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6.12. Problems: 1. Show that the following functions satisfy Laplace equation Δf = 0

This document contains 30 problems related to partial derivatives and functions of several variables. The problems cover topics like determining whether functions satisfy Laplace's equation, computing directional derivatives, finding local extrema of functions, and solving optimization problems with constraints.

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Alecsandra Rusu
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139 views6 pages

6.12. Problems: 1. Show that the following functions satisfy Laplace equation Δf = 0

This document contains 30 problems related to partial derivatives and functions of several variables. The problems cover topics like determining whether functions satisfy Laplace's equation, computing directional derivatives, finding local extrema of functions, and solving optimization problems with constraints.

Uploaded by

Alecsandra Rusu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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224

Chapter 6

with the solution


w = (v)
where is an arbitrary function of class C 1 . Therefore


1 1

.
z(x, y) =
y x

6.12. Problems
1. Show that the following functions satisfy Laplace equation f = 0.
a) f (x, y) = ex cos y, (x, y) R2 ;
b) f (x, y) = ex (x cos y y sin y), (x, y) R2 ;
c) f (x, y) = ln(x2 + y 2 ), (x, y) = (0, 0);
y
d) f (x, y) = arctan , x = 0.
x

2. Let r(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 , (x, y, z) R3 . Prove that:
 
1
= 0,

2
r = ,
r

(ln r) =

1
.
r2


3. Prove that the function f (x, y) = x ln(x + r) r, r = x2 + y 2 ,
1
satises the relation f =
.
x+r
4. Suppose that f C 2 (R2 ) and f = 0. Prove that the function

F (x, y) = f

x
y
, 2
2
2
x + y x + y2


,

(x, y) = (0, 0),

satises Laplace equation.


5. Let f : R2 R be given by the relation f (x, y) = xey + yex . Prove
that
3f
3f
3f
3f
.
+
=
x
+
y
x3
y 3
xy 2
x2 y

Dierential calculus. Functions of several variables

225

6. Prove that the function f : R2 R given by the relation

(x2 + y 2 ) sin  1
, (x, y) = (0, 0)
x2 + y 2
f (x, y) =

0,
(x, y) = (0, 0)
is dierentiable at (0, 0), even its partial derivatives are discontinuous at
(0, 0).
7. Study the dierentiability of f : R3 R

xp y pz p

, (x, y, z) = (0, 0, 0)
x2 + y 2 + z 2
f (x, y, z) =
,

0,
(x, y, z) = (0, 0, 0)

p N,

at the point (0, 0, 0).


8. Let f : R R be a dierentiable on R, g(0) = 0, g  (0) = 0 and
let f : R2 R be dened by

2
2
g(xy) x y , (x, y) = (0, 0)
x2 + y 2
f (x, y) =

0,
(x, y) = (0, 0)
a) Prove that f is dierentiable at (0, 0) and df (0, 0) = 0.


(0, 0) = fyx
(0, 0).
b) Show that fxy

9. Let f C 2 (R2 ) be an homogeneous function of order p. Then f


satises the following relation

(2)

x1
+ x2
+ + xn
f = p(p 1)f.
x1
x2
xn
10. Compute the directional derivative of the function
f (x, y, z) = x3 + y 2 + 6xyz
at a = (1, 1, 0) on the direction of the straight line passing through a and
b = (4, 2, 3).

226

Chapter 6
11. Prove that the directional derivative of the function
f (x, y) =

y2
,
x

x = 0,

at any point of the ellipse 2x2 + y 2 = 1 in the direction of the normal to


the ellipse is equal to zero.
12. Find the derivative of the function

1
f (x, y, z) = , r = x2 + y 2 + z 2 ,
r
in the direction of its gradient.
m+n f
13. Compute
for the following functions:
xm y n
x+y
, (x, y) R2 , x = y;
a) f (x, y) =
xy
b) f (x, y) = (x2 + y 2 )ex+y , (x, y) R2 .
14. Find the nth dierential of the functions:
a) f (x, y) = eax+by , (x, y) R2 , a, b R;
b) f (x, y, z) = ln(xx y y z z ), x, y, z > 0.
15. Let Pn (x, y, z) be a homogeneous polynomial function of nth degree. Show that:
dn Pn (x, y, z) = n!Pn (dx, dy, dz).
16. Suppose that , C 2 (R).
a) Prove that f (x, y) = x(x + y) + y(x + y) satises the relation

+ fy2 = 0.
fx2 2fxy

b) Prove that the function


f (x, y) =

+ x

satises the relation



x2 fx2 + 2xyfxy
+ y 2fy2 = 0.

