R04 EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

EST3 Smoke Management
Application Manual
P/N 270913 REV 04 REB 18JAN13
Copyright
Trademarks and
patents
2013 UTC Fire & Security. All rights reserved.

The EST3 name and logo are trademarks of UTC Fire & Security.
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows XP are trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation.
Other trade names used in this document may be trademarks or
registered trademarks of the manufacturers or vendors of the
respective products.
Manufacturer
Contact information
Edwards, A Division of UTC Fire & Security

Americas Corporation, Inc.
8985 Town Center Parkway, Bradenton, FL 34202, USA
For contact information, see www.est-fire.com.
Content
Important information ii
Chapter 1
Building fire geometry and smoke movement 1

Introduction to the fire problem 3
Products of combustion 5
Principals of smoke control 14
Types of systems 18
Smoke control system components 35
Additional reading 49
Chapter 2
Smoke-control system hardware 51

The EST3 smoke control system 52
EST3 smoke control system design considerations 54
FSCS firefighters smoke control station (FSCS) 62
Components 81
FSCS series smoke control graphics annunciators 89
FSCS current requirements 95
Wiring diagrams 96
Chapter 3
Smoke control system programming 103

Programming smoke control 105
Understanding objects, labels, and rules 106
Developing a labeling plan 108
Smoke control considerations and sequencing 110
Rules for smoke control programming 112
Rule example 116
HVAC and system control examples 120
Chapter 4
Smoke control acceptance and testing 133

Testing 134
Smoke control panel acceptance test procedure 134
EST3 SCS detection acceptance testing 144
Smoke control input modules 146
Smoke control output modules 147
Dedicated systems 148
Additional considerations 151
Glossary 155
EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual
Important information
Regulatory information
This product has been designed to meet the requirements of NFPA 72 National
Fire Alarm Code, UL 864 Standard for Control Units for Fire Protective Signaling
Systems, and ULC S527 Standard for Control Units for Fire Alarm Systems.
Limitation of liability
To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event will UTC Fire &
Security be liable for any lost profits or business opportunities, loss of use,
business interruption, loss of data, or any other indirect, special, incidental, or
consequential damages under any theory of liability, whether based in contract,
tort, negligence, product liability, or otherwise. Because some jurisdictions do not
allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental
damages the preceding limitation may not apply to you. In any event the total
liability of UTC Fire & Security shall not exceed the purchase price of the product.
The foregoing limitation will apply to the maximum extent permitted by applicable
law, regardless of whether UTC Fire & Security has been advised of the
possibility of such damages and regardless of whether any remedy fails of its
essential purpose.
Installation in accordance with this manual, applicable codes, and the instructions
of the authority having jurisdiction is mandatory.
While every precaution has been taken during the preparation of this manual to
ensure the accuracy of its contents, UTC Fire & Security assumes no
responsibility for errors or omissions.
Advisory messages
Advisory messages alert you to conditions or practices that can cause unwanted
results. The advisory messages used in this document are shown and described
below.
WARNING: Warning messages advise you of hazards that could result in injury
or loss of life. They tell you which actions to take or to avoid in order to prevent
the injury or loss of life.
Caution: Caution messages advise you of possible equipment damage. They tell
you which actions to take or to avoid in order to prevent the damage.
ii
Note: Note messages advise you of the possible loss of time or effort. They
describe how to avoid the loss. Notes are also used to point out important
information that you should read.
EST3 FCC compliance

This equipment can generate and radiate radio frequency energy. If this
equipment is not installed in accordance with this manual, it may cause
interference to radio communications. This equipment has been tested and found
to comply with the limits for Class A computing devices pursuant to Subpart B of
Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These rules are designed to provide reasonable
protection against such interference when this equipment is operated in a
commercial environment. Operation of this equipment is likely to cause
interference, in which case the user at his own expense, will be required to take
whatever measures may be required to correct the interference.
3-MODCOM FCC compliance
The dialer complies with Part 68 of the FCC rules. The Dialers FCC
registration number and the Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) are on the
back of the dialer. This information must be provided to the telephone
company, if requested.
An FCC compliant telephone cord and modular plug cord is supplied with the
dialer. The dialer is designed to be connected to the telephone network using
the supplied cord and an RJ31X or RJ38X jack, which must also comply with
FCC Part 68 rules.
The REN is used to determine the quantity of devices which may be

connected to the telephone line. Excessive RENs on the telephone line may
result in the devices not ringing in response to an incoming call. In most, but
not all areas, the sum of RENs should not exceed five (5). To be certain the
number of devices that may be connected to a line, as determined by the total
RENs, contact the local telephone company.
If the dialer causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company
will notify you in advance that temporary discontinuance of service may be
required. If advance notice isnt practical, the telephone company will notify
you as soon as possible. You will also be advised of your right to file a
complaint with the FCC, if you believe it is necessary.
The telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment,

operations, or procedures that could affect the operation of the dialer. If this
happens, the telephone company will provide advance notice in order for you
to make necessary modifications to maintain uninterrupted service.
iii
If trouble is experienced with the dialer, for repair or warranty information,

contact UTC Fire & Security, 8985 Town Center Parkway, Bradenton, Florida,
USA 34202. Telephone: 1-800-655-4497. If the dialer is causing harm to the
telephone network, the telephone company may request you disconnect the
dialer until the problem is resolved.
No repairs may be performed on the dialer by the user.
The dialer cannot be used on public coin phone or party line service provided
by the telephone company.
3-MODCOM Industry Canada information

Note: The Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment. This certification
means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective,
operational, and safety requirements. Industry Canada does not guarantee the
equipment will operate to the users satisfaction.
Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be
connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company. The
equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection. The
customer should be aware that compliance with the above conditions may not
prevent degradation of service in some situations.
Repairs to certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian
maintenance facility designated by the supplier. Any repairs or alterations made
by the user to this equipment, or equipment malfunctions, may give the
telecommunications company cause to request the user disconnect the
equipment.
Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground
connections of the power utility, telephone lines, and internal metallic water pipe
system, if present, are connected together. This precaution may be particularly
important in rural areas.
Caution: Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves, but
should contact the appropriate electric inspection authority, or electrician, as
appropriate
Note: The Load Number (LN) assigned to each terminal device denotes the
percentage of the total load to be connected to a telephone loop which is used by
the device, to prevent overloading. The termination on a loop may consist of any
combination of devices subject only to the requirements that the sum of the Load
Numbers of all the devices does not exceed 100.
iv
Chapter 1
Building fire geometry and
smoke movement
Summary
This Chapter introduces the basics of smoke development and control. Theory of
smoke management and building equipment for smoke control are covered along
with requirements for the installation of an effective EST3 smoke control system
(SCS).
Content
Introduction to the fire problem 3
Architectural factors in the spread of smoke 3
Smoke management 4
Products of combustion 5
Fire 5
Smoke 6
Smoke movement 6
Principals of smoke control 14
Fire protection approaches 14
Smoke management mechanisms 14
Design factors 15
Types of systems 18
Smoke control systems 19
Dedicated 21
Non-dedicated 21
HVAC systems 22
Stairwell pressurization systems 27
Elevator smoke control 30
Zoned smoke control systems 32
Atriums 33
Chapter 1: Building fire geometry and smoke movement
Smoke control system components 35

Controls 35
Smoke control system activation and deactivation 37
Initiating circuits 38
Smoke control output circuits 40
Panel and component operation 44
Additional reading 49
Introduction to the fire problem

Architectural factors in the spread of smoke
Smoke is considered the primary hazard that puts occupants of buildings at risk
during a fire. Heat from fire, while an important threat, is usually confined to the
area of fire origin. In contrast, smoke readily spreads from the area of fire origin
to adjacent rooms or spaces and to parts of a building remote from the origin of
the fire. Smoke can contaminate escape routes including stairs and elevators,
rendering them unusable and resulting in occupants who are trapped in or near
the fire due to their inability to escape.
More people in building fires are exposed to the hazards of smoke than heat.
Smoke is a particularly serious hazard in buildings requiring long egress times for
complete evacuation. As buildings increase in height the hazard to occupants
increases also, with the time for a high building to become tenable being less
than the building's actual evacuation time.
From a smoke management standpoint, a high-rise building is one in which
evacuation time of able-bodied and mobility-impaired occupants is considered
excessive. Model building and fire codes typically classify high-rise buildings as
those with the highest floor 75 feet or more above grade. Local modifications to
the nationally recognized codes in some areas classify high-rise buildings as
being six or more floors or as little as 50 feet above grade. The lower height
classifications for high-rise buildings are often based upon the height which fire
department aerial ladders can reach. Buildings classified as high-rise buildings
typically require the installation of automatic sprinklers.
Early high-rise buildings did not impose major smoke hazard problems in fires
due to noncombustible or limited combustible construction materials and
extensive compartmentation. Since mid-century, changes in construction
materials, building design, and occupancy practices have resulted in increased
fire loads.
Fire compartment size has increased with central core service areas and open
floor plans. Combustible furnishings, interior linings, ceiling tiles, partitions, and
thermal and electrical insulation in modern buildings have increased the fire load
compared to earlier buildings. Modern materials, such as plastics, generate
dense toxic smoke, which increases the threat to occupants in a fire.
In 1963, John Portman, an architect and developer, introduced modern large
building atriums as a building element in the 23-story Hyatt Regency hotel in
Atlanta, Georgia. Atrium buildings, which provide large interior spaces, have
gained in popularity to the point of being used in nearly all types of occupancies.
Atriums in hotels, malls, hospitals and office buildings interconnect floor spaces
and create new problems in confining fire and smoke movement. In the late
1960s, building and fire code officials in North America recognized the increased
fire hazards created by atriums and universally required the installation of
automatic sprinkler systems in larger atriums and adjacent spaces.
Fire and smoke in an atrium initially moves and performs similar to a fire in an
open outdoor area with heat and smoke rising and spreading towards the ceiling.
However, with the interaction of automatic sprinklers, mechanical air movement,
and the atrium ceiling, the atrium and adjacent floor spaces can quickly become
contaminated with smoke. Occupants relying upon egress paths using exits or
enclosed stairs through atriums are dependent upon the ability to use these
spaces in the early stages of a fire event. Smoke control systems are a critical
element in the common space evacuation scenario.
Smoke management
Smoke management is one of the primary tools used in the built environment for
containing the effects of fire. Smoke management includes all methods that can
be used alone or in combination to modify smoke movement for the benefit of
occupants or firefighters, or to reduce property damage. The mechanisms of
compartmentation, dilution, airflow, pressurization, and buoyancy are used alone
or in combination to manage smoke conditions in fires.
Smoke control is a subset of smoke management and is accepted as being an
engineered system that uses mechanical fans to produce airflow and pressure
differences across smoke barriers to limit and direct smoke movement.
Both NFPA 101, The Life Safety Code, and NFPA 90A, Standard for Air
Conditioning Systems, recognize that smoke control may be either active or
passive.
The passive approach recognizes the long-standing compartmentation concept,
which requires that fans shut down and fire/smoke dampers in ductwork close
under fire conditions. The active approach, which applies NFPA 92A criteria
utilizes the building's heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to
create differential pressures to prevent smoke migration from the fire area and to
exhaust the products of combustion to the outside. Active smoke control systems
use passive barrier components to create zones or areas for effective smoke
movement as an essential component.
Products of combustion
Fire
As a fire burns, it:
Generates heat
Changes major portions of the burning material or fuel from its original
chemical composition to other compounds which include carbon dioxide,
carbon monoxide, and water
Transports a portion of the unburned fuel as soot or other material that may or
may not have undergone chemical change
The Fire Triangle, used to explain the components that make up fire is important
in understanding smoke control systems. The oxygen leg of the triangle is always
present and will allow combustion to take place. The heat leg of the triangle,
which presents the ignition source, is limited or controlled in most built
environments. Smoke control-systems designed to protect people from the
effects of fire are installed in environments with low or ordinary hazard contents
in the protected space. What there is to burn (the fuel leg) will dictate to a large
degree the kinds of fires that can be expected in an area. The size, location, and
character of the fans and other components in an engineered smoke control
system must consider the fuel loading for an area.
The nature of the fuel only affects the quantity of smoke produced in relation to
the size of the fire and depends upon what is burning and the rate at which it is
burning. Evaluating and limiting what there is to burn helps in the determination
of what kinds of smoke will be produced for a given fire or area.
Figure 1: The fire triangle
SMOKE11.CDR
Smoke
Smoke produced in a fire varies from fire to fire and over time in the same fire. In
examining smoke development, the constituent parts of smoke will therefore
fluctuate. The plume of hot gases above a fire has many parts that can be placed
into one of three general groups:
Hot vapors and gases given off by the burning material
Unburned decomposition and condensation matter (may be light colored to

black and sooty)
A quantity of air heated by the fire and entrained in to the rising plume
The cloud surrounding most fires and called smoke consists of a well-mixed
combination of these three groups and will contain gases, vapors, and dispersed
solid particles.
The volume of smoke produced, its density, and toxicity will depend upon the
material that is burning and its geometry. The nature of the fuel only affects the
quantity of smoke produced in as far as the size of the fire depends on what is
burning and the rate it is burning.
Smoke movement
Smoke can behave very differently in tall buildings when compared to low
buildings. In low buildings, the influences of the fire, including heat, convective
movement, and fire pressures, can be the major factors that cause smoke
movement. Tall buildings have the combined effects found in small buildings in
addition to smoke and heat movement by convection and radiation upwards.
Accepted engineering approaches to smoke removal and venting practices
reflect these influences.
A major cause of fire spread across the floor of a building is heat radiated
downwards from the layer of hot gases beneath the ceiling. Roof venting will limit
fire spread because it limits the spread of hot gases under the roof. In the
alternative, if the major cause of fire spread is due to flame progressing
sideward, at floor level and through readily combustible material, roof venting will
less readily limit fire spread. Roof venting, addressed in NFPA 204, Guide for
Smoke and Heat Venting, will only slow sideward movement because it will limit
the extent to which heat is radiated downward and will be only one factor in the
sideward development of a fire.
All fires produce smoke and the movement of smoke will follow the same pattern
as the overall air movement within a building. Very simply, a smoke control
system needs to be able to inhibit the flow of smoke within a building.
Smoke movement is determined by two central factors in a fire. These are the:
Smoke's buoyancy due to the entrainment of hot gases which are less dense
than the surrounding air
Normal air movement inside a building, which may have nothing to do with
the fire, can carry smoke around a building in a positive way
The magnitude of these two smoke-moving factors will depend upon particular
circumstances and will vary throughout a building. In general, the smoke closer
to the fire poses the greatest risk. The movement caused by the smoke's mobility
is due to pressure differentials developed by the:
Expansion of the gases as they are heated by the fire
Difference in density of the hot gases above the flames
Cooler air which surrounds the fire
Air movement in a building in non-fire conditions can be caused by three

separate factors: stack effect, wind load, or HVAC (mechanical) systems. In a
fire, these same factors are equally influential.
Lessons learned in fire and smoke movement: Orly Airport
Details
Event
Location: Paris, France

Date: December 1973
Fatalities: None
Injuries: None
A fire in a low voltage sub-station in the building's second

basement spread through cables in service ducts. Unsealed
shafts for cables, an unenclosed stairwell, cavities, shafts, and
openings in concrete floor slabs allowed smoke to spread to the
six levels above. No smoke control system was in place.
Stack effect
The stack effect is the pressure differential due to the air inside a building being
at a different temperature from the air outside the building. Stack effect will cause
the air inside the building to move upwards or downwards, depending upon
whether the air inside the building is warmer or cooler than the air outside the
building.
Air within a building has a tendency to rise because it is warmer and less dense
than the outside air. The taller a building is and the greater the temperature
differences between the building interior and exterior are, the greater the
tendency for air to rise in the building's shafts.
The opposite is true when the outside temperature is warmer than the
temperature inside the building causing a downward movement of air within
building shafts. This is referred to as reverse stack effect. The overall airflow
tendencies in a building due to normal and reverse stack effect are shown in
Figure 2.
Lessons learned in fire and smoke movement: TAE YON KAK Hotel
Details
Event
Location: Seoul Korea

