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Introduction To Chemical Bonding

This document provides an overview of chemical bonding. It introduces chemical bonds as electrostatic forces of attraction between opposite charges of atoms. There are two main types of bonds: ionic bonds form when atoms transfer electrons, creating positively and negatively charged ions that are attracted. Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons. The document explains how atoms seek to achieve stable electron configurations like noble gases through gaining, losing, or sharing electrons in chemical bonds.

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277 views4 pages

Introduction To Chemical Bonding

This document provides an overview of chemical bonding. It introduces chemical bonds as electrostatic forces of attraction between opposite charges of atoms. There are two main types of bonds: ionic bonds form when atoms transfer electrons, creating positively and negatively charged ions that are attracted. Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons. The document explains how atoms seek to achieve stable electron configurations like noble gases through gaining, losing, or sharing electrons in chemical bonds.

Uploaded by

just_do_it1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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!

Chapter!6:!Chemical)Bonds)

Introduc,on!to!Chemical!Bonding!

Ionic!bonding!
!

Wri,ng!the!name!and!
chemical!formula!of!!
ionic!compounds!
Structure!and!
Proper,es!of!ionic!
compounds!

What)is)a)chemical)bond?)

Covalent!bonding!
!

Wri,ng!the!name!and!
chemical!formula!of!
covalent!compounds!
Structure!and!
Proper,es!of!
covalent!compounds!

1!

2!

What!is!a!chemical)bond?!

Why)form)
chemical)bonds?)

When%Atom%1%and%Atom%2%come%close%together%
Posi,vely!charged!nucleus!of!Atom)1!

a<racts!the!nega,velyCcharged!

CHEMICAL BOND
How)are)chemical)
bonds)formed?)
What)are)the)types)
of)chemical)bonds)
formed?)

Atom)2)

outer!shell!electron!of!Atom)2)

Which)atoms)form)
chemical)bonds?)

Posi,vely!charged!nucleus!of!Atom)2!

a<racts!the!nega,velyCcharged!
3!

Atom)1)

outer!shell!electron!of!Atom)1)
4!

What%can%happen%when%there%is%electrosta7c%
force%of%a9rac7on%between%two%atoms?%

What!is!a!chemical)bond?!

Possibility!1:!An!atom!can!steal!electron(s)!from!another!atom!

A!chemical!bond!is!an)electrosta=c)force)of)
a<rac=on)between)opposite)charges.!!
!
Example:!AIrac,on!between!posi,velyCcharged!
nucleus!of!Atom!1!and!nega,velyCcharged!outer!
shell!electrons!of!Atom!2!

Atom)2)

Atom)1)

5!

Nega=velyAcharged)ion)

Nega=velyAcharged)ion)

Atom)2)

Atom)1)

A)

6!

A)

Posi=velyAcharged)ion)

+)

Posi=velyAcharged)ion)

+)

OppositelyCcharged!ions!are!aIracted!to!each!other.!
This!type!of!aIrac,on!is!called!Ionic)Bond.!
Usually,!metal!atoms!form!posi,velyCcharged!ions.!!
NonCmetal!atoms!form!nega,velyCcharged!ions.!
7!

8!

What%can%happen%when%there%is%electrosta7c%
force%of%a9rac7on%between%two%atoms?%

Drawing%only%the%outer%shell%electrons%

Possibility!2:!An!atom!can!share!electron(s)!with!another!atom!
Atom)1)

Atom)1)

Atom)2)

Atom)2)

Atoms!share!electrons.!!
This!type!of!aIrac,on!is!called!Covalent)Bond.!
9!

How)are)chemical)bonds)formed?)

10!

Why)do)atoms)want)to)form)chemical)bonds?)

Bonds!involve!the!electrons!in!the!outer!shell!of!electrons.!
Each!shell!has!a!maximum!number!of!electrons!it!can!hold.!!
Electrons!ll!the!shells!nearest!to!the!nucleus!rst.!!

Atoms!want!to!obtain!fullyClled!outer!electron!shells,!
hence!achieving!stable!noble!gas!electronic!
congura,on!

1st)shell!holds!a!maximum!
of!2)electrons)
2nd)shell!holds!a!maximum!
of!8)electrons)
3rd)shell!holds!a!
maximum!of!8)electrons)
11!

12!

Recap!

Atomic!structure!of!elements!in!Group)0)

Which)atoms)do)not)form)bonds?)
Atoms)of)noble)gases))
Have!fullyClled!outer!electron!shell!!
Stable!!
!
!
They!do!not!need!to!gain!or!lose!electrons!to!form!
fullyClled!outer!electron!shells!
So,!they!do!not!form!bonds!(Unreac,ve)!

duplet)

octet)

13!

Which)atoms)usually)form)bonds?)

14!

What)are)the)types)of)bonding?)

Atoms)of)Group)I)to)VII)elements)
Have!par,allyClled!outer!electron!shells!!!Unstable!
Need)to)either)gain)or)lose)or)share)electrons)to!form!
fullyClled!outer!electron!shells!!
So!they!usually!form!bonds!

Dierent!types!of!bonds!are!formed!depending!on!the!
types!of!atoms!involved:!
" ionic)bonding!!
!!occurs!between!metal!and!nonAmetal!atoms.!!
" covalent)bonding!!
!!occurs!between!nonAmetals!atoms!only.!
" metallic)bonding!!
To!be!covered!in!later!
!!occurs!between!metal!atoms!only.!! chapter:!Metals!

All!bonds!involve!electrons!
15!

16!

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