Biology Subject Test 2

Dear Future Dentist,

The following Subject Test and explanations contains questions not in test format and should be used to
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learning the vocabulary and practicing DAT-like questions as actually speaking.
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Kaplan Test Prep

2003 Kaplan, Inc.

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PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

1

H
1.0

He
4.0

10

Li
6.9

Be
9.0

B
10.8

C
12.0

N
14.0

O
16.0

F
19.0

Ne
20.2

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Na
23.0

Mg
24.3

Al
27.0

Si
28.1

P
31.0

S
32.1

Cl
35.5

Ar
39.9

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

K
39.1

Ca
40.1

Sc
45.0

Ti
47.9

V
50.9

Cr
52.0

Mn
54.9

Fe
55.8

Co
58.9

Ni
58.7

Cu
63.5

Zn
65.4

Ga
69.7

Ge
72.6

As
74.9

Se
79.0

Br
79.9

Kr
83.8

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

Rb
85.5

Sr
87.6

Y
88.9

Zr
91.2

Nb
92.9

Mo
95.9

Tc
(98)

Ru
101.1

Rh
102.9

Pd
106.4

Ag
107.9

Cd
112.4

In
114.8

Sn
118.7

Sb
121.8

Te
127.6

I
126.9

Xe
131.3

55

56

57

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

Cs
132.9

Ba
137.3

La *
138.9

Hf
178.5

Ta
180.9

W
183.9

Re
186.2

Os
190.2

Ir
192.2

Pt
195.1

Au
197.0

Hg
200.6

Tl
204.4

Pb
207.2

Bi
209.0

Po
(209)

At
(210)

Rn
(222)

87

88

89

104

105

106

107

108

109

Fr
(223)

Ra
226.0

Ac
227.0

Rf
(261)

Ha
(262)

Unh
(263)

Uns
(262)

Uno
(265)

Une
(267)

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

Ce
140.1

Pr
140.9

Nd
144.2

Pm
(145)

Sm
150.4

Eu
152.0

Gd
157.3

Tb
158.9

Dy
162.5

Ho
164.9

Er
167.3

Tm
168.9

Yb
173.0

Lu
175.0

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

Th
232.0

Pa
(231)

U
238.0

Np
(237)

Pu
(244)

Am
(243)

Cm
(247)

Bk
(247)

Cf
(251)

Es
(252)

Fm
(257)

Md
(258)

No
(259)

Lr
(260)

_________________________________________________________________________

BIOLOGY SUBJECT TEST 2

Biology Subject Test 2

1.

Which of the following is in a different chemical

category than the others?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

2.

A portal system

The contractile vacuole of Euglena decreases its rate of

contraction when the organism is transferred from fresh
water to sea water. This is explained by

6.

The chromosome number remains unchanged as a result

of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

The distance between linked genes is often measured by

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

7.

probability of crossing over.

frequency of silent mutations.
histone concentrations.
distance between ribosomes on mRNA.
AT/GC ratio.

Disjunction is defined as
A. when the paternal chromosomes separate from the
maternal chromosomes.
B. when homologous pairs of chromosomes
recombine.
C. when the spindle apparatus is formed from the
centrioles.
D. when the cell membrane invaginates to form two
daughter cells.
E. None of the above

A. a decrease in the osmotic pressure of the

environment.
B. an increase in the osmotic pressure of the
environment.
C. the nitrogenous wastes can remain in the cell
because of a higher salt concentration outside the
cell.
D. excess salts are eliminated without the loss of water.
E. salt inhibits the contractile apparatus.
4.

Which of the following is a correct association?

A. Mitochondria : transports materials from the nucleus
to the cytoplasm
B. Golgi apparatus : modification and glycosylation of
proteins
C. Endoplasmic reticulum : selective barrier for the cell
D. Ribosome : digestive enzymes most active at an acid
pH
E. Lysosomes : membrane-bound organelles which
convert fat into sugars

Cytosine
Thymine
Arginine
Guanine
Uracil

A. receives blood directly from the aorta.

B. carries blood from one set of capillaries through a
vein to another set of capillaries.
C. always empties into the liver.
D. is present in the walls of the ventricles.
E. links the small intestine and kidney.
3.

5.

Questions 8-12 refer to the choices below

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

meiosis.
mitosis.
fertilization.
non-disjunction in all gametes formed.
None of the above

Copulation
Fertilization
Meiosis
Mitosis
Parthenogenesis

8.

Results in the production of male bees

9.

Tetrads are formed in this process

10. Fusion of the nuclei of two gametes

11. May result in the formation of polar bodies
12. A form of asexual reproduction yielding progeny
without fertilization of the ova
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B I O L O G Y S U B J E C T T E S T 2 _________________________________________________________________________
13. Which of the following is (are) derived from the
mesoderm?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Heart
Lung epithelium
Intestinal mucosa
Nerve
Two of the above

19. During what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Interkinesis

20. The blood group antigens are an example of

14. Which of the following is NOT a steroid?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Cholesterol
Vitamin D
Testosterone
Carotene
Cortisol

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

pleiotropy.
incomplete dominance.
codominance.
epistasis.
incomplete penetrance.