Fatalities: 163
Injuries: 60
The eighteen-month-old hotel with 21 stories was fully involved

in a fire that started in the lobby coffee shop. The fire traveled
up vertical shafts and ducts early in the fire. Openings in
suspended ceilings and combustible interior finishes
encouraged fire and smoke spread throughout the building. No
smoke control system was in place.
Figure 2: Airflow due to stack effect

Reverse stack effect
Normal stack effect
Arrows
indicate
stack
effect
air flow
O
O
Neutral
plane
SMOKE12.CDR
In a building with reverse stack effect, only relatively cool smoke will follow the
downward tendency of air into a shaft. If a smoldering fire occurs on a floor
above the neutral plane during a reverse stack effect condition, the smoke will
travel into and down the shaft and deposit itself on the floors below the neutral
plane. In the case of hot smoke, buoyancy forces can counteract normal reverse
stack effect causing the smoke to move up a shaft.
The neutral plane of a building or space is defined as the elevation where the
hydrostatic pressure inside the building equals the outside pressure. Normally
the neutral plane is located near the midpoint of the building, but can occur at
any floor and depends upon building design. The neutral plane of a building is
determined prior to the design of a smoke control system. ASHRAE's Design of
Smoke Management Systems contains methods for calculating the neutral plane
of a building or space.
Wind load
Figure 3: Wind effects on a building
Wind velocity profile
Arrows
indicate
wind
effect
air flow
SMOKE13.CDR
Neutral
pressure
plane
All buildings are to some extent leaky and wind penetration through these leaks
contributes to internal air movement. Wind can have a dramatic effect on smoke
movement depending upon the wind speed and direction, the characteristics of
the surrounding terrain (including the shielding effect of adjacent buildings), and
the building shape and height.
In fires if a window breaks or is left open in a fire compartment, it has an effect on
smoke movement. If the opening is on the windward side of the building, the wind
causes a buildup of pressure in the fire compartment and forces smoke
throughout the floor and possibly to other floors. Pressures caused by the wind in
this condition can be large and easily dominate smoke movement through the
building.
If the opening is on the leeward side of the building, the reverse is true. The
negative pressure created by the wind vents the smoke from the fire
compartment, greatly reducing the smoke movement through the building.
HVAC systems
Mechanical air handling systems inside a building condition and move air under
normal conditions and can effect the movement of smoke in a fire. Before we
reached our current understanding of smoke movement in buildings, most HVAC
Systems were shut down when fires occurred for two primary reasons:
The HVAC system rapidly advanced smoke movement from the room of fire
origin to every area the system served.
The HVAC system supplied air to the room of origin and thus had the
potential to help accelerate the fire.
Lessons learned in fire and smoke movement: One New York Plaza
Details
Event
Location: New York, New York

Date: August 1970
Damage: $10
Fatalities: 2
Injuries: 50
A 50-story office building in which a fire started on the 32nd

floor. The fire and smoke was drawn into the air conditioning
system and then to elevator shafts, stairways, and air
conditioning supply and return shafts. Return air fans continued
to run throughout the fire. No smoke control system was in
place.
An HVAC system may aid in the detection of fire in its early stages when area
smoke detection is not provided. The HVAC system can transport smoke from an
unoccupied area to one where smoke detection or occupants are present and
can then alert others of the fire.
Once fire is detected, HVAC systems installed in accordance with NFPA 90A and
utilizing an internal smoke detector will shut down fans and dampers or provide a
special smoke control mode. NFPA 90A-3-4 contains damper shutdown
provisions. NFPA 90A-4-4 contains provisions for smoke detectors when area
detectors are not used in air distribution systems:
Downstream of air filters and ahead of any branch connections in air supply
systems having a capacity greater than 2000 cfm (944 L/s)
At each story prior to the connection to a common return and prior to any
recirculation or fresh air inlet connections in air return systems having a
capacity greater than 15,000 cfm (7,080 L/s) and serving more than one story
10
Note: See NFPA 72, paragraph 5-10 and associated appendix material for
guidance on installing smoke detectors used in smoke control systems.
If neither of the NFPA 90A steps are taken, the HVAC system will transport
smoke to every area that a system serves; putting occupants in peril, damaging
property, and possibly inhibiting fire fighting.
Shutting down fans does not prevent smoke movement through supply and
return air ducts, air shafts, and other building openings due to stack effect,
buoyancy, and wind. Installation of smoke dampers for when the system is shut
down will help inhibit smoke movement in this case. Again, NFPA 90A contains
damper requirements that are referenced by building and fire codes, standards,
or guidelines used in the design and installation of smoke management systems.
Lessons learned in fire and smoke movement: First Canadian Place
Details
Event
Location: Toronto, ON
Date: June 1993
Fatalities: 0
Injuries: 5
A 72-story office building with a smoke control system installed

to pressurize stairwells and elevator shafts. A fire on the
34th floor in an elevator shaft caused the sprinkler system to
activate. A single sprinkler controlled the fire.
It took approximately 80 minutes to evacuate the entire building.
The injuries reported were all attributed to heat exhaustion.
Secondary fire alarms activated by smoke detectors throughout
the upper levels of the building where occupants reported a
smoke smell, but little visible smoke.
The mechanical air systems were manually put into the firemode sequence, shutting down building fans and pressurizing
stairwells. The return air fans were first shut down and the
34th floor damper was manually opened. Restarting of the
return air fans resulted in the smoke being exhausted to the
exterior from the fire floor.
Additional contributing factors

Thermal Expansion: In addition to stack effect, buoyancy, and HVAC factors,
the energy released by a fire can cause smoke movement due to thermal
expansion.
In a fire compartment with only one opening to the building, air will flow into the
compartment and hot smoke will flow out. For a fire compartment with open
doors and windows, the movement of smoke due to expansion is negligible.
However, the effects of expansion should be taken into consideration for tightly
sealed compartments where fires can occur.
It is possible for the volume of smoke to almost triple in size when temperatures
over 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit (538 C) are reached. For tightly sealed
11
compartments the buildup of pressure resulting from expansion causes smoke

movement through any leakage paths in the walls or around doors.
Elevator piston effect: Vertical shafts for elevators can be significant
contributors to smoke movement in a building when no control measures are in
place.
The downward movement of an elevator car in a shaft produces temporary
pressure differences both above and below the car and a temporary pressure
decrease in the area above the car. The reverse is true for an upward moving
elevator car. The temporary pressure increase in the elevator shaft tends to
move air into the floors below the car and the temporary pressure decrease
tends to move air from the floors above into the elevator shaft, as shown in
Figure 4.
Pressure differences, due to the piston effect, are greater in single car elevator
shafts as compared to multiple car shafts. In a multiple car shaft there is usually
more room to the left and right of the moving car to allow for pressure relief.
Figure 4: Elevator piston effects
Downward
moving
elevator
car
Building floors
Elevator
shaft
Arrows indicate
direction of air flow
SMOKE14.CDR
12
Lessons learned in fire and smoke movement: Inn on the Park Hotel
Details
Event
Location: North York, ON

Date: January 1981
Fatalities: 6
Injuries: 67
A 23-story hotel complex with a 2:15 a.m. fire in an electrical

closet. Doors to two elevator cars were open at the fire floor
level at the time of the fire and smoke moved through the
elevator shafts to guestroom floors from the 6th to the 22nd
level. The smoke contamination was greatest on the higher
floors where smoke moved most readily into guestrooms. No
smoke control system was in place at the time of the fire.
Automatic sprinkler systems: Automatic sprinklers are nearly always dictated

as a component of large space or tall building fire protection.
In designing a smoke control system, the size of the expected fire must be
determined as a base for sizing the air handling equipment for smoke control.
Escape routes must be kept usable for extended periods of time and this means
that the size of the fire must be limited to ensure that the smoke control
installation will not be overwhelmed by a growing fire.
Automatic sprinklers are essential in order to limit the size of a possible fire.
Sprinklers can affect smoke in two ways:
Sprinklers can, by the discharge of water spray through the smoke layer,
bring the smoke down to a low level.
By cooling the smoke, automatic sprinklers can reduce smoke buoyancy and
slow down the movement of smoke through roof or ceiling vents.
Automatic suppression systems are an integral part of many fire protection

designs, and the efficacy of such systems in controlling building fires is well
documented. Klote and Milke, in Design of Smoke Management Systems, point
out that:
While it is important to recognize that while the functions of fire suppression and
smoke management are both desirable fire safety features; they should not be
readily substituted for each other.
One of the best ways to address the smoke problem in a fire is to prevent or
reduce smoke production. To the extent that a suppression system slows the
burning rate, it reduces the smoke problem. For fires that are suppressed rather
than extinguished, some smoke is produced. This smoke can move through a
building due to varied driving forces as discussed in general in this chapter. Welldesigned smoke management systems can maintain tenable conditions along
critical escape routes, but will have little effect on the fire.
Where automatic sprinklers are installed, the determination of fire size for smoke
control calculations is based upon limited fire spread, typically a fire size to
9.8 ft. x 9.8 ft. (3 m x 3 m).
13
Principals of smoke control

Fire protection approaches
Smoke management is only one component of an overall building fire protection
system. The two basic approaches to fire protection are to prevent fire ignition
and to manage fire impact when a fire does occur. Figure 5 shows a simplified
decision tree for fire protection. The building occupants and managers have the
primary role in preventing fire ignition. The building design team may incorporate
features into the building to assist the occupants and managers in this effort.
Because it is impossible to completely prevent ignition, managing fire impact has
assumed a significant role in fire protection design.
Figure 5: Simplified fire protection decision tree
Fire Protection
Eliminate
Ignition
Sources
Includes:
Electrical Power
Flames
Arson
Smoking Material
Isolate Fuel
and Ignition
Sources
Includes:
Storage
Flammables
Trash/Litter
Combustibles
Manage
Threat
Includes:
Sprinklers
Fire Walls
Fire Doors
Fire Dampers
Manage
Exposure
SMOKE15.CDR
Manage Fire
Impact
Prevent Fire
Initiation
Includes:
Smoke
Management:
Smoke Control
Smoke Venting
Smoke Barriers
Smoke management mechanisms

Mechanisms for managing smoke impact include:
Compartmentation in the form or walls, floors, doors and other barriers
Dilution (also known as smoke purging, smoke removal, smoke exhaust, or

smoke extraction)
14
Airflow in the form of large flow rates and used primarily in subway, railroad,
and highway tunnels
Pressurization using mechanical fans under NFPA 92A
Buoyancy effects that employ mechanical systems when ceiling heights

exceed 33 feet (10 m)
Design factors
Many factors affect the design of a smoke management system. Before the
actual mechanical design of the system can proceed, the potential constraints on
the system must be determined and the design criteria established.
Unique factors in the design of a smoke management system include:
Occupancy type and characteristics
Evacuation plans
Areas of refuge
Occupant density and distribution
Human life support requirements (Medical Facilities)
Detection and alarm systems (exclusive of smoke control)
Fire department response to fire emergencies in the building
Fixed fire suppression systems
Type of HVAC systems (in place or proposed)
Energy management systems and controls
Building security provisions
Status of doors in a fire emergency
Potential fire sources
Internal compartmentation and architectural characteristics
Building leakage paths
Exterior building temperatures
Wind velocity and effects
All of these factors funnel into a consideration of how much smoke will be
present in an expected fire. The amount of smoke, expressed as smoke density,
can reduce visibility, trap occupants in the building, prevent escape, and expose
occupants over an extended period of time to toxic and irritant gases which could
become lethal.
15
The ASHRAE manual Design of Smoke Management Systems contains

guidelines for designers who wish to provide active smoke control systems for
buildings. Smoke control systems are intended to provide systems that exhaust
smoke from the immediate fire area, and provide pressurized outside air to
adjacent areas, access corridors, and stairwells. It is fully recognized that this
approach would apply more to large HVAC units servicing individual floors or
large systems with volume control dampers at each floor. The integrity of the
HVAC/smoke management system must be at a level that will maintain safe exit
routes with sufficient exiting time for building occupants to either leave or move to
designated safe refuge areas.
Smoke zones
A building or area is typically divided into several zones. Zones are delineated by
fire or smoke barrier walls or horizontally with floor ceiling assemblies. A smoke
zone, as used in this manual, is simply the area where the fire is located. The two
basic principals for containing smoke within a smoke zone are pressurization and
airflow.
Pressurization
Pressurization develops positive and negative pressure differences across zone
boundaries in order to control smoke movement and is the most desirable means
of controlling smoke movement.
Figure 6: Pressurization
Airflow
Airflow
Smoke
High
pressure
side
Low
pressure
side
Door
Airflow
SMOKE16.CDR
Pressurization creates pressure differences across partitions that separate the

smoke zone from other zones or areas. This is typically accomplished by creating
16
higher pressure in the non-fire or smoke areas. Airflow will occur through
construction cracks at floor to ceiling slabs, around unsealed conduit and pipe
openings, and around doors that act as the primary barriers to smoke movement
from a smoke zone. Pressure differences must be sufficient to contain the smoke
in the smoke zone and simultaneously allow doors leading to safety to be
opened.
Airflow
Airflow by itself can control smoke levels and movement if the air velocity is high
enough to overcome the tendency of smoke to migrate to other zones. This
approach is typically used to prevent the flow of smoke down corridors or through
open doorways, as shown in Figure 7. The airflow approach to smoke control
requires large quantities of air and is therefore not practical for most applications.
Figure 7: Airflow
Smoke
back flow
Smoke
Smoke
Relatively
low air
velocity
Relatively
high air
velocity
Diluted
smoke
SMOKE17.CDR
Purging
Purging may be used as a supplement to airflow or pressurization methods in
smoke control systems. When there is a concern over smoke movement through
open doors into a protected area, outside air can be introduced into the space.
Purging uses an exhaust inlet near the ceiling and a supply inlet commonly in the
lower half of a wall. The supply and exhaust points are placed far enough apart
to prevent the supply air from blowing directly into the exhaust without the benefit
of entraining smoke-filled air. Purging is commonly used in smoke-proof
stairwells that contain a vestibule between the occupant space and the stairs.
With any of the methods used for smoke zones, pedestrian door opening forces
must be considered. The pressure differences between barriers are important not
only in the force to open the door, but also the force necessary to overcome the
door closer. NFPA 101, the Life Safety Code establishes a maximum force of
30 lbf (133.35 N) to set a door in motion that is an accepted benchmark for
17
designers. Occupants must be able to open doors leading to escape routes while
the smoke control system is in operation.
Types of systems
Smoke management utilizing active and passive methods in combination to
modify smoke movement must be engineered into a system and is focused upon
property or people protection. While passive methods of smoke management do
exist (see NFPA 204), dynamic smoke control systems using mechanical
equipment to meet design goals dominate. NFPA 92B, Guide for Smoke
Management Systems in Malls, Atria, and Large Areas, provides methodologies
for determining smoke development in large spaces. NFPA 92A, Recommended
Practice for Smoke Control Systems, is used for the design, installation, testing,
operation, and maintenance of systems for smoke control.
An EST3 smoke control system (SCS) when installed and programmed in
accordance with this design manual and the criteria set forth by the smoke
control system designer will help to:
Provide a tenable environment in evacuation routes during the time

necessary to evacuate people from the area
Restrict the movement of smoke from the fire area
Assist in protecting life and property protection
Maintain tenable conditions in non-fire areas that will enable fire personnel to
conduct search and rescue operations in addition to attacking the seat of the
fire
An EST3 SCS should be designed, installed, and maintained such that the
system will remain effective during evacuation of the protected areas. Other
considerations determined by the smoke control system designer may dictate
that a system should remain effective for longer periods. Areas to evaluate in
determining EST3 SCS integrity are:
Reliability of power sources
Arrangement of power distribution
Location, and methods of protection for EST3 system panels
Building occupancy type
18
The design, installation, testing, operation, and maintenance of new and

retrofitted mechanical air conditioning and ventilation systems for the control of
smoke will require the involvement of several interdependent disciplines or
parties:
Building equipment and controls are the responsibility of the system designer.
A system designer, as used here, will determine the type of smoke control
system to be used, the size of the expected or design fire, perform tenability
calculations, establish and define smoke zones based upon building barriers.
The system designer may be an architect, engineer, or fire protection
professional knowledgeable in the theory and application of smoke
management and control. The sizing of fans, location of dampers, and
establishing of smoke zones is the system designer's responsibility. The
system designer will, using a specification, define to the EST3 fire/smoke
control system designer how the total system must operate under a fire or
smoke condition. The EST3 fire/smoke control system designer should
assume total system design responsibility only if qualified.
Smoke control system operation is the responsibility of the EST3 fire alarm
systems designer. The specifications for operation of a smoke control system
will define methods of fire/smoke detection for a particular area and the
resulting outputs for smoke removal or control to take place. Control functions
performed by an EST3 panel include the startup and shutdown of HVAC or
exhaust fans, smoke damper closure, and door closure.
The authority having jurisdiction (AHJ), typically a fire official, is important in

the determination of firefighter control station locations and final acceptance
and testing of the smoke control system. The system designer is responsible
for effecting smoke removal or control of the completed smoke management
system. Involvement of the AHJ early in a project helps to ensure that the
system requirements (typically NFPA 92A) will be met by the total system
design and establishes prior to design clear pass/fail criteria for a completed
system.
Smoke control systems

