattern in his sequence.

What is the number of the pattern he makes?
32
(d)
Barbara makes a sequence of patterns with hexagonal tiles.
pattern
number
1
pattern
number
2
pattern
number
3
Each pattern in Barbara's sequence has 1 black tile in the middle.

Each new pattern has 6 more grey tiles than the pattern before.
Copy and complete the rule for finding the number of tiles in pattern
number N in Barbara's sequence.
number of tiles = ......... + ........................
(e)
Gwenno uses some tiles to make a different sequence of patterns.

The rule for finding the number of tiles in pattern number N in
Gwenno's sequence is:
number of tiles = 1 + 4 N
Draw what you think the first 3 patterns in Gwenno's sequence
could be.
(KS3/99/Ma/Tier 5-7/P2)
33
10.1
13.
Owen has some tiles like these:

He uses the tiles to make a series of patterns.
pattern
number
1
pattern
number
2
pattern
number
3
pattern
number
4
(a)
Each new pattern has more tiles than the one before.
The number of tiles goes up by the same amount each time.
How many more tiles does Owen add each time he makes a new
pattern?
(b)
How many tiles will Owen need altogether to make pattern number 6 ?
(c)
How many tiles will Owen need altogether to make pattern number 9 ?
(d)
Owen uses 40 tiles to make a pattern.

What is the number of the pattern he makes?
(KS3/98/Ma/Tier 4-6/P2)
34
10.2 Finding the Formula for a Linear Sequence

It is possible to determine a formula for linear sequences, i.e. sequences where the
difference between successive terms is always the same.
The first differences for the number pattern
11
are
14
3
17
3
20
3
23
3
26
...
If we look at the sequence 3n , i.e. the multiples of 3, and compare it with our
original sequence
our sequence
11
14
17
20
23
26
sequence 3n
12
15
18
we can see easily that the formula that generates our number pattern is
nth term of sequence = 3 n + 8
i.e. u n = 3 n + 8
If, however, we had started with the sequence
38
41
44
47
50
53
...
the first differences would still have been 3 and the comparison of this sequence
with the sequence 3n
our sequence
38
41
44
47
50
53
sequence 3n
12
15
18
would have led to the formula u n = 3 n + 35.

In the same way, the sequence
7
...
also has first differences 3 and the comparison

our sequence
sequence 3n
3
6
9
yields the formula u n = 3 n 10 .
12
15
18
From these examples, we can see that any sequence with constant first difference
3 has the formula
u n = 3n + c
where the adjustment constant c may be either positive or negative.
This approach can be applied to any linear sequence, giving us the general rule that:
If the first difference between successive terms
is d, then
un = d n + c
35
10.2
Example 1
Determine a formula for this sequence:

7, 13, 19, 25, 31, ...
Solution
First consider the differences between the terms,
7
13
6
19
6
25
6
31
...
As the difference is always 6, we can write,

u n = 6n + c
As the first term is 7, we can write down the equation:
7 = 6 1+ c
= 6+c
c = 1
So the formula will be,
u n = 6n + 1
We can check that this formula is correct by testing it on other terms, for example,
the 4th term = 6 4 + 1 = 25
which is correct.
Example 2
Determine a formula for this sequence:
2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, ...
Solution
2
7
5
12
5
17
5
22
5
27
...
The difference between each term is always 5, so the formula will be,
u n = 5n + c
36
The first term can be used to form an equation to determine c:

2 = 51+ c
2 = 5+c
c = 3
So the formula will be,
u n = 5n 3
Note that the constant term, c, is given by
c = first term first difference
Example 3
Determine a formula for the sequence:
28, 25, 22, 19, 16, 13, ...
Solution
28
25
3
22
3
19
3
16
3
13
...
Here the difference is negative because the terms are becoming smaller.
Using the difference as 3 gives,
u n = 3n + c
The first term is 28, so
28 = 3 1 + c
28 = 3 + c
c = 31
The general formula is then,
u n = 3 n + 31
or
u n = 31 3 n
37
10.2
Exercises
1.
For the sequence,