21. Sex-linked traits such as hemophilia and colorblindness

15. Which of the following yields 4 calories/gram?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Glucose
Proteins
Fats
Two of the above
All of the above

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

are located on autosomes.

are always dominant.
are found in genetic bottlenecks.
have been selected out of the population.
are rarely seen in females.

22. Cell division

16. The rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction can be
influenced by all of the following EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Substrate concentration
Temperature
Enzyme concentration
Rate constant
pH

17. What is the probability of a white, long tailed mouse

from the cross of a heterozygous black, heterozygous
long-tailed mouse with a homozygous recessive white,
homozygous recessive short tailed mouse?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

0%
25%
50%
75%
100%

18. PGAL
A. is considered the prime end product of
photosynthesis.
B. can be used immediately as food.
C. can be combined and rearranged to form glucose.
D. can be stored as insoluble polysaccharides such as
starch.
E. All of the above
2

A. is a mechanism by which a cell halves its organelles

and cytoplasm.
B. does not involve DNA replication.
C. is a way for multicellular organisms to grow,
develop, and repair.
D. is also known as mitosis.
E. None of the above
23. In Drosophila, the gene for red eyes (w+) is dominant
over the gene for white eyes (w). Round eye (B+) is
dominant to Bar eye (B). A fly of an unknown genotype
is crossed against a white bar eyed fly. The phenotypic
ratio of the offspring is
25% Red, round eyed
25% Red, bar eyed
25% White, round eyed
25% White, bar eyed
What is the genotype of the unknown parent?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

w+w+ B+B+
w+w B+B+
w+w BB
ww B+B
w+w B+B

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24. How many ATP are produced from 2 molecules of

glucose using only substrate level phosphorylation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

4
8
36
38
40

25. In the DNA of C. elegans, 15% of the bases are guanine,

what percentage are thymines?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

15%
20%
35%
70%
85%

26. Which of the following is true regarding lipids?

A. They are composed primarily of elements C, H, O,
& N.
B. Maltose is an example of a lipid.
C. The C:H:O ratio is 1:2:1.
D. The secondary structure is composed of alpha
helices and beta pleated sheets.
E. It is the chief means of long term food storage in
animals.
27. In pedigree analysis, which of the following would lead
you to assume autosomal dominance?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

The trait skips every other generation.

The trait shows up in every generation.
The trait shows up mainly in females.
The trait shows up mainly in males.
The trait is always masked by another allele.

28. Very early in embryonic development, each cell still has

the ability to develop into a complete organism. These
cells result from
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

indeterminate cleavage.
determinate cleavage.
blastulation.
gastrulation.
None of the above

BIOLOGY SUBJECT TEST 2

29. The insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in a

cells DNA results in a
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

thymine dimer.
missense mutation.
frameshift mutation.
nonsense mutation.
degenerate genetic code.

30. According to the theory of blood groups, which of the

following statements is FALSE?
A. Type O blood contains no agglutinins.
B. Agglutinins are antibodies.
C. Type A blood contains agglutinins for type B
agglutinogens.
D. Agglutinogens are antigens.
E. Rh factor is a type of agglutinogen found in human
blood.
31. During what stage of cell division do chromosomes go
from single-stranded to double-stranded?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

32. What level(s) of protein structure is characterized by helices and -sheets?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Secondary and tertiary

33. According to modern evolutionary theory, chloroplasts

probably descended from:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

free living heterotrophs.

mitochondria.
free living autotrophs.
eukaryotic cells.
red algae.

KAPLAN _________________________________________________________________3

B I O L O G Y S U B J E C T T E S T 2 _________________________________________________________________________
34. How many genetically different gametes can be formed
by a mouse that is genotypically AABbCc? (Assume no
linkage between these genes and that none are lethal.)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

4
6
7
8
9

35. Active transport is best defined as

A. diffusion of soluble substances across a membrane
from a region of high concentration to low
concentration.
B. osmosis of water across a semi-permeable
membrane involving the hydrolysis of polypeptides.
C. the movement of materials across a semipermeable
membrane against an electrochemical gradient.
D. the movement of materials across a semipermeable
membrane with an electrochemical gradient.
E. the movement of substances across a membrane in
accordance with the Donnan equilibrium.

39. In which of the following would you find cristae?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Ribosomes

40. Which of the following is not a necessary condition for

the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Random mating
Large gene pool
Random emigration and immigration
Forward mutation rate equals backward mutation
rate
E. No inbreeding

STOP! END OF TEST.

36. Which of the following cells does not have DNA?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Phagocyte
Epithelial cell
Erythrocyte
Paramecium
Sperm

37. Continuous muscle contraction causes a buildup of lactic

acid because
A. it is a breakdown product of ADP.
B. it is a degredation product of phosphocreatine.
C. it is a metabolic end-product of anaerobic
metabolism.
D. it is a breakdown product of fatty acid degradation.
E. actomyosin contraction releases cross-links of
lactate.
38. What is the major difference between prokaryotes and
eukaryotes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Only eukaryotes have a cell wall.

Eukaryotes are all autotrophic.
Eukaryotes lack ribosomes.
Prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane.
Prokaryotes have mitochondria.

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BIOLOGY SUBJECT TEST 2

THE ANSWER KEY AND EXPLANATIONS BEGIN ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE.

KAPLAN _________________________________________________________________5