Systems for controlling smoke movement in a building can be divided into two
separate types: shaft protection and floor protection.
The vertical transfer of smoke to the upper stories of a building from a fire on a
lower floor occurs mostly from shafts versus leakage through openings in floor
construction. Vertical smoke spread accounts for 95 percent or more of the
upward movement of smoke in high-rise building fires. Shaft protection can be
further divided into stairwell pressurization systems and elevator hoistway
systems.
19
Floor protection encompasses several variations of zoned smoke control. Use of

a particular system or combination of systems is dependent upon building and
fire code requirements, as well as specific occupancy and life safety goals
established by the system designer.
For either type of smoke control system, electrical and mechanical equipment or
components can be classified as dedicated or non-dedicated.
Figure 8: Smoke control system types
DEDICATED
SMOKE-CONTROL
SYSTEM
NON-DEDICATED
SMOKE-CONTROL
SYSTEM
SHAFT PROTECTION
FLOOR OR AREA
PROTECTION
STAIRWELL
PRESSURIZATION
SYSTEM
ELEVATOR
HOIST WAY
SYSTEM
ATRIUMS
ZONED
SMOKE-CONTROL
SMOKE18.CDR
COMPENSATED
SYSTEM
Smoke control components must be capable of continuous use at the maximum

temperatures expected during a fire, based upon calculations performed by the
smoke control system designer. Most smoke control systems will be designed
with a primary goal of maintaining a tenable environment for occupants outside
the fire area for zoned smoke control and within atriums or large spaces. This
goal is achieved by exhausting smoke from a building, limiting fire growth, or for
20
atrium smoke management systems, preventing accumulations of smoke below

a six-foot height along egress paths.
Dedicated
Dedicated smoke control systems are independent systems for air-movement
and are not used for any other purpose under normal building operating
conditions. Upon activation, dedicated systems operate specifically to perform a
smoke control function.
Dedicated systems have the following advantages:
System design and control functions are less likely to be modified during
maintenance.
Operation and control of the system is less complex with system controls
typically routed only to the EST3 SCS and the firefighter's smoke control
station (FSCS).
Independent of other building systems, dedicated systems are less likely to

be affected by changes in other building systems.
Dedicated systems have several recognized disadvantages:
Dedicated systems are more costly.
Component failures may go undetected for a long time.
Dedicated systems often require more building space for installation.
Automatic weekly self-testing of dedicated smoke control systems must be

programmed with consideration for weather conditions.
Non-dedicated
Non-dedicated smoke control systems share or use components with other
building systems including the HVAC system for a floor, area, or zone. Smoke
control system activation suspends normal operation of HVAC and other shared
components for use in achieving smoke control objectives.
Non-dedicated systems have the following advantages:
Equipment costs are shared.
Component failures of equipment needed for smoke control are more

apparent due to their use for daily services.
Smoke control system components do not require additional building space.
Non-dedicated smoke control systems have three recognized disadvantages:
21
System control may involve complex interlocks with shared equipment used
for HVAC or energy management.
Inadvertent modification of HVAC controls or equipment affecting smoke

control functionality is more likely to occur.
Other building system modification may interfere with smoke control system
operation.
HVAC systems
Commercial HVAC systems can usually be adapted for smoke control use. In
order to meet smoke control reliability and tenability criteria established in NFPA
92A, an HVAC system must be capable of supplying outside air to the protected
space, returning air from the protected space, and exhausting air from a
protected space to the outside.
An HVAC system can be as simple as a fan in a housing (such as a roofmounted exhaust fans) to a more complex system with ductwork, supply air
outlets, return air inlets, fresh air intakes, humidifiers, filters, heating and cooling
coils, preheat coils, and dampers.
Commonly used HVAC units
Individual floor units: Air Handling Units serve a single floor or area. Units can
have separate supply and exhaust fans. The smoke control system designer
must verify that the units are capable of providing sufficient outside air and an
exhaust capability for the expected fire condition.
22
Figure 9: Individual floor units
Fan
Fan
Fan
Fan
SMOKE19.CDR
23
Figure 10: Induction units for central HVAC system
Fan
Fan
SMOKE110.CDR
Induction units: Induction-type air handling units are usually used in conjunction
with a central HVAC system, which supplies high-pressure air to the induction
units. Induction units are located around the outside of a building and are used to
condition the air for areas around the perimeter of a building. Room air is then
drawn into the induction unit, mixed with the primary air from the central system,
and returned to the room. Induction units servicing a fire area should be shut
down or have the primary air from the central system isolated.
Dual duct systems: Dual duct systems have parallel heating and cooling coils,
each located in a separate compartment. Systems of this type also have
separate ducts to supply hot and cold air from each coil compartment into mixing
boxes. The mixing boxes are used to mix the hot and cold air to be supplied to
the area served.
24
Figure 11: Dual duct system

Exhaust to outside
Fan
RECIRCULATION
AIR DUCT
COOLING
COIL
Fan
MIXING
BOX
MIXING
BOX
HEATING
COIL
SMOKE111.CDR
Multi-zone systems: Multi-zone Systems are similar to dual duct systems in that
they have separate heating and cooling coils located in a separate compartment.
The difference in these systems is that multi-zone systems mix the air at the unit
and supply the mixture through low-pressure ducts to each space served.
Variable air volume systems: Variable air volume (VAV) systems usually
supply central cooling only. The individual areas served by this type of system
will reheat the air near or in the area being served or have other sources of
heating. Some VAV systems connect a bypass from the intake side of a supply
fan to the outlet side of a supply fan, as shown in Figure 12, to reduce supply air
volumes and pressure in the ductwork. Such bypasses must be closed for smoke
control applications to ensure sufficient pressurization of protected areas.
25
Figure 12: VAV System with fan powered terminals

Return
Fan
RECIRCULATION
AIR DUCT
COOLING
COIL
Supply
FAN POWERED
TERMINAL
FAN POWERED
TERMINAL
Fan
SMOKE112.CDR
Fan-powered terminals: Fan-powered terminals are used in conjunction with

VAV systems to provide the reheat capability of cool air being supplied to a
particular area and to circulate air within the space. Terminal fans servicing a fire
area must be shut off for smoke control applications. During a fire condition,
terminal fans serving other areas may continue to operate normally.
Ductwork: Ductwork is constructed of a variety of materials including steel,
aluminum, concrete, and masonry. Ductwork usually connects the fans with the
areas to be served. Air travels from the supply fan through the supply ducts into
the building. Return air is often pulled through the plenum space above the
ceiling as shown in Figure 13. Ductwork, however, can be used for the return air
as well, as show in Figure 14. In most commercial buildings today, both the
supply and the return ductwork (where used) is typically located in the area
above a suspended ceiling. Return air ductwork is required from the smoke zone
boundary to exhaust fans when routed through other zones.
26
Figure 13: Supply ductwork with plenum return

Duct
Plenum
SMOKE113.CDR
Figure 14: Ducted return
SMOKE114.CDR
Stairwell pressurization systems

Stairwell pressurization systems are built with the intent of keeping stairs clear of
smoke in order to assist in the evacuation of occupants. Stairwell pressurization
systems are commonly dedicated smoke control systems. Activation of stairwell
systems can be by automatic or manual means.
Stair pressurization systems can be from a single-injection point into the tower.
Single-injection systems are commonly used for eight or fewer stories. Multiple
injection systems provide several supply inlets in the stairwell. Compartmentation
27
of the stairwell can also be used in a pressurized design to maintain stair

tenability. Pressurization systems may operate throughout the fire event, offering
refuge for firefighters as they enter or leave the fire floor.
Figure 15: Compartmentaton of a pressurized stairwell
Fan
SMOKE115.CDR
Stairwell
compartments
A fire in a multi-story building will develop a positive pressure in the fire area until
ventilation occurs, often due to the opening of a door or the failure of window
glass. The positive pressures developed by a fire can enter a stair as occupants
leave the fire floor and reduce the usefulness of the stair for escape. The design
objective of achieving a higher pressure in the stair than is found on the fire floor
is usually achieved by a single dedicated fan in the stairwell.
Life safety and fire codes require stairwells to be isolated from the building they
serve, making the use of shared building HVAC systems unlikely or prohibited.
Dedicated HVAC systems for stairwell pressurization systems are also used with
modulating dampers controlled by static sensors at each doorway or at selected
points in a stairwell.
For pressurizing a stairwell, the smoke control system designer must define the
number of doors expected to be open at any one time and design air flows which
compensate for the open doors. If more than the expected or design number of
doors is opened, the pressure in the stairwell may drop below that of the fire floor
and smoke will be able to enter the tower.
28
Power requirements for smoke control system operation must consider the total
number of systems or zones in operation. For example, if there are two stairwells
with pressurization, they will both operate in a fire event and power must be
available for both tower systems. If a smoke control zone on the fire floor will also
operate, then the three separate smoke control systems must be powered and
operable from the FSCS.
Automatic operation of one of a building's fire alarm systems should cause all
stair pressurization fans to start. Where an engineering and life safety analysis
determines that the configuration of the building is such that only certain stairs
need pressurization, programming of the smoke control system will need to be
tailored to various fire scenarios.
A smoke detector should be provided in the air supply to the pressurized
stairwell. Smoke drawn into the stairwell from the exterior of the building will be
detected and fans will then shutdown. Detectors selected for fan flow monitoring
should be within the air velocity ranges specified in the detector's installation
sheet.
The FSCS must contain a manual override, to be operated by an authorized
person, to restart fans should they shutdown due to the operation of smoke
detectors installed in the stairwell. The authorized person may determine that a
lesser hazard exists from smoke entering the fan than smoke migrating into the
tower from the fire floor and override fan shutdown based upon exterior smoke
entry.
Lessons learned in fire and smoke movement: MGM Grand Hotel
Details
Event
Location: Las Vegas, NV

Date: November 1980
Fatalities: 85
Injuries: 600
The complex consisted of 26 stories of guestrooms and a

ground level complex with a casino, theatres and convention
facilities. Each wing contained a pressurized stairwell with a
mechanically ventilated vestibule (smoke-proof tower).
The fire started in the first floor restaurant and then moved into
the casino. Smoke spread was through ceiling plenum spaces
to vertical shafts that allowed smoke spread to the high-rise
tower. Vertical openings included seismic joints, interior stairs,
toilet exhaust shafts and pipe chases. The elevator shafts
allowed smoke spread to upper floors via open elevator doors
on the casino level. Sixty-one of the fatalities were in the hotel
tower between floors 16 and 26 and were caused by smoke
inhalation. No smoke control system was in place at the time of
the fire.
Vestibules: Stairwells can also be built with a vestibule that may include an air
handling system. The vestibule may serve a pressurized stair or it can be in lieu
of a pressurized stair, operating under the same criteria as a pressurized
29
stairwell for smoke control. Even non-pressurized vestibules have the advantage
of two doors from the building interior to a stair that can help to limit smoke
migration into a stair. Vestibule pressurization controls are addressed in much
the same manner as stair pressurization systems by the smoke control system.
Elevator smoke control

Elevator smoke control systems are of two types. The first focuses upon
providing tenability and survivability of the elevator system in order that it can be
used for occupant evacuation. Figure 16 diagrams two design alternatives.
Exhaust of the fire floor, smoke-tight elevator lobbies, and the closing of elevator
doors after automatic recall are other design alternatives which are less often
chosen. Elevators traditionally have not been used for fire evacuation due to the
chimney effect of the shafts in a fire.
In the last decade, due in part to increased demands for egress of non-mobile
occupants and driven by the American with Disabilities Act (ADA), elevators have
increasingly been looked upon as a possible avenue for fire escape. First,
Canada developed standards for hardened elevators for egress and then in the
US the NFPA Life Safety Code included elevators as an alternate egress
component from areas of refuge. Smoke control for elevators used as an egress
system components must provide tenability for the expected time needed for
evacuation.
The second type of elevator smoke control system is intended to prevent or limit
smoke flow to other floors by way of the hoistway. Elevators without enclosed
lobbies must have a smoke control-system that develops a pressure difference
within the hoistway, which is greater than the sum of the fire and other building
effects. The smoke control system designer will calculate pressures, flow rates,
and vent sizes for the elevator shaft to determine fan size.
Elevator recall is based upon ASME/ANSI117.1, Safety Code for Elevators and
Escalators. The standard requires that elevator doors open and remain open
after elevators recalled. This requirement results in a large opening into the
elevator hoistway, greatly increasing airflow requirements for pressurization.
NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, permits closing of elevator
doors after a predetermined time when required by the AHJ. Local requirements
for the operation of pressurized shafts should therefore be determined and
incorporated into the system design.
30
Lessons learned in fire and smoke movement: John Sevier Center

Details
Event
Location: Johnson City, TN

Date: December 25, 1989
Fatalities: 16
Injuries: 40
A fire in a first floor apartment of the 10-story building spread

through an open door, into the corridor, and quickly involved the
entire first floor. Smoke migration to upper floors via the recalled
elevator and vertical shafts resulted in 15 deaths due to smoke
inhalation located above the fire floor.
Figure 16: Elevator pressurization systems

Lobby
Floor area
Lobby
Fan
Pressurized elevator shaft system

Lobby
Floor area
Lobby
SMOKE116.CDR
Fan
Pressurized lobby system
Table 8.11 of NFPA's Smoke Movement and Control in High-rise Buildings

contains both elevator shaft and lobby pressurization system calculation
formulas. John M. Klote, who worked with the author of this NFPA reference
book, includes the same methodologies and several examples, in his ASHRAE
book, Design of Smoke Management Systems.
Elevator recall systems return the elevators to the lobby or an adjacent floor
when smoke is detected in an elevator lobby or when the fire alarm system is
31
activated. Elevator doors can open at the recall location and remain open or
revert to the closed position. The smoke control system designer must adjust
airflow for the door position.
Lessons learned in fire and smoke movement: First Interstate Bank of California
Details
Event
Location: Los Angeles, CA

Date: May 1988
Fatalities: 1
Injuries: None
A 62-story office tower with smoke detectors on each floor. The

fire started in the open-plan office area located on the 12th floor.
Fire spread continued upward for four floors where manual
firefighting stopped the fire's progress. Fire spread was primarily
along the exterior of the building and around floor slabs. The fire
progressed at a rate of 45 minutes per floor with total burnout of
each floor taking approximately 90 minutes.
Security personnel reset the initial smoke detector alarm from
the fire floor and then the three smoke detectors which went into
alarm several minutes later on the floor. Six minutes after the
initial alarm, detectors were operating from the 12th to 30th
floors. An employee sent to investigate died when the elevator
opened on the fire floor.
Investigators determined that the service elevator acted as a
major avenue for smoke spread to all floors. No smoke control
system was installed in the building.
Zoned smoke control systems