Dierential calculus. Functions of several variables

227

17. Suppose that f C 1 (R2 ) and a, b, c > 0. Prove that


y z

,
F (x, y, z) = xa f
xb xc
satises the relation
xFx + byFy + czFz = aF.
18. Find rst several terms of the expansion of the function f into
Taylors series in a neighborhood of the point a:
a) f (x, y) = x2 xy y 2,

a = (1, 1);

b) f (x, y) = ln(1 + x) ln(1 + y), a = (0, 0);


cos x
, a = (0, 0).
c) f (x, y) =
cos y
19. Find the local extrema of the following functions:
a) f (x, y) = x3 y 2 (12 x y), (x, y) R2 ;
b) f (x, y) = x3 + y 2 6xy 39x + 18x + 20, (x, y) R2 ;
a3 a2
c) f (x, y) = x2 + xy + y 2 +
+ , xy = 0, a R;
x
y
d) f (x, y) = x4 + y 4 2x2 + 4xy 2y 2 , (x, y) R2 ;
e) f (x, y) = x2 + xy + y 2 4 ln x 10 ln y, x, y > 0;
f) f (x, y) = (x2 + y 2)exy , (x, y) R2 ;
g) f (x, y, z) = 2x2 y 2 4z 2 4xy 2x 2y 4z, (x, y, z) R3 ;
z2 2
y2
+
+ , x, y, z > 0;
h) f (x, y, z) = x +
4x
y
z
i) f (x, y, z) = xyz(4 x y z), (x, y, z) R3 .
20. Find the set of all values of the function
f (x, y) = arctan x + arctan y arctan

x+y
,
1 xy

where (x, y) R2 , xy = 1.
21. Prove that the equation x2 + 2y 2 + 3z 3 + xy z 9 = 0 denes
an implicit function z(x, y) in a neighborhood of the point (1, 2, 1) and
compute zx , zy .

228

Chapter 6
22. If f is a function of class C 1 and the equation
f (x + y + z, x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) = 0

denes an implicit function z(x, y) show that


(y z)zx + (z x)zy = x y.
23. Suppose that a, b, c R and f C 1 (R). If the equation
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = f (ax + by + cz)
denes an implicit function z(x, y) prove that
(cy bz)zx + (az cx)zy = bx ay.
24. Suppose that the equation


z
z
f x + ,y +
=0
y
x
denes an implicit function z(x, y), where f C 1 (R2 ).
Prove that the following relation holds
xzx + yzy = z xy.
25. Consider the equation with partial derivatives

+ czy2 = 0
azx2 + 2bzxy

where a, b, c R, ac b2 < 0. Find , R such that by the change of


variables of the form

u = x + y
v = x + y

the equation becomes



wuv
= 0.

Dierential calculus. Functions of several variables

229

26. Transform the following equations by the given change of variables:

a2
1
y = 0, a R, x = ;
2
x
t
b) (1 x2 )y  xy  + ay = 0, x = sin t;

u = x at
, a R;
c) zt2 a2 zx2 = 0, z = z(t, x),
v = x + at

u=x+y
a) x2 y  + xy  +


+ zy2 = 0,
d) zx2 + 2zxy

v =xy

w = xy z
27. Find the local extrema of the implicite functions dened by the
following equations:
a) x3 + y 3 3x2 y 3 = 0, y = y(x);
b) x2 2xy + 5y 2 2x + 4y 5 = 0, y = y(x);
c) x2 + y 2 + z 2 xz yz + 2x + 2y + 2z + 2 = 0, z = z(x, y).
28. Find the conditional extrema of the following functions:
x y
a) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2, + = 1, a, b = 0;
a b
b) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 6x + 8y, x2 + y 2 = 1;
c) f (x, y, z) = x + y + z, x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, 2x + 2y + z = 1;
d) f (x, y, z) = xyz, x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, x + y + z = 0.
29. Find the maximum and the minimum of the following functions:
a) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 10x + 26y, x2 + y 2 1;
b) f (x, y, z) = 2x2 + 2y 2 xy + z 4 2z 2 , x2 + y 2 + 2z 2 8.
x2
+ y 2 + z 2 = 1 nd the points
30. On the ellipsoid of revolution
96
least distant and most distant from the plane 3x + 4y + 12z = 288.

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