7, 11, 15, 19, ...
2.
3.
(a)
calculate the difference between successive terms,
(b)
determine the formula that generates the sequence.
Determine the formula for each of the following sequences:

(a)
6, 10, 14, 18, 22, ...
(b)
11, 13, 15, 17, 19, ...
(c)
9, 16, 23, 30, 37, ...
(d)
34, 56, 78, 100, 122, ...
(e)
22, 31, 40, 49, 58, ...
One number is missing from the following sequence:

1, 6, 11,
4.
5.
, 21, 26, 31
(a)
What is the missing number?
(b)
Calculate the difference between successive terms.
(c)
Determine the formula that generates the sequence.
Determine the general formula for each of the following sequences:

(a)
1, 4, 7, 10, 13, ...
(b)
2, 6, 10, 14, 18, ...
(c)
4, 13, 22, 31, 40, ...
(d)
5, 15, 25, 35, 45, ...
(e)
1, 20, 39, 58, 77, ...
For the sequence,

18, 16, 14, 12, 10, ...
6.
(a)
(b)
determine the formula that generates the sequence.
Determine the general formula for each of the following sequences:

(a)
19, 16, 13, 10, 7, ...
(b)
100, 96, 92, 88, 84, ...
(c)
41, 34, 27, 20, 13, ...
(d)
66, 50, 34, 18, 2, ...
(e)
90, 81, 72, 63, 54, ...
38
7.
For the sequence,

2, 4, 6, 8, 10,
8.
9.
10.
11.
12, ...
(a)
(b)
determine the formula for the sequence.
Determine the formula that generates each of the following sequences:

(a)
0, 5, 10, 15, 20, ...
(b)
18, 16, 14, 12, 10, ...
(c)
5, 8, 11, 14, 17, ...
(d)
8, 1, 6, 13, 20, ...
(e)
7, 3, 1, 5, 9, ...
A sequence has first term 20 and the difference between the terms is
always 31.
(a)
Determine a formula to generate the terms of the sequence.
(b)
The second and third terms of a sequence are 16 and 27. The difference
between successive terms in the sequence is always constant.
(a)
Determine the general formula for the sequence.
(b)
This is a series of patterns

with grey and white tiles.
pattern
number
1
pattern
number
2
each time.
The series of patterns continues by adding

(a)
Copy and complete this table:

pattern number
number of
grey tiles
5
16
39
pattern
number
3
number of
white tiles
10.2
(b)
Copy and complete this table by writing expressions:

pattern number
expression for
the number of
grey tiles
expression for
the number of
white tiles
(c)
Write an expression to show the total number of tiles in pattern

number n. Simplify your expression.
(d)
A different series of patterns is made with tiles.
pattern
number
1
pattern
number
2
pattern
number
3
The series of patterns continues by adding
each time.
For this series of patterns, write an expression to show the total

number of tiles in pattern number n.
Show your working and simplify your expression.
(KS3/98/Ma/Tier 5-7/P1)
10.3 Second Differences and Quadratic Sequences

In section 10.2 we dealt with sequences where the differences between the terms
was a constant value. In this section we extend this idea to sequences where the
differences are not constant.
Example 1
(a)
Calculate the first 6 terms of the sequence defined by the quadratic formula,
un = n2+ n 1
(b)
Calculate the first differences between the terms.
(c)
Comment on the results you obtain.

40
Solution
(a)
Substituting n = 1 gives,
u1 = 12 + 1 1
=1
For n = 2 ,
u2 = 22+ 2 1
=5
For n = 3 ,
u3 = 32 + 3 1
= 11
For n = 4 ,
u4 = 42+ 4 1
= 19
For n = 5 ,
u5 = 52 + 5 1
= 29
For n = 6 ,
u6 = 62+ 6 1
= 41
So the first 6 terms are,
1, 5, 11, 19, 29, 41
(b)
The differences can now be calculated,