Larger area or multiple floored buildings will subdivide the smoke control system
into zones based upon an expected fire scenario. Activation of a smoke control
zone will be by automatic or manual means. A smoke detection system will
automatically activate the EST3 smoke control system.
Detector spacing should follow spacing of smoke detector requirements
contained in the Signature Series Intelligent Smoke and Heat Detectors Bulletin
(270145). The Bulletin also contains design information on detector placement
with respect to stratification, partitions, exposed solid joists, exposed beams,
sloped ceilings, and high air-movement areas.
Automatic actuation of a zoned smoke control system can simultaneously
exhaust a fire/smoke area and supply air to other areas. Detector locations,
however, must coordinate with the operation of the smoke control zone to detect
smoke before it migrates to another zone. Smoke control system programming
will limit automatic activation to the first zone that detects smoke.
A waterflow switch or heat detector serving a smoke zone can be used to
activate the zoned smoke control system where all piping or wiring of the devices
is in the smoke zone. For example, a sprinkler system serving an atrium cannot
32
have branch sprinkler lines serving an office area adjacent to the atrium and not
a part of the same smoke control zone.
Atriums
Initially, fires in atriums (or large spaces) will perform like fires in outside areas
due to the size and height of the space where the fire occurs. Upper levels of
high ceilings or tall atriums collect heat and smoke with little or no downward
radiation. Atriums and large spaces cannot easily restrict the movement of
smoke using barriers or overcoming fire pressures. Common atrium or large
space areas using smoke management systems include shopping malls,
convention centers, airport terminals, sports arenas, and warehouses.
For large spaces, smoke management consists of exhausting smoke from the
space. Exhausting smoke tends to restrict smoke spread to a plume above the
fire and a smoke layer just below the ceiling of the space. The exhaust approach
creates a lower level smoke-free layer that allows occupants to safely egress
and for firefighters to see and attack the seat of a fire more readily. Providing
smoke management for large spaces is a unique challenge for two reasons.
First, without any barriers in the interior, extensive smoke propagation occurs
readily throughout the entire space. Consequently, a significant number of people
in the space may be exposed to the smoke. Further, a substantial portion of the
space can become contaminated by the smoke, resulting in significant property
damage.
Second, large unprotected openings between the atrium and adjacent spaces
can result in fire and smoke movement into the atrium due to a fire outside the
atrium. Adjacent spaces, such as stores in a shopping mall, are called
communicating spaces and may open directly to the atrium or may connect
through a corridor or another open passageway. In the last several years code
limitations on the number of levels with communicating spaces open to an atrium
have been changed to allow all levels in an atrium to have open communicating
spaces. Required airflow for smoke venting in an atrium or large space must
consider the effect of communicating space fires.
33
Lessons learned in fire and smoke movement: Hyatt Regency O'Hare Hotel
Details
Event
Location: Rosemont, IL
Date: April 1973
Fatalities: None
Injuries: 1
A 10-story hotel with rooms opening to a central atrium. The fire

started in the non-sprinklered nightclub on the first floor at
4:30 a.m. The atrium filled with smoke. The smoke exhaust
system failed to operate because a switch to the system was
turned off. Some occupants escaped along open balconies in
the atrium to enclosed stairs in the early stages of the fire. Other
occupants took refuge on exterior balconies or remained in their
rooms with the balcony doors open. The fire demonstrated that
rapid smoke generation and spread in an atrium quickly traps
occupants.
How a large space functions, location of egress routes, and the development of
hazardous conditions from expected fire scenarios demands a tailoring of smoke
management systems for each application. However, the technical fundamentals
of smoke production and spread are the same for all of these spaces. A shopping
mall smoke management design will focus on assuring egress paths are
available, while a warehouse smoke management design will focus on the stored
materials.
Parameters that may have an impact on the design of a smoke management
system in a large space include:
Ceiling height
Fuel load
Use of the space
Separation of communicating spaces from the protected space
34
Smoke control system components

Figure 17: Input and output components
Output circuits
Initiating circuits
Detectors
Limit switches &

air flow monitoring
Manual
pull
stations
(Stairwells only)
Manual
Controls
SMOKE117.CDR
Fans
Automatic
sprinkler
and waterflow
switches
Firefighter's smoke-control station (FSCS)
Dampers
FSCS series annunciator

Door Closers
3-LCD
LED/switch
module
Controls
The smoke control system must fully coordinate smoke control system functions
between the:
EST3 fire protective signaling system
Automatic sprinkler system
FSCS
Systems related HVAC energy management
35
Building smoke control equipment.
Operation of the smoke control system either as a component of the EST3 fire
alarm system or as a stand-alone EST3 smoke control system panel from a
centralized location will be the most common applications.
Fire department suppression mobilization for large buildings may be from a
loading dock in a high-rise building or at the main entrance of large buildings. An
FSCS at the point of fire department mobilization or near the exterior of the
building will often be required by codes or standards in addition to the EST3
smoke control system.
Building main control/security center
Larger, more complex buildings and office or educational campuses contain
centralized energy management and security centers. These control points for
building systems or access may be located off the main lobby of a high-rise, in
the center of a large building, or freestanding on a campus. The location and
monitoring of the Fire Alarm Control Panel from these points is both practical and
common. Installation of the EST3 smoke control system in one of these centers
is logical. The trained personnel who monitor other fire and building systems can
also be trained for smoke control system monitoring and operation. The building's
main control or security center could also serve as the location of the FSCS, if
acceptable to the AHJ.
Firefighter's smoke control station (FSCS)
The FSCS, where required, is located according to direction from the AHJ. The
FSCS must provide full monitoring and manual control capability over all smoke
control system functions including a graphical panel.
The FSCS should be designed to have the highest priority control over all smoke
control systems and equipment. Where manual controls are also provided at
other building locations (such as the Main Control/Security Center) for use of
smoke control systems, the control mode selected from the FSCS should prevail.
The design of the FSCS must be such that control actions from this point will
override or bypass other building controls such as Hand-Off-Auto and Start/Stop
switches located on fan motor controllers, freeze detection devices, and duct
smoke detectors.
FSCS controls should not override or bypass devices and controls intended to
protect against electrical overloads, provide for personnel safety, or prevent
major system damage. These include overcurrent protection devices, electrical
disconnect switches, high-limit static pressure switches, and combination
fire/smoke dampers beyond their degradation temperature classifications.
36
FSCS non-dedicated system fan motor controller switches do not need to be

bypassed when:
Located in mechanical or electrical equipment rooms
Inaccessible to the general public
Operation of such a switch will result in a trouble condition at the building's

main control center
The EST3 SCS, to be effective, should include an FSCS series annunciator with
a building diagram that indicates the type and location of all smoke control
equipment. The building areas affected by the equipment, including barrier walls,
should also be clearly indicated (Figure 17).
The actual status of system components that are activated or capable of
activation for smoke control should be clearly indicated at the FSCS series
annunciator. Status indication is for on and off status of each individual fan
having a capacity of 2,000 cfm (944 L/s) or more and used for smoke control.
The ON status should be sensed by pressure difference as a confirmation of
airflow. Damper position status is also often required by UUKL and NFPA 92B.
HVAC system controls
Initial design of HVAC system controls or modification of existing HVAC controls
to incorporate smoke control system requirements must include assigning the
highest priority to the smoke control mode.
Dedicated smoke control systems, while not utilizing HVAC fans and controls, will
sometimes require the shutdown of the building HVAC equipment in addition to
the closing of dampers interconnected to the HVAC system.
Non-dedicated fire systems will use HVAC components and control systems.
HVAC control systems use pneumatic, electric, electronic, and programmable
logic-based control units. All of these control systems can be adapted to provide
the necessary logic and control sequences to configure HVAC systems for
smoke control. Programmable electronic logic or microprocessor based control
units for HVAC systems which also provide other building control and monitoring
functions are readily adapted to provide the necessary logic and control
sequences for an HVAC system's smoke control mode of operation.
Smoke control system activation and deactivation

Smoke control system activation is the initiation of the operational mode of a
smoke control system. Deactivation is the cessation of the operational mode of
the smoke control system and return of HVAC control to the building
environmental control center. Smoke control systems usually are activated
automatically but can be manually initiated under conditions deemed appropriate
37
as a part of the smoke control system design. Under all operating conditions, the
smoke control system must be capable of manual override.
Loss of building power should be evaluated to determine if the smoke control
system design would function as intended. The evaluation must consider the
position (open or shut) of smoke dampers upon loss of power and when the fan
systems the dampers served are shutdown.
Automatic activation or deactivation of a smoke control system includes all
initiating circuit action that results in the operation of one or more smoke control
zones without manual intervention. Automatic activation will usually come from
smoke detectors and waterflow switches.
Smoke control system activation should begin immediately upon receipt of an
activation command. Sequencing of smoke control components (fans, dampers,
ducts, and louvers) is necessary to prevent physical damage to the equipment.
Over-pressurization of a duct due to early or improper damper operation could
result in damage to the duct and an inability to effectively control smoke in a
zone.
NFPA 92A, Recommended Practice for Smoke Control Systems, establishes the
maximum response time for individual components to reach a fully operational
mode. Fans must reach the specified flow rate within 60 seconds and confirm the
state has been reached at the smoke control panel and the FSCS. Completion of
smoke damper travel to either the fully open or the fully closed state must be
accomplished within 75 seconds of signal initiation.
Note: Local codes, like UBC, may specify other times. Check all applicable
codes and use the time limit required.
Initiating circuits
Smoke control system initiating circuits may contain the same alarm initiating
devices found in a standard EST3 fire alarm system and Initiating Device Circuit
(IDC). Alarm Initiating Devices used for smoke control may also serve a dualpurpose, initiating alarm notification or control functions required under NFPA 72.
A smoke control system initiating device, when activated, initiates predetermined
system sequences.
Detection
Smoke control system initiation using smoke detectors is most common. Since
the goal of smoke control systems is most often to maintain tenability in a zone or
space, heat or flame-type detection is not considered responsive enough for use
in a smoke control system. Heat detectors in maintenance or similar rooms
38
incidental to the area protected or locations where smoke detectors cannot be

effectively installed may be connected to the smoke control system.
Detection using either photoelectric or ionization spot type smoke detectors
should be based upon the space protected. Smoke development and travel are
influenced by ceiling configuration and height, burning characteristics of
materials, fuel arrangement, room geometry, and HVAC systems installed.
Some large volume spaces, such as atriums, have been reported to experience
temperatures of up to 200 F (93.3 C) because of solar loads. Detectors in these
areas need to be capable of operating in this day-to-day environment. Installation
sheets for detectors contain operating temperature ranges for detectors.
Signature Series Smoke detectors should be installed in accordance with the
requirements contained in the Signature Series Intelligent Smoke and Heat
Detectors Applications Bulletin (270145).
Concerns over smoke stratification and detector access in large or high ceiling
areas, such as atriums, is increasingly leading designers to specify projected
beam-type smoke detectors. Projected beam detectors work on the principle of
light obscuration. A beam of infrared light is transmitted across the protected
area and is monitored by a receiver. Smoke particles entering the beam path can
either absorb or scatter the beam of light, causing a reduction in light received.
When the reduction in light received reaches a threshold, an alarm signal is
generated.
Since both absorption and scattering of light cause a reduction in the light sensed
at the receiver, projected beam detectors work well for both smoldering and fastflaming fires.
Projected-beam detectors are normally installed parallel and within 20 inches
(0.508 m) of the ceiling except when high ceilings or smoke stratification are a
design consideration. Projected beam detectors have an operating range of 30 to
330 feet (9.1 to 100.6 m).
Manual pull stations
Manual pull stations are placed in buildings for occupant use in reporting fires
and notifying other occupants. Manual pull stations are not normally used to
activate smoke control systems, but may be used for stairwell pressurization
systems. With manual pull stations there is a greater likelihood of a person
signaling an alarm from a station outside the smoke zone in which the fire is
occurring and thereby pressuring and venting the wrong areas.
39
Automatic sprinkler and specialized extinguishing systems

The same criteria that dictate the installation of a smoke control system are likely
to also dictate the installation of an automatic extinguishing system. Most model
codes will require automatic sprinklers for large or tall buildings.
In the design of the smoke control systems, the size of the expected fire must be
determined in order to establish exhaust flows for the smoke generated.
Automatic sprinkler systems are designed to contain or control fires, thus limiting
the size of an expected fire and the amount of smoke generated. Smoke control
system designers utilize the limiting of fire size and spread due to automatic
sprinklers as an important element in sizing HVAC systems and fans for smoke
control.
Automatic sprinkler systems can be utilized to activate a smoke control zone,
provided the flow switch for the sprinkler system serves only fire sprinklers in the
smoke control zone. For new buildings, the coverage areas of sprinkler systems
must be coordinated with smoke zone areas to ensure applicability.
Manual controls
For smoke control, manual activation or deactivation refers to the means
available to an authorized person to activate one of the smoke control functions.
Manual fire alarm pull stations are not in this category. Manual controls will be at
the FSCS in a location directed by the AHJ.
Smoke control output circuits

Smoke control system output circuits may contain some of the same output
modules and devices found in a standard EST3 fire alarm system. Output
commands for a smoke control zone include the startup or shutdown of fans,
damper operation, vent or louver operation, and door or barrier operation.
Sequencing of each action is critical in the proper functioning of a smoke control
system. Dampers may need to reach fully open or fully closed position prior to
fan startup. Fans may also need to rundown or stop prior to damper movement.
Fans
HVAC fans are classified as either centrifugal or axial. Fan performance and
economics are major factors in the type of fan for an application. Forward-curved
fans are used for low-pressure applications including residential furnaces and
packaged air-conditioning equipment. Airfoil and backward-curved fans are used
for general-purpose HVAC applications, and airfoil fans are usually limited to
large systems where the energy savings are significant. Radial fans are used
when high pressures are needed. New building installations using fans for smoke
40
control will consider the emergency operation parameters when selecting the
HVAC system fans.
Centrifugal fans: Centrifugal fans are subdivided into forward-curved,
backward-curved, and airfoil. Forward-curved centrifugal fans rotate at a
relatively low speed. They are generally used to produce high flow rates and low
static pressures. Backward-curved fans rotate at about twice the speed of
forward-curved fans and have a higher efficiency. Both forward-curved and
backward-curved impeller blades are single-width blades.
Figure 18: Centrifugal fans
T
TLE
OU EA
AR
* Blades
fins
Cut off
Direction of
impeller
rotation
AI
OW
FL
AIR
*Impeller
wheel
RF
LO
W
SMOKE118.CDR
rotor
Airfoil fans: Airfoil fans are simply backward-curved fans with blades of varying
thickness to improve fan efficiency. Airfoil blades are based upon the same
technology that is used to design airplane wings. Tubular centrifugal fans are an
exception to the classification. They have single width impeller blades and
straightening vanes at the discharge. Tubular centrifugal fans are used in lowpressure HVAC applications, often as return air fans.
Figure 19: Tubular centrifugal fan
SW centrifugal
fan wheel
Streamline
Inlet
Air out
Air in
Smoke119.CDR
Straightening Vanes
41
Axial fans: Axial fans are subdivided as propeller fans, tubeaxial fans, and
vaneaxial fans. Axial fans are designed to achieve high flow rates at low
pressures. Common uses for axial fans include kitchen and rest room exhaust,
stairwell or elevator pressurization, and space ventilation. Propeller fans are
susceptible to adverse pressure conditions that would include opposing wind
loads from the exterior. Unlike centrifugal fans, the backward rotation of an axial
fan normally results in backward flow at a reduced airflow rate.
Figure 20: Axial fan
Guide vane
Motor
Blade
AIRF
LOW
OUT
SMOKE120.CDR
AIRF
LOW
IN
Exhaust fans for smoke control are selected to operate in the design conditions
of the smoke and fire. While dilution with ambient air can significantly cool down
the fire temperature reaching fans, there are also instances where the direct
effects of the fire will be on the smoke control equipment.
HVAC systems with the capacity, outlets, grill locations and flow rates are
suitable for smoke control. For HVAC systems, a means must be provided to
prevent the supply system from operating until the exhaust flow has been
established to avoid pressurization of the fire/smoke area. In colder locations
where the introduction of outside air into the space due to inadvertent operation
or testing could damage contents, consideration should be given towards heating
the makeup air.
Fans must reach their specified flow rate within 60 seconds and confirm the state
has been reached at the smoke control panel and the FSCS.
Dampers
Dampers in air-moving systems are used to balance and control airflow, relieve
excess pressure, and resist fire or smoke passage. Fire, smoke, or ceiling
dampers are the three types of dampers used in buildings.
42
Fire dampers are used for the protection of openings in walls, partitions, or floors
and are rated at 1 1/2 or 3 hours. Fire dampers are installed in accordance with
UL 555, Standard for Safety Fire Dampers. A fire damper does not prevent the
leakage of smoke through the opening and is normally released by a fusible link.
Smoke dampers resist the passage of smoke and protect openings in smoke
barriers or as a part of engineered smoke control systems. Smoke dampers are
installed in accordance with UL 555S, Standard for Safety Leakage Rated
Dampers for Use in Smoke Control Systems. Combination fire/smoke dampers
will have a fire resistance rating and meet both UL 555 and UL 555S.
Ceiling dampers or other methods for protecting openings in floor/roof-ceiling
assemblies are installed in accordance with UL 555C, Standard for Safety Ceiling
Dampers.
Fire and ceiling dampers are designed to close upon the operation of a fusible
link. When dampers are part of an engineered smoke control system the
temperature rating of the fusible links must be 50 degrees above the maximum
smoke control system designed operating temperature with some additional
qualifiers found in UL 555S.
With the remote operation of dampers for the engineered smoke control system,
dampers must have provisions that allow them to re-close automatically upon
reaching the damper's maximum degradation temperature as defined in UL
555S.
Completion of smoke damper travel to either the fully open or the fully closed
state must be accomplished within 75 seconds and be confirmed at the FSCS.
Note: Local codes may require different response times for smoke dampers. See
System Response time on page 112.
Louvers and vents
Various combinations of louvers, vents, and nonrated dampers can be used as a
part of a smoke control system. These venting methods are used to prevent
over-pressurization of stairwells, elevator shafts and smoke zones. Vents can
provide relief using barometric dampers with adjustable counterweights or
electric or pneumatic motor-operated dampers.
Venting in stairwell and some atrium smoke control systems may use sideswinging doors that open to the exterior in lieu of louvers or vents. Exterior doors
produce a constant-supply air rate, a recognized advantage in the design of stair
systems on several fronts, including a requirement in the Supplement to the
National Building Code of Canada. Exterior door opening is a method of reducing
pressure fluctuations in the stairwell in the same way in which louvers and vents
are used.
43
Movable louvers may be used in elevator or stairwell pressurization systems and

