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Unit 3 Math Overview

The document provides an overview of unit 3 on quadratic functions taught in period 5. It covers the following topics: 1) The three forms of quadratic functions: standard form, factored form, and vertex form. 2) Methods for determining the maximum or minimum value of a quadratic function using vertex form, factoring, or partial factoring. 3) How to find the inverse of a quadratic function by switching x and y and rearranging the equation. 4) Rules for operations involving radicals like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 5) Techniques for solving quadratic equations using factoring or the quadratic formula.

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micjen
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105 views

Unit 3 Math Overview

The document provides an overview of unit 3 on quadratic functions taught in period 5. It covers the following topics: 1) The three forms of quadratic functions: standard form, factored form, and vertex form. 2) Methods for determining the maximum or minimum value of a quadratic function using vertex form, factoring, or partial factoring. 3) How to find the inverse of a quadratic function by switching x and y and rearranging the equation. 4) Rules for operations involving radicals like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 5) Techniques for solving quadratic equations using factoring or the quadratic formula.

Uploaded by

micjen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Period 5

Unit 3 Quadratic Functions.

3.1 Properties of Quadratic Functions


There are three forms of a Quadratic function
(a) Standard Form
y = ax2 + bx + c
a is the direction of the opening of the graph.
If a>0 open upwards.
if a<0 open downwards.
The coefficient in front of a will be multiplied into your step
pattern
c is your intercept for y
(b) Factored Form
y = a(x-s)(x-r)
r and s are the roots of the parabola
Standard Factored Form
Multiply a * c and use M.A.N method.
(c) Vertex Form
y = a(x-h) 2 +k
(h , k ) are your vertex.
h is your AOS
k is your max/min vertex.
Standard Vertex
Complete the square.
When Given a TOV
Second differences are the same quadratic
The vertex in a TOV is your turning point.
You can determine your zeros, equation and vertex.

3.2 Deterring Max/Min of a Quadratic Function.

There are three methods of finding the max/min of a quadratic.


1. Vertex form
. Complete the square to find (h.k)
2. Factoring Method
. Determine AOS, plot into y = a(x-s)(x-r).
3. Partial Factoring
. when a term cannot be factored
. Partial factoring works because the AOS between any
two given points on a graph is the same.
. Find the AOS, and sub in to determine max/min value
. see study guide for details.

Application - Determine Max Area:


Using the formula for area, use distributive property to get the
equation into standard form.
o A = ax2 + bx + c
Use the appropriate method (preferably partial factoring) to
determine the max area; by solving for area.
Sub in the AOS in to the dimensions given, to determine the
dimensions that the area is maximized at.
Revenue, Profit, Cost.
Revenue = #items x price of each item
r(x) = x * p(x)
Profit = revenue cost
P(x) = r(x) c(x)
Break-even point is when the P(x) = 0; solve for the x values.

3.3 The Inverse of a Quadratic Function

To determine the equation of an inverse function:


1. Switch the "x" and "y"
2. Rearrange to solve for "y"
3. Restrict the domain to the principle branch to make inverse function
Principle Branch: The half of the quadratic function that is pointing
towards
The positive values on a graph.
NOTE: if the graph is opening downwards, that indicates that the
Y values are decreasing therefore when the graph is inversed, the x
values will be decreasing.

3.4 - Operations with Radicals

Key Concepts:
A radical is a root (square, cube, or higher)

Example 1: 9 3 x 3 = 3
Example 2: 27 3 x 3 x 3 = 3
An entire radical is a radical with a coefficient of 1 i.e. 4, 12
A mixed radical is a radical with a coefficient other than 1 i.e.
75
Rules of Operations:
For multiplication and division
a x b = ab
a/b = a / b
2

a2b = ab
ca x db = cdab
* Like multiplying fractions (numerators x numerators and
denominators x denominators) we multiply radicals (coefficients x
coefficients and roots x roots)
For addition and subtraction
ca + da = (c + d)a
ca + db does not equal (c + d) a + b