1
5
4
(c)
11
6
19
8
29
10
41
12
Note that the differences between the first differences are constant. They are
all equal to 2. These are called the second differences, as shown below.
Sequence
First differences
Second differences
11
6
2
19
8
2
10
2
41
29
41
12
2
10.3
Example 2
(a)
Calculate the first 5 terms of the sequence defined by the quadratic formula
u n = 3n 2 n 2
(b)
Determine the first and second differences for this sequence.
(c)
Comment on your results.
Solution
(a)
For n = 1 ,
u1 = 3 12 1 2
= 31 2
= 0
For n = 2 ,
u2 = 3 22 2 2
= 8
For n = 3 ,
u3 = 3 32 3 2
= 22
For n = 4 ,
u4 = 3 42 4 2
= 42
For n = 5 ,
u5 = 3 52 5 2
= 68
So the sequence is,

0, 8, 22, 42, 68, ...
(b)
The differences are calculated below:

Sequence
First differences
Second differences
(c)
22
14
6
42
20
6
68
...
26
6
Again, the second differences are constant; this time they are all 6.
Note
For a sequence defined by a quadratic formula, the second differences will be
constant and equal to twice the number of n 2 .
For example,
un = n2+ n 1
Second difference = 2
u n = 3n n 2
u n = 5n 2 n + 7
42
Example 3
Determine a formula for the general term of the sequence,
2, 9, 20, 35, 54, ...
Solution
Consider the first and second differences of the sequence:
2
9
7
20
11
35
15
54
...
19
4
As the second differences are constant and equal to 4, the formula will begin
u n = 2 n 2 + ...
To determine the rest of the formula, subtract 2 n 2 from each term of the
sequence, as shown below:
Sequence
20
35
54
2n 2
18
32
50
New sequence
...
The new sequence has a constant difference of 1 and begins with 0, so for this
sequence the formula is n 1 .
Combining this with the 2 n 2 gives
u n = 2n 2 + n 1
Example 4
(a)
(b)
Calculate the first and second differences for the sequence,

4, 1, 0, 1, 4, 9, ...
Use the differences to determine the next 2 terms of the sequence.
(c)
Determine a formula for the general term of the sequence.
Solution
(a)
1
3
0
1
1
1
4
3
...
5
2
43
10.3
(b)
Extending the sequences above gives,

4
1
3
0
1
2
(c)
1
2
16
25
...
9
2
As the second differences are constant and all equal to 2, the formula will
contain an ' n 2 ' term, and be of the form
u n = n 2 + an + b
We must now determine the values of a and b. The easiest way to do this is
to subtract n 2 from each term of the sequence, to form a new, simpler
sequence.
our sequence
sequence n 2
16
25
36
new sequence
9 15 21 27
The new sequence

3
3
6
9 15 21 27
...
has constant first differences of 6 so will be given by 6 n + b .

Using the first term gives,
3 = 6 1 + b
b = 9
Thus the formula for the simpler sequence is 6 n + 9 .
Now combining this with the n 2 term gives,
u n = n 2 6n + 9
44
Exercises
1.
(a)
Calculate the first 6 terms of the sequence defined by,

u n = n 2 + 2n + 1
2.
(b)
Calculate the second differences for the sequence.
(c)
Use the differences to calculate the next 2 terms of the sequence.
A sequence has its general term defined as,

u n = 8n 2 n 1
3.
(a)
What would you expect to be the second differences for the sequence?
(b)
(c)
Calculate the second differences for the sequence. Did you obtain the
values you expected?
A sequence is listed below:

6, 9, 14, 21, 30, 41, ...
4.
5.
(a)
Calculate the second differences for the sequence.
(b)
Determine the formula for the general term of the sequence.
Determine the formula for the general term of each of the following
sequences:
(a)
1, 7, 17, 31, 49, 71, ...
(b)
6, 18, 38, 66, 102, 146, ...
(c)
5, 10, 35, 70, 115, 170, ...
(d)
1, 10, 25, 46, 73, 106, ...
A sequence is listed below:

2, 9, 20, 35, 54, 77, ...
6.
(a)
Calculate the second differences for this sequence.
(b)
Form a simpler sequence by subtracting 2 n 2 from each term.
(c)
Determine a formula for the general term of the simpler sequence.
(d)
Determine a formula for the general term of the original sequence.
(a)
Calculate the second differences of the sequence,