must be interconnected to the smoke control system to ensure that they open in
the proper sequence. Movable louvers may also be used for some building or
zoned smoke control systems. For whichever device is selected, there should be
a capability to close the opening should smoke begin to enter through it.
Doors for makeup air
The simplest method of introducing makeup air into an area is via direct openings
to the outside using doors and louvers, which can be opened upon system
activation. For new construction, the architectural designer, in concert with the
smoke control system designer, can place these opening below the expected
smoke layer. For locations where such openings are impractical, a powered
supply system will likely be used.
Door/wall closers
In the last decade, several manufacturers have developed rolling or bifold door
and wall systems, which can be used to create a smoke zone, isolate elevator
shafts, lobbies, or areas of refuge.
Smoke barriers, other than side swinging doors, are supplied by a small number
of manufacturers. The Won-Door Co. has received a door and a wall rating for
their bifold system; McKeon Rolling Door has a rolling/swinging door
combination; and SmokeGuard Corp. has an elevator opening protective. Listing
directories for buildings materials contain specifics about these products.
Each of these barrier systems depends upon smoke detection for operation and
where used is an important part of establishing and maintaining smoke control
zones.
Panel and component operation

Panel functions
This chapter provides general information on the techniques used to evaluate the
physical characteristics of smoke movement through buildings as a basis for
designing smoke control systems. Mechanical system components consisting
primarily of fans and dampers are determined, sized, and located by the smoke
control system designer. The smoke control system designer is an engineer,
architect, or competent person, usually on the building owner's design team.
The EST3 Smoke control System Designer should not establish smoke zones
and airflow requirements as a part of the design unless they are competent in
HVAC system and smoke movement analysis. The EST3 smoke control system
44
panel functions are therefore based upon requirements established by the smoke
control system designer.
Detection of a fire or smoke condition is the same for an EST3 smoke control
system panel and the standard EST3 fire alarm panel. Outputs from the smoke
control system are focused upon two areas:
Removing or reducing smoke from an area or zone
Compartmentalizing a smoke zone
Smoke control system functions do not include the alerting of the occupants or
fire department of the event; this is performed by the fire alarm panel.
An EST3 smoke control system can be a stand-alone panel with its own Central
Processor module (CPU), Primary Power Supply module, Local Rail Modules,
Control/LED Displays, and related controllers. Alternately, an EST3 smoke
control system can be housed in an EST3 fire alarm panel sharing a CPU,
Primary Power Supply module, and other panel functions.
The decision to incorporate smoke control system functions into the EST3 fire
alarm panel should be accepted as a part of the design process by the building
owner and local AHJ requirements. There are some jurisdictions currently
requiring a stand-alone smoke control system under their building and fire codes.
Control system supervision and instrumentation
Every smoke control system must have a means of ensuring it will operate if
needed. The means will vary according to the complexity and importance of the
system. Supervision devices can include:
The presence of operating power downstream of all circuit disconnects
End-to-end supervision of wiring, equipment, and devices in a manner that

includes provisions for positive confirmation of activation, periodic testing, and
manual override operation
Positive confirmation of fan activation by means of duct pressure, airflow, or

equivalent sensors that respond to loss of operating power, problems in the
power or control circuit wiring, airflow restrictions, and failure of the belt, shaft
coupling, or motor itself
Positive confirmation of damper operation by contact, proximity, or equivalent

sensors that respond to loss of operating power or compressed air, problems
in the power control circuit, or pneumatic lines, and failure of the damper
actuator, linkage, or damper itself
Other devices or means as appropriate
45
Energy management systems

Energy management systems, particularly those that cycle supply, return, and
exhaust fans for energy conservation, must be overridden when they control or
may operate in conflict with the smoke control system. Smoke control is an
emergency mode of operation and is to take priority over all energy management
and other non-emergency control modes.
Materials
Materials used for systems supplying smoke control are to conform to NFPA
90A, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems,
and its referenced standards.
Duct materials should be designed and selected to convey hot smoke, withstand
any additional pressure (either positive or negative) by the supply and exhaust
fans when operating in a smoke control mode. Ducts must maintain their
structural integrity during the period when they are designed to operate. Special
high-temperature ratings for smoke exhaust fans are not normally necessary.
Electrical power requirements
All electrical installations must meet the requirements of NFPA 70, National
Electric Code, in addition to building code requirements. Normal electrical power
serving air conditioning systems will generally have sufficient reliability for nondedicated zoned smoke control systems.
Standby power for dedicated smoke control systems and their control systems
should be adequate for the expected duration of a fire event.
Programming functions
Regardless of the type of smoke control system installed, the control and
programming device functions will fall into three general categories.
The operation of fans: turning ON or OFF
The operation of compartmenting components (dampers, doors, louvers,

walls, or windows): to OPEN or CLOSE
Auto is the placement of HVAC system components in their normal non-fire

condition.
From the two control categories the monitoring or status of smoke control
equipment will also be needed or required. Verification of devices results in a
confirmation of:
An ON (fan) or OPEN (dampers, etc.) condition
An OFF (fan) or CLOSED (dampers, etc.) condition
46
Control and Monitoring Functions will fall into one of the categories shown in
Table 1 for fans or compartmenting devices. Monitoring will take the form of a
control panel LCD or annunciator LED. Table 1 provides a list of control actions
and the devices they monitor.
Table 1: Control and monitoring functions
Control action
Resulting Control or LED status
AUTO OFF
Overrides normal HVAC Controls
Turn Fan OFF
Only when Fan is OFF
Turn Fan OFF
Only when Fan is ON
Turn Fan OFF
Fan is ON & OFF
Turn Fan ON
Turn Fan ON
Only when Fan is ON
Turn Fan ON
When Fan is ON & OFF
Turn Fan ON & OFF
Turn Fan ON & OFF
Only when Fan is ON
Turn Fan ON & OFF
Only when Fan is ON & OFF
CLOSE Damper*
When Damper is CLOSED
CLOSE Damper*
When Damper is OPEN
CLOSE Damper*
When Damper is OPEN & CLOSED
OPEN Damper*
When Damper is CLOSED
OPEN Damper*
When Damper is OPEN
OPEN Damper*
OPEN & CLOSE Damper*
Damper is CLOSED
When Damper is OPEN
AUTO ON
Returns HVAC to normal operation
* For this table, damper is used to denote any compartmenting device.
For each of the control actions in Table 1 the verification of the result is displayed
at a monitoring point. For example, a controlling action to Turn Fan ON or OFF
with a monitoring requirement to verify Only when Fan is ON results in the
capability to turn the fan ON or OFF when a fire is detected. In addition,
verification when the fan is turned on in response to a fire will occur, usually in
the form of an LED at the EST3 Smoke control Panel.
Note: Typically for a non-dedicated HVAC fan, when the fan is in its normal or
auto operating state, there will be suppression of the LED monitor point.
47
Control and monitoring examples

For Figure 21 both fans and dampers are used for smoke control. There are two
zones for the multiple zone arrangement. In the example, there is a supply and
return vent for each area with dampers located at each vent and the system is
equipped with mechanical exhaust.
The smoke control system designer has determined that in the event of a fire, the
smoke zone must be placed under a negative pressure and adjacent zones must
have positive pressures to prevent smoke intrusion. Depressurization of the
smoke zone is accomplished by closing the supply damper (S1), verifying the
exhaust damper (R1) is open, and turning on the return air fan. Pressurization of
the adjacent area is accomplished by closing the exhaust damper (R2) and
opening the supply damper (S2) while starting the supply fan.
The steps in controlling and monitoring the Figure 21 smoke control system
example upon fire detection are found in Table 2.
Table 2: Smoke control sequencing for Figure 21
Control action
Monitor-LED indication
AUTO OFF
Overrides normal HVAC controls
Open Damper R1
Only when Damper R1 is OPEN
Close Damper S1
Only when Damper S1 is CLOSED
Start Return Fan
Return Fan ON
Close Damper R2
Only when Damper R2 is CLOSED
Open Damper S2
Only when Damper S2 is OPEN
Start Supply Fan
Supply Fan ON
The Control Sequencing in Table 1 will be discussed in detail as it applies to an

EST3 smoke control system in Chapters 2 and 3.
48
Figure 21: Smoke control using fans and dampers

Exhaust to outside
Fan
Supply from outside

Fan
R1
S1
Smoke zone
R2
Adjacent smoke
control zone
SMOKE121.CDR
Dampers
Additional reading
Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, William A. Schmidt, NFPA Fire
Protection Handbook, Eighteenth Edition
Design of Smoke Management Systems, John H. Klote and James A. Milke
Emergency Movement, Harold E. Nelson and H.E. MacLennan, The SFPE
Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, second edition
Fire Alarm Signaling Systems, Richard W. Bukowski and Robert J. O'Laughlin
Movement of People, Jake Pauls, The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection
Engineering, second edition
ASME/ANSI117.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators
NFPA 92 A, Recommended Practice for Smoke Control Systems
NFPA 92B, Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria, and Large
Areas
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code
NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code
NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code Chapter 6
NFPA 204, Guide for Smoke and Heat Venting
49
BOCA, Business Object Component Architecture International

UBC, Uniform Building Code
SBC, Standard Building Code
IBC, International Building Code
UL-864, UUKL section for Smoke Control System Equipment
Signature Series Intelligent Smoke and Heat Detectors Bulletin (270145)
Smoke Movement in Buildings, John H. Klote and Harold E. Nelson NFPA Fire
Protection Handbook, Eighteenth Edition
Smoke Movement and Control in High-rise Buildings, George T. Tamura
Smoke Control in Fire Safety Design, E.G. Butcher and A.C. Parnell
Commissioning Smoke Management Systems, ASHRAE Guideline 5-1994,
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers, Inc,
1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329
50
Chapter 2
Smoke-control system
hardware
Summary
The EST3 smoke control system hardware components are described in this
Chapter as a part of an EST3 fire alarm network or as a standalone system with
an annunciator panel for firefighter use.
Content
The EST3 smoke control system 52
Standalone 53
Integrated 53
Firefighters smoke control station (FSCS) 53
EST3 smoke control system design considerations 54
Dedicated 54
Non-dedicated 58
FSCS firefighters smoke control station (FSCS) 62
EST3 SCS installation 62
Cabinets and enclosures 63
Power supplies 73
Components 81
Detectors 81
Modules 81
FSCS series smoke control graphics annunciators 89
Description 89
Cabinets 89
Graphic annunciator modules 90
FSCS current requirements 95
Wiring diagrams 96
Relay control with LED/switch displays 96
51
Chapter 2: Smoke-control system hardware
The EST3 smoke control system

The EST3 smoke control system is designated in this manual as the SCS. The
SCS consists of fans, dampers, and other controls included in a typical EST3
installation. The EST3 firefighters smoke control station is designated in this
manual as the FSCS.
The SCS and the FSCS include a Main LCD Display module (LCD) and
LED/switch modules, which are common to the EST3 fire alarm network. The
FSCS may also include a smoke control graphics annunciator, which is not a part
of the EST3 network. The smoke control graphics annunciator is designated in
this manual as an FSCS series annunciator. The model names for the FSCS
series annunciators include:
FSCS-1 smoke control graphics annunciator (18 x 24 in)
Note: Do not confuse the FSCS series annunciators or their model names with
the FSCS (firefighters smoke control station).
The SCS and the FSCS are able to receive fire alarm inputs and perform
predetermined control functions. Control functions include opening or closing
doors, dampers, and barriers. Other control functions include shutting down or
starting up fans to limit smoke spread beyond the area of origin.
The SCS may be designed and installed as a standalone system or integrated
into the standard EST3 fire alarm network panels. NFPA 92A contains
performance criteria for the design of a smoke control system. The integrity of a
smoke control system can be accomplished with smoke control components
mounted in an EST3 fire alarm panel which also provides for occupant
notification, off premises notification, and other NFPA 72 alarm system
requirements not common to smoke control functions.
To meet NFPA 92A design criteria, some jurisdictions may require a panel for the
SCS separate from the fire alarm system. Confirmation of the ability to integrate
smoke control system components into the fire alarm panel should be made with
the owner and the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) prior to installation.
The FSCS series annunciator panel must indicate the routing of fire alarm
devices connected to the SCS as required by NFPA 72. Operational power for
dampers, fans, and their related components are critical to the operation of the
smoke control system and should be on building emergency power. NFPA 92A
recommends connection to emergency power for critical smoke control
52
components, while local the AHJ may require emergency power for all system
components.
Standalone
An EST3 SCS designed and installed independent of any fire alarm system
requirements constitutes a standalone smoke control system. This type of
application is most suitable for:
Applications where the SCS also serves as the FSCS
Multiple building facilities or business campus environments
Single zone systems like stairwells, elevator shafts, and vertical shafts
The AHJ in some jurisdictions may require the SCS be installed as a standalone
fire protection component.
Integrated
The EST3 SCS utilizes many components found in an EST3 fire alarm network
and may even share the same cabinet. The SCS may also share EST3
components like the CPU module. In such cases, comply with the performance
requirements of NFPA 92A in the programming of shared components.
Firefighters smoke control station (FSCS)

The FSCS, where required, provides graphical monitoring and manual control
over the smoke control system. The FSCS must have priority over all smoke
control system components shared with an HVAC system. Where manual
controls are also provided at other building locations for management of smoke
control systems, the control mode selected from the FSCS is to have override or
bypass capability over other building controls. Building controls such as HandOff-Auto and Start/Stop switches located on fan motor controllers, freeze
detection devices, and duct smoke detectors typically must be overridden or
bypassed in order to ensure the FSCS can be used to contain or control smoke
movement.
The override exception is where fan control capability switches for non-dedicated
smoke control system fans (i.e. HVAC) are located in electrical equipment or
mechanical rooms accessible only to authorized personnel. In addition to
authorized access, the operation of one of these motor controller switches must
cause a trouble annunciation at the buildings main control center, in order that
the FSCS need not override or bypass these switches.
53
The FSCS must not override or bypass devices and controls, designed to:
Protect against electrical overloads
Provide for personnel safety
Prevent major system damage
Controls not to be overridden include:
Overcurrent protection devices
Electrical disconnect switches
High-limit static pressure switches
Combination fire/smoke dampers beyond their UL 555 degradation

temperature classifications
The FSCS series annunciator must display a building diagram that clearly
indicates the type and location of all smoke control equipment. The building
areas affected by the equipment are also to be indicated. The FSCS will utilize
the FSCS series annunciator to meet this requirement.
The actual status of the system components and equipment which are
activated or capable of activation for smoke control are to be indicated at the
FSCS series annunciator.
Status indication for each fan having a capacity of 2,000 cfm