* Like adding and subtracting fractions (denominators must be the


same, find lowest common denominator), only collect like radicals
which have same roots

3.5 - Solving Quadratic Equations

Basically encompasses all the methods learned in this unit for


solving quadratic functions
o That is, through Factoring
o Or using the quadratic equation (formula):

Solutions can be expressed exactly by using radical or rational


numbers or approx. with decimals

3.6 Zeros Of a Quadratic Function

A quadratic function can have 0, 1 or 2 zeros;


To determine the zeros you can, graph, factor, or use the Quadratic
Formul
You can identify the number of zeros by solving for Discriminant.
Discriminant: the quantity under the radical sign, that helps you to
solve for the zeroes.
Value of the Discriminant

3.7- Families of Quadratic Functions


Key Concepts:
How to determine or solve an equation
knowing the x-intercepts
Substitute x - intercepts into
factored form [y = a(x-r)(x-s)]
and substitute a known point
and solve for a
How to determine or solve an equation
knowing the vertex
Substitute the vertex into
vertex form [y=a(x-h)2 + k]
and substitute a known point
and solve for a
Families of a quadratic often share a
point(s) in common.

3.8- Linear- Quadratic Systems

Key Concepts:
A linear and quadratic function will intersect at 2 points AT MOST
Point of intersection between a line[g(x)] and a parabola [f(x)]
can be found two ways:
By factoring x
Set f(x) = g(x) and get it in standard form [ax2
+ bx + c =0)
Using Quadratic formula
Find the zero(s), then substitute into original
equations f(x) or g(x) to find the y-coordinates
Determine how many point(s) of intersection between a
line[g(x)] and a parabola [f(x)]:
By factoring x
Set f(x) = g(x) and get it in standard form [ax2
+ bx + c =0)
Find the discriminant
If the D = 0 there is one point of intersection
If the D > 0 (positive number) there is two P.O.I
If the D < 0 (negative number) there are no
P.O.I

Study Guide NEED TO KNOW


1. How do I complete the square?
Solve

x2 + 6x 7 = 0 by completing the square.

Remember; If the coefficient of a>1 then multiply the negative value of (b/2)2 by
the coefficient of a as you bring it to the other side, making it a positive number.

2. How do I use the Quadratic Formula?


Solve x2 + 3x 4 = 0
Using a

= 1, b = 3, and c = 4, my solution looks like this:

Then, as expected, the solution is x

= 4, x = 1.

4. How do I Partial Factor?

Steps to follow when Partial Factoring.


This is the original equation
5x + 10x2 + 6 = 0
Factor ax from the equation,
leaving the C term by itself. This
5x( x + 2 ) + 6 = 0
should only affect your b value.
5x = 0
Set your x value to zero. Solve.
x+2 = 0
therefore, x = 0 and x = -2
Remember these are not your
roots to your graph, these values
Therefore, when x = 0 y = 6 and
of x only occur when the y = C
when x = -2 y= 6
value.
Determine your AOS, by using the
Since x1 = 0 & x2 = -2
formula X1 + X2 / 2 = AOS
(0)+(-2)/2 = -1
therefore AOS = -1
Sub in AOS into the original
Y= 5(-1) + 10 (-1)2 + 6
equation
Y=1
In conclusion, the minimum value (since a>1) of this graph is
y=1 when x = -1.

4. How Do I Inverse a function?

Steps to follow when inversing a function.


This is the original equation
f(x)=3(x-2) 2-4
(x)=3(y-2) 2-4
Switch x and y; solve for x
Use opposite of BEDMAS, adding
becomes subtraction on other
side.
Multiplication becomes division on
other side.
Place a +- , since it is the
opposite of 2
The last term, which was inside of
the bracket, will remain on the
outside of the + since it is a
function.

x+4=3(y-2) 2-4

x+4/3=(y-2) 2

+/- x+4/3=y-2

+x+4/3+2=f-1(x)

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