6, 17, 36, 63, 98, 141, ...
(b)
45
10.3
7.
8.
sequences:
(a)
3, 17, 39, 69, 107, ...
(b)
5, 18, 37, 62, 93, ...
(c)
9, 23, 45, 75, 113, ...
(d)
4, 12, 38, 74, 120, ...
(a)
Calculate the second differences for the sequence,

9, 4, 5, 18, 35, ...
9.
(b)
(c)
Hence show that the 20th term of the sequence is 770.
Determine the formula for the general term of the sequence,

6, 10, 12, 12, 10, 6, ...
10.
(a)
Calculate the first, second and third differences for the sequence,
6, 13, 32, 69, 130, 221, ...
(b)
11.
Determine a formula for the general term of the sequence.
This is a series of patterns with grey and black tiles.
pattern
number
1
pattern
number
2
pattern
number
3
(a)
How many grey tiles and black tiles will there be in pattern
number 8 ?
(b)
How many grey tiles and black tiles will there be in pattern
number 16 ?
(c)
How many grey tiles and black tiles will there be in pattern number P ?
(d)
T = total number of grey tiles and black tiles in a pattern

P = pattern number
Use symbols to write down an equation connecting T and P.
(Ks3/96/Ma/Tier 6-8/P2)
46
10.4 Special Sequences

Before going on to look at harder examples, we list some of the important
sequences that you should know:
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, ...
the odd numbers
u n = 2n 1
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, ...

the even numbers
u n = 2n
1, 4, 9, 15, 25, 36, 49, ...

un = n2
the square numbers
1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, ...

un = n3
the cube numbers

1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, ...
un =
the triangular numbers
1
n (n + 1)
2
There is one other important sequence, namely the prime numbers

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, ...
Note: there is no formula for calculating the nth prime number.
We now look at other, harder sequences generated by algebraic rules.
Example 1
(a)
Write down the next 3 terms of the sequence,

1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ...
(b)
Determine a formula for calculating the nth term.
Solution
(a)
Use the first differences to extend the sequence:

1
1
0
2
1
3
1
5
2
8
3
13
...
Note that the first differences, ignoring the first 0, are in fact the actual
sequence itself. These can then be used to extend the sequence:
1
1
0
2
1
3
1
5
2
8
3
13
5
47
21
8
34
13
55
21
...
10.4
(b)
Each term is the sum of the two previous terms; for example,
u3 = u2 + u1
u4 = u3+ u2
We can express this mathematically as,
un = un1 + un2
This formula connects u n to the two previous terms, rather than n which we
used in the earlier sections. This sequence is actually a special sequence and
is called the Fibonacci sequence.
Example 2
The first two terms of a sequence are 1 and 2. The sequence is defined as,
u n = 2 u n 1 + u n 2
Calculate the next 3 terms of the sequence.
Solution
Note that u 1 = 1 and u 2 = 2 .
u 3 = 2u 2 + u 1
= 2 2 +1
= 5
u 4 = 2u 3 + u 2
= 25+2
= 12
u 5 = 2u 4 + u 3
= 2 12 + 5
= 29
So the first 5 terms of the sequence are,
1, 2, 5, 12, 29
Example 3
For the sequence,
6, 12, 24, 48, 96, ...
(a)
calculate the next 2 terms of the sequence,
(b)
determine a general formula for the nth term.

48
Solution
(a)
Note that, in this sequence, each term is twice the previous term.
6
12
2
(b)
24
2
48
2
96
2
192
2
384
...
Consider how each term is formed:

u1 = 6
= 32
u 2 = 12 = 3 2 2 = 3 2 2
u 3 = 24 = 3 2 2 2 = 3 2 3
u 4 = 48 = 3 2 2 2 2 = 3 2 4
Hence the general term will be u n = 3 2 n .

This sequence is an example of an exponential sequence.
Example 4
Consider the sequence,
3
,
5
7
,
8
11
,
11
15
,
14
19
,
17
23
, ...
20
(a)
Write down the next 2 terms of the sequence,
(b)
Determine the general formula for the nth term of the sequence.
Solution
(a)
It is best to consider the numerators and the denominators separately.