(944 L/s) or more is to include on and off conditions. The ON status should
be sensed by pressure difference at the design smoke control airflow.
Damper position at smoke barriers and other critical locations are to be

confirmed by positive means.
EST3 smoke control system design

considerations
Dedicated
Dedicated smoke control system mechanical components such as fans and
dampers are used only for smoke control. Design and sizing of fans and other
components is focused upon static pressure control, safety devices, and sizing to
manage the required smoke control air flows.
Dedicated smoke control systems include stairwell pressurization, smoke shaft
exhaust systems, elevator shaft pressurization systems, and atrium smoke
control systems. Controls for dedicated smoke control systems will be more
54
straightforward since fans and dampers will likely be under the sole control of the
SCS.
Stairwell pressurization systems
Stairwell pressurization systems are designated as either compensated or noncompensated.
Compensated systems have control provisions which react to changes in airflow
in order to maintain a specific static pressure level. Depending upon the height of
the stairwell, sensors and exhaust dampers will adjust air flows for pressure
losses due to doors opening in the stairwell. Current designs place sensors and
exhaust damper controls at every third floor in mid or high-rise buildings.
An SCS design for compensated systems must provide for control of fans and
dampers at multiple points in a compensated system. Fans are typically VAV
type or contain bypass ducts around the fan. Stairwells of 8 floors or less may be
compensated with only fans at the top or bottom of the stairwell and dampers on
the opposite end.
Non-compensated systems do not have static pressure control provisions. Fans
and dampers or vents are designed and programmed to operate at a set
pressure for the stairwell.
Stairwell pressurization fan air intakes must be located in a manner that helps to
ensure that smoke from a building fire is not drawn into the stairwell. The air
intakes will supply all of the air to the stairwell and therefore requires a duct
smoke detector which will shut down the fan if smoke is detected and the FSCS
must have a detector override for the fan.
A relief damper for a pressurized stairwell, operable from the FSCS should be
located at the top of the stairwell to prevent over-pressurization in addition to
venting any smoke which may enter the stairwell. Damper relief is set by the
Building Smoke control System Designer, normally at not less than 2,500 cfm
(1,180 L/s) with a differential pressure of 0.15 inches (37,035 Pa) of water. The
FSCS designer should anticipate a control point for the relief damper.
Smoke shaft exhaust systems
Smoke, as covered in Chapter 1, has a tendency to move upward in a building.
Buildings may be designed with a smoke shaft as a mechanical method of
exhausting smoke from a selected floor. A smoke shaft serving a smoke zone will
assist a smoke control system by reducing smoke spread and static pressures on
the fire floor which have a tendency to push smoke into adjacent zones or to
other floors.
Smoke shaft systems consist of an exhaust fan mounted on the top of a vertical
shaft which runs up the entire height of a structure. The shaft is constructed of
55
fire rated material and connects to each floor through an FSCS and SCS
operable combination fire/smoke dampers. Dampers are normally kept closed
with the damper on the fire floor opening upon detection of fire followed by the
startup of the shaft fan. The fire/smoke dampers, which connect each zone to the
smoke shaft are to be reopening, within the limits of NFPA 90A-3-4.5, to allow for
operation from the FSCS if their temperature activating mechanism causes them
to automatically close and mechanical venting is needed. The smoke fans
discharge must be a minimum of 3 feet (0.9144 m) above the roof level or deck.
Figure 22: Smoke shaft system
Fan discharge
3 ft. Minimum
above roof
Smoke shaft
Fire / smoke zone
Dampers
Elevator shaft pressurization systems

Elevator shaft pressurization systems are similar in concept to stairwell
pressurization systems, but of two types. The first is the pressurization of the
elevator system in order that it may be used for occupant evacuation. In the
second type, the pressurization of the elevator shaft prevents or limits smoke
spread from the fire floor into the shaft. Meeting ADA area of refuge and egress
requirements in tall buildings will often bring elevator shaft pressurization into a
buildings life safety system design.
56
The Building Smoke control System Designer must evaluate the possible effect
of positive elevator pressurization upon a smoke zones ability to maintain a
negative pressure.
Elevator car movement, as reviewed in Chapter 1, may present additional
challenges in maintaining shaft pressurization.
Elevator smoke control will involve the turning on of one or more pressurization
fans and controlling the static pressure within the elevator shaft. Design
approaches today inject air into the shaft near the main floor with air flow upward
to a relief damper at the top of the shaft. Dampers are typically of the barometric
type in order to effectively maintain a higher static pressure in the elevator shaft.
Atrium smoke control systems
Governed by NFPA 92B, Guide for Smoke Management in Malls, Atria, and
Large Areas, in most local codes. Atrium smoke control, another dedicated
smoke control type, focuses upon exhausting smoke products at a rate which will
maintain tenability and help preserve visibility at lower levels of the atrium.
Smoke removal fans at the ceiling must typically provide the greater of six air
changes per hour or 40,000 cfm (18,800 L/s). Very large atriums must have a
ceiling exhaust system capable of at least four changes per hour.
Supply air openings for diluting and exhausting smoke are located on the lowest
or next to lowest level and are sized the design air flow requirements. Larger
atriums may also have fans for supplying makeup air. Openings for supply air
may consist of louvers, dampers, rolling doors, and pedestrian doors as specified
by the smoke control system designer. Operation of supply air doors or dampers
from the FSCS is required.
Detection of a fire in an atrium is via smoke detectors mounted on the ceiling,
and under floor projections in the atrium. Beam type detectors are often specified
for larger or taller spaces.
The atrium smoke control system fans and dampers are normally off or closed.
Sequencing of supply openings with fan startup is part of the EST3 SCS. Static
pressure control may be, but typically is not, a part of system operation.
For each of the dedicated system types the final goal is to create a pressure
differential of 0.15 in. to 0.45 in. of water (37.4 Pa to 112.05 Pa) across a door
opening or on either side of a barrier.
For dedicated systems, the Building Smoke control System Designer will
establish the size of fans, dampers, and vents. The sequencing of fan operation
and damper controls will also be defined for the EST3 SCS designer/installer.
57
Non-dedicated
FSCS non-dedicated mechanical system components are commonly a part of the
building HVAC system. HVAC systems are used for smoke control to create
differential pressures between the smoke zone and adjacent zones or areas.
Differential pressurization is typically achieved by providing adjacent zones with
full supply air (100 percent from the outside) without any return or exhaust in the
adjacent zone. The smoke zone air supply is stopped and full exhaust of the
zone to the outside is implemented to relieve fire generated pressures or create a
negative pressure in the smoke zone.
Non-dedicated smoke control systems include single zone HVAC systems with
direct outside air and direct exhaust air, single zone systems with common
outside air and common exhaust air, central HVAC systems, dual duct HVAC
systems, multi-zone HVAC systems, and variable air volume systems. Key FSCS
settings criteria for each of these system types and smoke control operating
positions for devices follow.
Single zone HVAC systems with direct outside air and direct exhaust air
Single zone HVAC systems most often serve one floor or a portion of a floor in a
multistory building and are readily adaptable to smoke control use.
Several zones will be used to limit smoke spread by creating differential
pressures around a fire.
Table 3: Single zone smoke control settings with direct outside air and direct exhaust air
Smoke zone
Adjacent zones
Remote zones
Supply fan OFF
Supply fan ON
Maintain HVAC operation while

power supply is available
without impacting fire area
smoke control operations
Return fan ON
Return fan OFF
Exhaust air damper OPEN
Exhaust air damper CLOSED
Return air damper CLOSED
Return air damper CLOSED
Outside air damper CLOSED
Outside air damper OPEN
Reset static pressure control to Reset static pressure control

maximize air flow and prevent
to maximize air flow and
duct failure
prevent duct failure
58
Single zone systems with common outside air and common exhaust air
Single zone systems with common outside and exhaust air receive their outside
air from a common outside air system and are found in multiple floor buildings.
HVAC controls are provided within individually zoned systems.
Single zone HVAC systems can be effectively used to provide smoke control
when smoke dampers are located at barriers to limit smoke spread.
Table 4: Single zone smoke control settings with common outside air and exhaust ducts
Smoke zone
Adjacent zones
Common outside and

exhaust air system
Common remote
zones
Supply fan OFF
Supply fan ON
Supply fan ON*
Supply fan OFF
Return fan ON*
Return fan OFF*
Return fan ON*
Return fan OFF*
Exhaust air damper

OPEN
Exhaust air damper

CLOSED
Exhaust air damper OPEN
Exhaust air damper

CLOSED
Supply air damper

CLOSED
Supply air damper

OPEN
Outside air damper OPEN
Supply air damper

CLOSED
Return air damper

CLOSED
Return air damper

CLOSED
Reset static pressure

control to maximize air flow
and prevent duct failure
* If no return fan is present, dampers are still positioned as indicated.
Central HVAC systems

Central HVAC systems are most often used in multiple floor buildings with a
single HVAC system providing service for 6 to 20 floors.
Conditioned air is supplied to each floor via large vertical shafts with each HVAC
zone having reheat provisions.
Damper positioning is the key component in isolating smoke control zones in
these systems.
Control of static pressures in large vertical shafts supplying or exhausting air is
necessary to prevent duct collapse or rupture during smoke control events.
59
Table 5: Central system smoke control settings

Smoke zone
Adjacent zones
Central system
Remote zones on
central system
Supply fan ON
Return fan ON
Exhaust air damper
OPEN
Exhaust air damper

CLOSED
Exhaust air damper

OPEN
Exhaust air damper

CLOSED
Supply air damper

CLOSED
Supply air damper

OPEN
Outside air damper

OPEN
Supply air damper

CLOSED
Return air damper

CLOSED
control to maximize air
flow and prevent duct
failure
Dual duct HVAC systems

Dual duct HVAC systems provide a central source of conditioned air through a
hot supply duct and a cold supply duct serving multiple zones. Each zone has
mixing boxes to control room temperatures.
Configuring for smoke control of dual duct HVAC systems utilizes mixing box air
flows for pressurization.
Cold air ducts are often relied upon for air supply due to their larger size.
Table 6: Dual duct smoke control settings
Smoke zone
Adjacent zones
Dual duct central

system
Remote zones on same

dual duct system
Supply fan ON
Return fan ON
Exhaust air damper
OPEN
Exhaust air damper

CLOSED
Exhaust air damper

OPEN
Exhaust air damper

CLOSED
Hot duct damper

CLOSED
Exhaust air damper

CLOSED
Outside air damper

OPEN
Hot duct damper

CLOSED
Cold duct damper

CLOSED
Hot duct damper

CLOSED
Return air damper

CLOSED
Cold duct damper

CLOSED
Cold duct damper

CLOSED

failure
60
Multi-zone HVAC systems

Multi-zone HVAC systems provide separate air mixes for each HVAC zone with
multi-zone units.
Most systems are limited to about 12 zones due to energy efficiency
considerations.
For smoke control, multi-zone systems maximize air to zones designated for
pressurization around the fire.
Cold air ducts are often relied upon for air supply due to their larger size.
Table 7: Multi-zone smoke control settings
Smoke zone
Adjacent zones
Multi-zone central
system

multi-zone system
Supply fan ON
Return fan ON
Exhaust air damper
OPEN
Exhaust air damper

CLOSED
Exhaust air damper

OPEN
Exhaust air damper

CLOSED
Supply air damper

CLOSED
Supply air damper

OPEN
Outside air damper

OPEN
Supply air damper

CLOSED
Return air damper

CLOSED
failure
Variable air volume systems (VAV)

VAV systems serve multiple building zones with conditioned air at required
volumes.
Terminal units in each building zone contain dampers to control air volume and
may contain fans and heating coils.
Damper positioning and controlling of supply and return fans to provide maximum
air volume are needed for smoke control applications using VAV systems.
Static pressure controls must be reset to permit maximum air flow without duct
collapse or rupture.
61
Table 8: VAV smoke control settings

Smoke zone
Adjacent zones
Central VAV system

central system
Supply fan ON
Return fan ON
Exhaust air damper
OPEN
Exhaust air damper

CLOSED
Exhaust air damper

OPEN
Exhaust air damper

CLOSED
Supply air damper

CLOSED
Supply air damper

OPEN
Outside air damper

OPEN
Supply air damper

CLOSED
Terminal unit
discharge damper
OPEN
Return air damper

CLOSED
failure
FSCS firefighters smoke control station

(FSCS)
The FSCS, where required, is most often located in the buildings fire command
center. The FSCS is a remotely networked panel, which also contains an FSCS
series annunciator. Where the fire command center is also located in the
buildings central security center, an SCS with a graphic annunciator may also
serve as the FCSC.
The FSCS series annunciator, with network support hardware, is capable of
providing both monitoring and manual control of smoke control system
components. The FSCS series annunciator, when combined to the correct
Signature Series modules, can be used by firefighters to start and stop fans and
open and close dampers for smoke control. The system, while designed primarily
for occupant protection and egress, can be used by firefighters to exhaust smoke
and allow for effective fire attack and extinguishment by manual means.
EST3 SCS installation

EST3 SCS installation uses components detailed here and in greater detail in the
EST3 Technical Reference Manual. System calculations, detailed hardware
applications, and networking and wiring requirements for an SCS are as detailed
in the EST3 Technical Reference Manual (270388-1).
62
Smoke control systems, which are not interconnected as part of an EST3 fire
alarm network panel, constitute a standalone system. The descriptions of
components which follow address a standalone smoke control system, but can
also be applied to a FACP function with the smoke control system components
sharing common inputs and hardware in the EST3 fire alarm network panel.
Cabinets and enclosures

EST3 smoke control system components are mounted in any of the 3-CAB or
RCC Series cabinets detailed in the EST3 Installation Manual. Each EST3 CAB
series cabinet assembly is completed with inner and outer doors.
3-CHAS7
The 3-CHAS7 chassis provides the mounting, internal power and data
distribution for up to seven plug-in local rail modules. Chassis design facilitates
separation of power-limited and nonpower-limited circuits by locating powerlimited circuitry toward the front of the chassis and nonpower-limited wiring at the
rear of the chassis. The 3-CHAS7 chassis mounts to the back wall of a 3-CAB7,
3-CAB14, and 3-CAB21 cabinets. Multiple 3-CHAS7 chassis are interconnected
within a cabinet using the supplied cables. The chassis are suitable for direct
mounting in a standard EIA 19-inch rack. When 19-inch rack mounted, trim
plates are required. The 3-CHAS4, XLS200, and 3-CABS provide similar chassis
functionality.
63
Figure 23: 3-CHAS7 chassis
J8
J9
J11
J10
J8
J9
J11
J10
[3CHAS7.CDR]
Table 9: 3-CHAS7 chassis specifications

Cabinet Installation
Requires one chassis space
19-inch rack dimensions

(HWD)
12.0 in x 19.0 in x 5.25 in (30.48 cm x 48.26 cm x 13.34 cm)
Central Processor module (CPU)

Each EST3 panel has a Central Processor module (CPU). Several models of
CPU are available. See the current compatibility lists for details.
The CPU is the control point for all other modules and for the SCS operator
interface units common to the EST3 network. Installation requirements are
detailed in the EST3 Installation Manual. The front of the module has four hinged
standoffs for the front panel/display door.
Install the 3-RS485 Network Communications Card, if required, in CPU
connector J2. The card should be firmly seated in its connector, then secured to
the CPU controller board by pressing the snap rivet on the front side of the
controller.
64
Table 10: CPU specifications