First consider the sequence of numerators,
3
7
4
11
4
15
4
19
4
23
...
As the difference between the terms is 4, we have

u n = 4n +a
and using the first term,
3 = 4 1+ a
a = 1
Hence
u n = 4n 1
49
10.4
Now consider the sequence of denominators,

5
8
3
11
3
14
3
17
3
20
...
As the differences between terms is 3, we have

u n = 3n + b
and, using the first term,
5
= 31+ b
= 2
Hence
u n = 3n + 2
So for the given sequence of fractions we have,
un =
4n 1
3n + 2
Example 5
What happens to the sequence defined by,
un =
n 1
n +1
as n becomes larger and larger?
Solution
The following table lists n and u n for several values of n.
From the table it can be seen that the values of u n =
as n increases.
n 1
get larger and larger
n +1
However, the numerator is always smaller than the denominator, so each value
u n must be smaller than 1.
It follows that, as n gets larger and larger, the values of u n must get closer and
closer to 1.
50
un =
n 1
n +1
u n to 3 decimal places
1
3
0.333
2
4
0.5
3
5
0.6
4
6
0.667
10
9
11
0.818
20
19
21
0.905
50
49
51
0.961
100
99
101
0.980
500
499
501
0.996
1000
999
1001
0.998
2000
1999
2001
0.999
Exercises
1.
Calculate the next three terms in each of the following sequences:

(a)
1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, ...
(b)
4, 9, 13, 22, 35, ...
(c)
1 2 3
4
5
,
,
,
,
, ...
2 5 8 11 14
(d)
5, 15, 45, 135, 405, ...
51
10.4
2.
3.
Calculate the first 6 terms of each of the following sequences:

(a)
u 1 = 0,
u2 = 3
u n = u n 1 + u n 2
(b)
u 1 = 3,
u2 = 4
u n = 2 u n 1 + u n 2
(c)
u 1 = 6,
u 2 = 10 ,
u n = 3u n 1 u n 2
(d)
u 1 = 1,
u2 = 2
u n = u n 1 u n 2
(a)
Calculate the next 3 terms of the sequence,
1, 4, 16, 64, 256, ...

(b)
4.
5.
Determine a formula for the nth term of the sequence.
sequences:
(a)
15, 75, 375, 1875, 9375, ...
(b)
1, 3, 9, 27, 81, ...
(c)
20, 200, 2000, 20 000, 200 000, ...
(d)
4, 28, 196, 1372, 9604, ...
(a)
Determine the general formula for the terms of the sequence,

1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, ...
(b)

2, 10, 18, 26, 34, 42, ...
(c)

1
7
13 19 25 31
,
,
,
,
,
, ...
2 10 18 26 34 42
6.
Determine the general formula for the terms of each of the following
sequences:
(a)
1 2 3 4 5
,
,
,
,
, ...
4 5 6 7 8
(b)
1
3
5
7
9
,
,
,
,
, ...
3 11 19 27 35
(c)
5 14 23 32 41
,
,
,
,
, ...
7 12 17 22 27
(d)
1
7
13 19
25
,
,
,
,
, ...
10 20 40 80 160
52
7.
8.
sequences, and also calculate the 10th term of each sequence.
6
9
4 15
,
,
,
, ...
7 11 5 19
(a)
1,
(a)
Complete the following table for u n =

n
(b)
1 3
8 21
,
1,
,
, ...
5 4
7 17
2n
.
n +1
u n to 3 decimal places
un
1
5
10
50
100
500
1000
2000
(b)
9.
Describe what happens to u n as n becomes larger and larger.
Complete tables similar to the one in question 8, for each of the following
sequences:
5n 1
6n + 1
(a) u n =
(b) u n =
n
n
(c)
un =
3n + 1
n +1
(d)
un =
n +1
2n
Comment on the results you obtain.