Processor
Memory capacity
RAM
Message queue
Event history log
16 Bit
1 MB flash nonvolatile
1 MB volatile static
500 events per queue
1,000 to 1700 events, dependent on event type
Rail space required
Must be mounted in LRM spaces 1 and 2 in 3-CHAS7 for all

applications
Display (optional)
LCD display module mounts on front
Integral RS-232 Serial Port

Connector
Circuit length
Isolated, Class B
RJ-45
50 ft. (15.2 m) max.
Optional RS-232 serial port

card
Port 1
Port 2
Baud rate
Connector
Circuit length
Optically isolated
Optically isolated
300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400
Via terminals on CPU
50 ft. (15.2 m) max.
Optional network
communications port
Configuration
Format
Circuit length
Circuit resistance
Circuit capacitance
Wire type
Isolated, Class B (Style 4) or Class A (Style 7)

RS-485 using 3-RS-485 card
3,000 ft. (915 m) max. between any three panels
90 , max.
0.3 F, max.
Twisted pair, 18 AWG (0.75 sq. mm) min.
Wiring
Termination
Size
All wiring connects to removable plug-in terminal strips

14 AWG (1.5 sq. mm ) max.
System alarm relay
Form C, rated at 24 VDC at 1A
System trouble relay
System supervisory relay
Operating environment
32 to 120 F (0 to 49 C), 93% RH, noncondensing
Main LCD Display module

An EST3 system must include at least one Main LCD Display module (LCD).
Several LCD models are available. See the current compatibility lists for details.
The LCD is the primary operator interface for the SCS and FSCS. The LCD is
mounted to the inner door in front of the CPU. The LCD combines with the
3-ANNCPUx to form the FSCS. The LCD is connected to any optional display
modules with a ribbon cable.
65
As the firefighter interface for the FSCS the LCD switches and the LED indicators
have the same functionality as the CPU/LCD. Only one LCD is required for an
entire network, at the point of network control, most often at the fire command
center.
The display provides a 64 by 128 pixel back-lit liquid crystal display. Graphic
symbols as well as text may be displayed on the screen.
Figure 24: LCD
Power
CPU
Fail
Test
GND
Disable
Fault
Reset
Alarm
Silence
Panel
Silence
Drill
Alarm
Sup'y
Trouble
Monitor
Previous
Message
Next
Expanded
Message
Command
Menu
[SMOKE34.CDR]
LEDs on the LCD display power, test, CPU fail, ground fault and disable
functions. Switches with integral LEDs are provided for reset, trouble silence,
alarm silence, and drill functions.
Message queue select switches with integral LEDs are provided for alarm,
supervisory, trouble, and monitor message queues. Scrolling through a message
queue is accomplished using Next and Previous message queue switches.
Special function switches are also provided for expanded messages. The display
is also equipped with a 10 digit numeric keypad with enter and delete keys.
66
Table 11: LCD specifications

Mounting
Mounts on the front of the CPU module
Installation
Plugs into connector J1 of CPU module
LCD display
64 x 128 pixels, super twist back-lit liquid crystal
Indicators
Power
CPU failure
Test
Ground fault
Disable
Reset
Trouble silence
Alarm silence
Drill
Alarm message queue
Supervisory msg. queue
Trouble message queue
Monitor message queue
Green LED
Yellow LED
Yellow LED
Yellow LED
Yellow LED
Yellow LED integral with reset switch
Yellow LED integral with panel silence switch
Yellow LED integral with alarm silence switch
Yellow LED integral with drill switch
Red LED integral with alarm message queue switch
Yellow LED integral with supervisory msg. queue switch
Yellow LED integral with trouble msg. queue switch
Yellow LED integral with monitor msg. queue switch
Operator controls
Reset switch
Alarm silence switch
Panel silence switch
Drill switch
10 digit keypad with enter and delete keys
Message queue scroll switches
Command menu switch
Expanded messages switch
Messages per queue
500 messages per queue, max.
Current requirements
Standby
Alarm
53 mA at 24 VDC
53 mA at 24 VDC
32 to 120 F (0 to 49 C) 93% RH, noncondensing
LED/switch displays
Control/LED displays provide additional operator interface capability for the
network as individual, designer assignable LEDs and touch-pad switches.
Control/LED displays mount on the 3-ANNSM Support or LRM modules hinged
front panel. LEDs must be selected for the appropriate control function. All
Control/LED displays are compatible with the lamp test function.
Table 12: Control / LED display specifications
Model
LED Configuration
Switch Configuration
3-24R
24 Red
None
3-24Y
24 Yellow
None
67
3-24G
24 Green
None
3-12SG
12 Green
12
3-12SR
12 Red
12
3-12SY
12 Yellow
12
3-12/S1GY
12 Green over Yellow pairs
12
3-12/S1RY
12 Red over Yellow pairs
12
3-12/S2Y
24 Yellow
12
3-6/3S1G2Y
6 Green-over-Yellow-overYellow triads
6 triads
3-6/3S1GYR
6 Green-over-Yellow-over-Red 6 triads
triads
Installation
Mounts on the front of any LRM or 3-ANNSM module except the

CPU or 3-ANNCPUx
Figure 25: LED labeling and displays
SMOKE25.CDR
Installation
3-24x
68
3-12Sx
3-12/Sxx
3-6/3S1Gxx
LED Display, model 3-24x LED, provides 24 LEDs. Adjacent to each LED is a
slip-in label, for LED function identification. A typical application for smoke control
would be the confirming visual signals for damper position or fan operation using
the 3-24G model.
Control/LED display, model 3-12/Sx, provides 12 LEDs, each grouped with one
switch. Adjacent to each Control/LED is a slip-in label, for Control/LED function
identification. A typical application for smoke control would be the monitoring and
control of dedicated fans in a stair tower which need only an ON/OFF operation.
Control/LED display, model 3-12/Sxx provides 24 LEDs, each pair of LEDs is
grouped with one switch. Adjacent to each Control/LED group is a slip-in label,
for Control/LED function identification. A typical application for smoke control
would be the monitoring and control of fans and dampers.
Control/LED display, model 3-6/3Sxxx provides 18 LEDs, each triad of LEDs is
grouped with three software interlocked switches. Adjacent to each Control/LED
group is a slip-in label, for Control/LED function identification. This Control/LED is
well suited for HVAC fan control where ON/OFF/AUTO controls are desired in
place of EVSC3 series toggle switches on the FSCS.
LED/switch display and configuration
The switches on an LED/switch display may be configured to use one of three
available operating modes. The available operating modes are:
Toggle
Interlocked
Momentary
Toggle: The state of the switch changes each time the switch is pushed, i.e.
start to stop or stop to start.
The toggle switch mode can be used in smoke control systems to perform twostate operations (on/off, open/close).
The output of an on switch remains on during panel reset, and must be
manually turned off when no longer required.
Interlocked: Three adjacent toggle switches that operate as a group. Pushing
any switch in the group turns the output of the other two switches off and turns
its own output on.
Interlocked switches are sometimes referred to as radio buttons.
The interlocked mode is commonly used for Hand-Off-Auto control of HVAC
systems. It is also useful for controlling up to three mutually exclusive events,
however, only one of the three events can be active at any one time.
69
An interlocked switch in the on state can be turned off without activating a

second switch by pressing the on switch a second time.
The output of the on switch remains on, during panel reset, and must be
manually turned off when no longer required.
Momentary: The switch is on only while manually activated by the operator.
The momentary switch mode is typically to issue momentary commands which
typically are self-latching until complete. Common examples are: lamp tests,
function reset and test sequences.
Switches are always configured in groups of three, regardless of the operating
mode. Switches are configured using the LRM configuration function in the SDU
program by selecting the Operator Layer tab.
3-LDSM LED display support rail module
The 3-LDSM LED display support module provides the circuitry required to
operate a LED/Switch display when the cabinet does not have enough modules
installed on a rail chassis to support the number of displays required. Connect
the display ribbon cable (P/N 250186) from connector J1 on the display to
connector J1 on the module.
Mount the Control/LED Display in the recess on the front of the module door.
Secure the display to the module with the four supplied plastic rivets. Snap the
door into the modules hinged standoffs.
Table 13: 3-LDSM LED display support module specifications
Installation
1 LRM space
70
Figure 26: 3-LDSM Module
TX RX
TX RX
J1
[3LDSM.CDR]
3-LRMF Blank Local Rail Module

The 3-LRMF Blank Local Rail Module is used to fill unused module spaces on a
rail. Install a 3-LRMF module in each rail space which does not have a module
installed to: fill in any gaps in the rail, provide a uniform appearance, and prevent
the entry of foreign objects into the cabinet.
3-RS485 Network RS-485 communications card
The 3-RS485 network data communications card is used to connect two CPU
modules using copper conductors. A Class A/B circuit is provided for network
communications, and a Class B circuit is provided for digital audio
communications.
The 3-RS485 Network Communications Card is delivered installed with the
3-ANNCPUx in the FSCS.
71
The card should be firmly seated in its connector, then secured to the CPU
controller board by pressing the snap rivets on the front side of the controller.
Table 14: 3-RS485 Network RS-485 communication card specifications
Installation
Plugs into connector J2 of CPU
Network data communications

circuit
Circuit configuration
Data rate
Isolation
Circuit length
Circuit resistance
Circuit capacitance
Wire type
Class B (Style 4) or Class A (Style 7)

38.4 Kb
Isolated from previous CPU
5,000 ft. (1,524 m) max between any three panels
90 , max.
0.3 F, max.
Digitized audio
communications circuit
Data rate
Isolation
Circuit length
Circuit resistance
Circuit capacitance
Wire type
Class B (Style 4)
327 kb
Isolated from previous CPU
5,000 ft. (1,524 m) Max between any three panels
90 , max.
0.07 F, max.
Twisted pair, 18 AWG (0.75 sq. mm), min.
Termination
Removable plug-in terminal strips on CPU
3-RS232 communications card

The 3-RS232 communications card adds two RS-232 serial ports to the CPU
module. There are no RS-232 ports or common relay contacts available on the
3-ANNCPUx. Both RS-232 ports are optically isolated from ground. For the EST3
SCS these ports are used for connecting a network printer to provide a printed
record of sequencing and actions of the smoke control system. Where a separate
EST3 Fire Alarm Network panel with printer is installed, the 3-RS232 is typically
not included at the FSCS.
Install the 3-RS232 ancillary communications card in CPU connector J3. The
card should be firmly seated in its connector, then secured to the CPU controller
board by pressing the snap rivet on the front side of the controller.
72
Table 15: 3-RS232 ancillary communication card specifications

Installation
Plugs into connector J3 of CPU module
Class B
Port isolation
Port 1
Port 2
Optically isolated
Optically isolated
Baud rate
300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400
Max. circuit length
50 ft. (15.2 m)
Minimum wire size
18 AWG (0.75 sq. mm)
Termination
Removable plug-in terminal strips on CPU
Power supplies
3-PPS/M and 3-PPS/M-230 primary power supply
The 3-PPS/M(-230) primary power supply provides the required power and
related supervision functions for the EST3 SCS panel. The supply is comprised
of two major components: the power supply monitor module, model 3-PSMON,
which mounts on the rail chassis, and the heat sink assembly, model 3-PPS,
which mounts on the rear of the rail chassis.
The 3-PPS/M supply provides filtered, regulated power to power all modules
connected to the 3-CHAS7 rail. The primary power supply is rated at 24 VDC at
7.0 A total for all outputs.
Two independent, power-limited, supervised 24 VDC, 3.5 A auxiliary power
outputs are provided on the primary supply. A 24 VDC auxiliary output on the
plug-in terminals of the power supply provides power for the FSCS series
annunciator.
AC power and battery connections are made to fixed terminals on the heat sink
assembly, remote from the panels power-limited wiring.
The primary power supply supervises the standby batteries and provides a dualrate constant current battery charger featuring automatic temperature
compensation. The charger is capable of charging batteries up to 60 Ah. A
remote battery temperature sensor is available when a remote battery cabinet is
used.
Knowing the battery temperature enables the charging circuitry to maximize
charging efficiently, without damaging the battery due to overheating. A battery
monitor circuit disconnects the batteries from the system when battery voltage
73
drops below acceptable limits, preventing possible memory problems and a total
discharge of the batteries.
The power supply checks the AC input source and initiates the automatic transfer
to batteries in event of a brownout or loss of AC power. In the event of a failure of
one or more booster power supplies, the primary power supply determines its
ability, along with the surviving booster supplies, to supply the load. Should the
load ever exceed the ability of the primary and surviving booster supplies to meet
the demand, the standby batteries are automatically switched in. The supply will
also transfer to battery should an overload cause its heat sink temperature reach
a high level.
Battery failure is annunciated if the battery fails to maintain an acceptable voltage
level. Load testing continues periodically, until the battery capacity is sufficient to
meet the load test criteria.
The 3-PSMON Primary Power Supply Monitor local rail module provides the
interface between the power supply and the EST3 SCS panel, making the
required data and power connections to and from the rail chassis. The monitor
module occupies slot #3 (only), next to the CPU on the rail and is secured to the
assembly using snap rivet fasteners. The module also features a hinged front
panel for mounting a display or a blank protective faceplate.
The model 3-PPS/M Power Supply requires 120 VAC, 50/60 Hz. input voltage.
The model 3-PPS/M-230 Power Supply requires 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz input
voltage.
Table 16: 3-PPS/M (-230) primary power supply specifications
Installation
LRM slot #3 only, adjacent to the CPU; heat sink assembly

mounts behind rails
Power input
3-PPS/M
3-PPS/M-230
120 VAC, 3.0 A, 50-60 Hz

230 VAC, 1.5 A, 50-60 Hz
Brownout level
3-PPS/M
3-PPS/M-230
102 VAC
195 VAC
Battery charging
Capacity
Type
10 to 30 or 30 to 60 Ah
Temperature compensated dual rate
Outputs
Total
Internal DC
Auxiliary DC
74
7.0 A total, internal and auxiliary outputs

24 VDC at 7.0 A
Two 24 VDC at 3.5 A, ground fault and short supervised, powerlimited outputs
Supervision
Low AC
Low battery ( 22.5 VDC)
High battery
Discharged battery ( 20 VDC)
Ground fault ( 10 K)
Termination
AC input
Batteries
Internal DC output
Auxiliary DC output
Terminals on heat sink assembly

Terminals on heat sink assembly
LRM chassis rails via monitor module
Removable plug-in terminal strips on monitor module
3-BPS/M and 3-BPS/M-230 booster power supply