10.
What do you think will happen to each of the sequences below as n

becomes large?
(a)
un =
4n
n +1
(b)
un =
7n + 1
n
(c)
un =
n
2n + 1
(d)
un =
4n
2n 1
Test your predictions with some larger and larger values of n.
53
10.4
11.
(a)
Here is a number chain:
2 4 6 8 10 12
The rule is: add on 2 each time
A different number chain is:
2 4 8 16 32 64
What could the rule be?
(b)
Some number chains start like this:
1 5
Write down three different ways to continue this number chain.
For each chain write down the next three numbers.
Then write down the rule you are using.
(KS3/97/Ma/Tier 3-5/P2)
12.
Each term of a number sequence is made by adding 1 to the numerator and 2

to the denominator of the previous term.
Here is the beginning of the number sequence:
1 2 3 4 5
,
, ,
,
, ...
3 5 7 9 11
(a)
Write an expression for the nth term of the sequence.
(b)
The first five terms of the sequence are shown on the graph.
0.6
value
of
term
0.5
0.4
0.3
0
2 3 4
term number
The sequence goes on and on for ever.

Which of the following four graphs shows how the sequence continues?
Graph 1
Graph 2
0.45
0.5
value
of
term
value
of
term
0.3
0.3
term number
term number
54
Graph 3
Graph 4
100
value
of
term
value
of
term
0.3
0.3
term number
(c)
term number
The nth term of a different sequence is

The first term of the sequence is
n
.
n +1
2
1
.
2
Write down the next three terms.

(d)
This new sequence also goes on and on for ever.

Which of the four graphs below shows how the sequence continues?
Graph 1
Graph 2
0.5
0.5
value
of
term
value
of
term
0
0
term number
term number
Graph 3
Graph 4
0.5
0.5
value
of
term
value
of
term
0
0
term number
term number
(KS3/99/Ma/Tier 6-8/P1)
55

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MEP Y9 Practice Book B

10.1 Constant Differences

7, 11, 15, 19, 23, ...

1, 9, 17, 25, 33, ...

MEP Y9 Practice Book B

For the second term, substitute n = 2 to give:

the first 3 terms of the sequence,

the 100th term of the sequence,

the 200th term of the sequence.

So the first 3 terms are

MEP Y9 Practice Book B

So the 100th term of the sequence is 797.

So the 200th term of the sequence is 1597.

Write down the next 3 terms of each of the following sequences:

2, 5, 8, 11, 14, ...

9, 18, 27, 36, 45, ...

13, 14, 15, 16, 17, ...

7, 15, 23, 31, 39, ...

Write down the next 3 terms of each of the following sequences:

100, 98, 96, 94, 92, ...

20, 17, 14, 11, 8, ...

48, 43, 38, 33, 28, ...

17, 13, 9, 5, 1, ...

A sequence is defined by the formula u n = 6 n 2.

Calculate the first 5 terms of the sequence.

What is the difference between the terms of the sequence?

A sequence is defined by the formula u n = 8 n + 2 .

Calculate the first 5 terms of the sequence.

What is the difference between the terms of the sequence?

Write down the next 3 terms of the sequence.

Calculate the first 4 terms of the sequence.

What is the difference between the terms of the sequence?

MEP Y9 Practice Book B

Calculate the first 4 terms of the sequence.

How does the difference between terms relate to the formula?

A sequence is given by the formula u n = 11 n 7.

Calculate the 10th term of the sequence.

A sequence is defined by the formula u n = 82 4 n .

Calculate the first 5 terms of the sequence.

What is the difference between terms for the sequence?

How does this difference relate to the formula?

Calculate the 20th term of the sequence.

Calculate the 100th term of the sequence given by u n = 8 n 5 .

Calculate the 25th term of the sequence given by u n = 11 n 3.

Calculate the 200th term of the sequence given by u n = 3 n + 22 .

Calculate the 58th term of the sequence defined by u n = 1000 5 n .

Four sequences, A, B, C and D, are defined by the following formulae:

Which sequences have 4 as their first term?

Which sequence is decreasing?

Which sequence has a difference of 7 between terms?

Which sequence has 301 as its 100th term?

MEP Y9 Practice Book B

Look at this part of a number line.

Copy and complete this sentence:

This is a different number line.

7.8 ......... ......... .........

Copy and complete this sentence:

The 1 in this rule represents the black tile.