The 3-BPS/M(-230) booster power supply module is used to provide additional
power over and above the primary power supply. Up to three additional 24 VDC,
7.0 amp power boosters may be added in each EST3 SCS enclosure, making a
total of 28 amps available for both internal and external applications.
The power supply booster is comprised of two major components: the
3-BPSMON booster monitor module which mounts on the rail chassis, and the
heat sink assembly, which mounts on the rear of the rail chassis.
Each booster supply provides filtered, regulated power to power all modules
connected to the rail chassis as well as 24 VDC for auxiliary applications. Each
booster supply is rated at 24 VDC at 7.0 A for all outputs.
The power supply provides two independent, power-limited, supervised 24 VDC,
3.5 A auxiliary power outputs. The FSCS series annunciator receives its power
from the auxiliary output.
The booster power supplies share a common standby battery with the primary
power supply. Each booster supervises its own connection to the battery,
however all battery charging and monitoring is done by the primary power supply.
The power supply boosters share the panels 24 VDC electrical load with the
primary power supply. In the event of a failure of a booster power supply, a
trouble is annunciated and the panel load is distributed among the operational
power sources. Should the load ever exceed the ability of the operable power
sources to supply the power, as in the event of an alarm, the system will
automatically transfer to standby batteries.
The booster power supply monitor module provides the interface between a
booster power supply and the panel, by making the required data and power
connections to and from the rail chassis. The booster monitor module mounts
only in slots 3 or 5 on the rail chassis, and is secured to the assembly using snap
75
rivet fasteners. The module features a hinged front panel for mounting a display
or a blank protective faceplate.
A 24 VDC auxiliary output is available on plug-in terminals on the booster power
supply module. AC power and battery connections are made to fixed terminals
on the heat sink assembly, remote from the panels power-limited wiring.
To take advantage of the power supplys load sharing capability, the booster
supplies must be located throughout the rail system in the vicinity of the biggest
loads. The largest loads within a cabinet are the 3-ZAxx amplifier modules
(1.5 A) and 3-IDC8/4 modules configured as internal 24 VDC NACs (7.0 A, max.)
The load should be distributed so that the rails on any chassis are not required to
supply more than 21 amps. The following guidelines should be used to locate
power supplies:
Install one power/booster supply on the left side of each chassis, where
permitted.
When a second supply is required on a chassis, install it on the chassis

having the greatest load, i.e. 3-ZAxx amplifier modules or 3-IDC8/4 modules
in the internal 24VDC NAC configuration.
The model 3-BPS/M Booster Power Supply requires 120 VAC, 50/60 Hz input
voltage. The model 3-BPS/M-230 Power Supply Booster requires 230 VAC,
50/60 Hz input voltage.
EST3 Single Signature Driver Controller local rail module
The Single Signature Driver Controller module provides one Class A or B
Signature Data Circuit (SDC) for Signature series detectors and modules.
Each Signature circuit supports up to 125 Signature series detectors and 125
Signature series modules wired in a class A or B configuration.
Note: A maximum of ten 3-SSDCs can be installed in a single cabinet. A
maximum of fifteen UM modules per circuit can be configured to support 2-wire
smoke detectors (personality codes 13,14, 20, and 21).
76
Figure 27: Typical EST3 local rail module
1ST FL
SMOKE
ZONE
1ST FL
FAN
1ST FL
DAMPER
WEST
STAIR
NORTH
STAIR
2ND FL
SMOKE
ZONE
option card
2ND FL
FAN
2ND FL
DAMPER
3RD FL
SMOKE
ZONE
3RD FL
FAN
[SMOKE27.CDR]
3RD FL
EAST
DAMPER
3RD FL
WEST
DAMPER
Front view with

optional display
installed
Side profile with

option card installed
The 3-SSDC requires one connection on the rail chassis, and is secured to the
rail assembly using snap rivet fasteners. All field wiring connections to the
3-SSDC are made via plug-in connectors, permitting termination of field wiring
without the module installed in the enclosure. The plug-in connectors and snap
rivet mounting also facilitate rapid removal and replacement for troubleshooting
without the use of tools. The module features a hinged front panel for mounting a
display or a blank protective faceplate.
77
Figure 28: Typical Single Signature Device Controller wiring

Typical Class B configuration
UM
IS
PS
PHS
CT1
SDC #1 Smoke power.

To previous 3-SSDC or chassis ground
To next 3-SSDC or chassis ground
CT1
Circuit #1
+
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
To TB1 on the 3-SSDC through the filter board

Typical Class A configuration
IS
CT1
CT2
CR
UM
SDC #1 Smoke power.

PS
PHS
IPHS
HFS
To previous 3-SSDC or chassis ground

To next 3-SSDC or chassis ground
HRS
+
+
Circuit #1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
To TB1 on the 3-SSDC through the filter board
P/N 130396
Filter board
Signature Series detector and module legend

Detector
Module
Universal module
78
Detectors
HFS: Fixed-temperature heat detector
HRS: Rate-of-rise heat detector
IPHS: 4D Smoke detector
IS: Ionization smoke detector
PHS: 3D Smoke detector
PS: Photoelectric smoke detector
SMOKE23.CDR
3-SSDC
Single
Signature
Data
Controller
Modules
CR: Control relay module
CT1: Single input module
CT2 Dual input module
UM: Universal Class A/B module
Table 17: Single Signature Driver Controller module specifications

Installation
1 LRM space
Module configuration
1 Signature Data Circuit
Class B (Style 4) or Class A (Style 6)
Circuit capacity
125 Signature Series detectors and 125 Signature Series

modules per circuit. Maximum of 124 T-taps.
A maximum of 15 UM modules per circuit can be configured to
support 2-wire smoke detectors (personality codes 13,14, 20,
and 21).
Smoke power
24 VDC at 100 mA
Circuit resistance
79 , max. (capacitance dependent)
Circuit capacitance
0.5 F, max.
Max. circuit resistance between 6

isolators
Maximum wire size
14 AWG (1.5 sq. mm)
Termination
Removable plug-in terminal strips
Ground fault
10 k
3-IDC8/4 traditional zone I/O local rail module

The traditional zone module provides eight Class B (Style B) direct connect
Initiating Device Circuits (IDCs) for compatible 2-wire smoke detectors and dry
contact initiating devices. Four of the eight IDCs may be converted to Class B
(Style Y) Notification Appliance Circuits (NAC).
Each IDC may be set for latching/nonlatching operation and verified/non-verified
operation, and each IDC can support up to 30 model 6270B photoelectric smoke
detectors or 50 model 6250B ionization detectors.
Note: When the rail chassis is used as the 24 VDC source, the module is limited
to a 7 amp total current draw. Input terminals are provided to supply the external
source, which must be power-limited.
The traditional zone module requires one connection on the rail chassis, and is
secured to the assembly using snap rivet fasteners. All field wiring connections to
the traditional zone module are made via plug-in connectors, permitting
termination of field wiring without the module installed in the enclosure. The plugin connectors and snap rivet mounting also facilitate rapid removal and
replacement for trouble shooting without the use of tools. The module features a
hinged front panel for mounting a display or a blank protective faceplate.
79
Figure 29: Typical IDC wiring
1 4
Listed
4.7 k
EOL
2 3
IDC #4
NAC IN
1/2
IDC #3
IDC/ #2
IDC #1
B401B base
6251B-001A base
INITIATING DEVICE CIRCUIT (IDC)
TB1
Connect to IDC 3, 4, 7, or 8
IDC 1, 2, 5, or 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RX
TX
JP1 JP2
1
1
2
2
3
3
To TB1 on Module
1
1
2
2
3
3
JP3 JP4
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
NAC IN
5/6
IDC #8
IDC #7
IDC #6
[SMOKE29.CDR]
IDC #5
TB2
Table 18: 3-IDC8/4 traditional zone I/O module specifications

Installation
1 LRM space
Module configuration
8 initiating device circuits
Initiating device circuit (IDC)

Wiring configuration
Detector voltage
Short circuit current
Circuit resistance
Capacitance
EOL resistor
Detector load
Class B (Style B)
16.23 to 25.4 VDC, max. Ripple 400 mV
75.9 mA, max.
50 , max.
100 F, max.
4.7 k
50 detectors, maximum
Maximum wire size
12 AWG (2.5 sq. mm)
Termination
Removable plug-in terminal strips on module
Operating Environment
80
Components
Detectors
Signature Series detectors
The selection and installation of smoke detection is based upon the geometry of
the protected space and the type of expected fire. Signature Series smoke
detector application and spacing is detailed in the Signature Series Intelligent
Smoke and Heat Detectors Applications Bulletin (270145). Installation
instructions and specifications for Signature series (SIGA) detectors is contained
in the Signature Series Component Installation Manual (270497).
Beam detection
High ceilings and large open spaces in buildings are suitable for beam smoke
detector units where spacing up to 330 ft. (100.5m) between units is desired or
needed. The Model 6424 Beam Smoke Detector can be used for these special
applications. Consult the Catalog Number 6424 data sheet for specification and
installation information.
Manual fire alarm pull stations
Manual fire alarm pull stations are normally used for occupant notification in
buildings and are not to enable a smoke control system. Manual operation of a
dedicated smoke control system, such as a stairwell pressurization system, may
be specified by the building system designer or placed in controlled locations
accessible to authorized personnel only. For such applications, the Signature
series single or 2-Stage Fire Alarm Stations contained in the Signature Series
Component Installation Manual are appropriate.
Modules
Signature Series modules use personality codes to configure a modules
operation and provide application flexibility. Single channel Signature modules
are programmed with one personality code. Dual channel Signature modules are
programmed with two personality codes. Personality codes are listed on the
installation sheet for each Signature module. Use of Signature modules will
require the use of the 3-SSDC, which downloads the personality codes which
determines how the module will operate.
81
SIGA-CT1
The CT1 is an analog addressable device used to connect a Class B normallyopen alarm, supervisory, or monitor type dry contact initiating device circuit (IDC)
to a Signature Loop Controller. One device address is required.
Personality code 1, NO alarm latching (Class B): The CT1 is factory assigned
personality code 1. Personality code 1 configures the CT1 for Class B normallyopen dry contact initiating devices. When the NO input contact of an initiating
device is closed, an alarm signal is sent to the loop controller and the alarm
condition is latched at the module.
Personality code 2, NO alarm delayed latching (Class B): Personality code 2
operates the same as personality code 1 except that contact closure must be
maintained for approximately 16 seconds before an Alarm status is generated.
Personality code 2 is only for use with non-retarded waterflow alarm switches.
Personality code 3, NO active-nonlatching (Class B): A contact closure
causes an active instead of an alarm status and does NOT latch at the module.
Personality code 3 is typically used for monitoring fans, dampers, or doors.
Personality code 4, NO active latching (Class B): A contact closure causes an
active instead of an alarm status, which is latched at the module. Personality
codes 4 is typically used for monitoring supervisory and tamper switches.
SIGA-CT2
The Dual Input Module, Model CT2, is a component of the Signature Series
System. The CT2 is an analog addressable device used to connect up to two
Class B normally-open Alarm, Supervisory, or Monitor type dry contact IDCs to a
Signature Loop Controller. Two device addresses are required.
Personality code 1, NO alarm latching (Class B): The CT2 is factory assigned
personality code 1 to input channels 1 and 2. Personality code 1 configures the
CT2 for Class B normally-open dry contact initiating devices. When the NO input
contact of an initiating device is closed, an alarm signal is sent to the loop
controller and the alarm condition is latched at the module.
causes an active instead of an alarm status and does not latch at the module.
Personality code 3 is typically used for monitoring fans, dampers, and doors.
82

codes 4 is typically used for monitoring supervisory and tamper switches.
SIGA-CR
The Control Relay Module, Model CR, is a component of the Signature Series
System. The CR is an addressable device used to provide one Form C dry relay
contact to control external appliances such as door closers, fans, dampers, or
equipment shutdown. The system firmware ensures that the relay is in the proper
ON/OFF state. Upon command from the loop controller, the CR relay energizes.
Terminals 6 and 7 provide a normally-closed relay connection; terminals 7 and 8
provide a normally-open relay connection. One device address is required. The
loop controller assigns an address to the CR automatically or a custom address
can be assigned to the module via laptop computer; no addressing switches are
used.
Personality code 8, Dry contact output: The CR is factory assigned
personality code 8 which configures the CR as an output dry relay contact.
SIGA-MM1
The Monitor Module, Model MM1, is a component of the Signature Series
System. The MM1 is an analog addressable device used to connect a Class B
normally-open monitor type dry contact Initiating Device Circuit (IDC) to a
Signature Loop Controller. One device address is required.
Personality code 3, NO active-nonlatching (Class B): The MM1 is factory
assigned personality code 3. This configures the MM1 for monitoring of fans,
dampers, doors, etc. A contact closure generates an active status. The active
status does NOT latch at the module (it follows the status of the input switch).
SIGA-WTM
The Waterflow/Tamper Module, Model WTM, is a component of the Signature
Series System. The WTM is an analog addressable device used to connect
Class B normally-open Waterflow Alarm and Supervisory IDCs to a Signature
Loop Controller. Two device addresses are required.
is factory assigned to input channel 1 of the WTM. This configures channel 1 for
use with non-retarded waterflow alarm switches. When the NO input contact of
an initiating device is closed and maintained closed for approximately 16
seconds, an alarm status is generated and latched at the module.
Personality code 4, NO active latching (Class B): Personality code 4 is factory
assigned to input channel 2 of the WTM. This configures channel 2 for use with
83
supervisory and tamper switches. Contact closure generates an active status

which is latched at the module.
SIGA-IM
The Isolator Module, Model IM is a component of the Signature Series System.
The IM is an analog addressable device used to protect a Class A data line from
total collapse due to wire to wire short circuits. The IM monitors line voltage and
opens the data line when a short is detected. A short will be isolated between two
IMs located electrically closest to the short. One detector address is required for
each IM.
SIGA-UM
The universal Class A/B module, model UM is a component of the Signature
Series System. The UM is an analog addressable device used to connect any
one of the following:
Dual input Class B IDC
Class A or B IDC
Class A or B for 2-wire smoke detectors IDCs on one circuit
Form C dry contact relay
The actual function performed by the UM is determined by the personality code

downloaded to the module from the Signature Loop Controller during system
configuration.
Personality code 1, NO alarm latching (Class B): Personality code 1
configures input 1 and/or 2 of the UM for Class B normally-open dry contact
initiating devices. When the NO input contact of an initiating device is closed, an
alarm signal is sent to the loop controller and the alarm condition is latched at the
module.
code 4 is typically used for monitoring supervisory and tamper switches.
84
Personality code 8, dry contact output: Personality code 8 configures the UM

as a Form C dry relay contact to control external appliances including door
closers, fans, dampers or equipment shutdown.
Personality code 9, NO alarm latching (Class A): Personality code 9
configures the UM for connection of Class A normally-open dry contact initiating
devices including pull-stations. When the NO input contact of an initiating device
is closed, an alarm signal is sent to the loop controller and the alarm condition is
latched at the module.
Personality code 10, NO alarm delayed latching (Class A): Personality code
10 operates the same as personality code 9 except that contact closure must be
maintained for approximately 16 seconds before an alarm status is generated.
Personality code 10 is typically used with waterflow alarm switches.
Personality code 11, NO active nonlatching (Class A): Personality code 11
operates the same as personality code 9 except that contact closure causes an
active instead of an alarm status and does not latch at the module. Personality
code 11 is typically used for monitoring fans dampers, and doors.
Personality code 12, NO active latching (Class A): Personality code 12
code 12 is typically used for monitoring supervisory and tamper switches.
Personality code 13, 2 Wire smoke-non-verified (Class B): Personality code
13 configures the UM for monitoring of 2-wire conventional smoke detectors and
normally-open contact initiating devices such as pull stations, on the same circuit.
Personality code 14, 2-Wire smoke-verified (Class B): Personality code 14
configures the UM for monitoring of 2 wire conventional smoke devices.
Normally-open contact initiating devices may not be mixed with 2-wire
conventional smoke detectors.
Personality code 15, Signal output (Class A): Personality code 15 configures
the UM for connection of a Class A output NAC.
Personality code 16, Signal output module (Class B): Personality code 16
configures the UM for connection of a Class B output NAC.
Personality code 20, 2-Wire smoke-Non-verified (Class A): Personality code
20 operates the same as personality code 13, except that wiring is Class A.
Personality code 21, 2-Wire smoke-verified (Class A): Personality code 21
operates the same as personality code 14, except that wiring is Class A.
85
SIGA-MP1 / SIGA-MP2 / SIGA-MP2L

The MP1, MP2, and MP2L are mounting plates which allow for the installation of
multiple Signature plug-in modules in series. The MP1 and MP2 mount in EST3
standard equipment enclosures.
Figure 30: Signature Series universal input/output motherboards
UIO2R
1 2 3 4
TB1
TB7
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4
TB2
P1
P2
TB15
4
3
2
1
TB8
TB9
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
UIO6
1 2 3 4
TB1
TB7
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
TB3
TB2
P1
P3
P2
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
TB5
TB4
1 2 3 4
TB6
P5
P4
TB14
P6
TB15
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4
[SMOKE210.CDR]
UIO6R
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
TB2
TB1
TB7
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
P1
1 2 3 4
TB3
P3
P2
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
TB5
TB4
1 2 3 4
TB6
P5
P4
P6
TB15
TB8
1 2 3 4
JP1A
TB9
JP1B
1 2 3 4
TB10
TB11
TB12
TB13
JP2A
JP3A
JP4A
JP5A
JP2B
JP3B
JP4B
JP5B
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4
SIGA-UIO2R / SIGA-UIO6(R)
The UIO2R, UIO6, and UIO6R universal input/output motherboards provide
mounting and wiring terminations for two to six M-series modules. The
motherboard conveniently mounts into equipment enclosures or racks. Modules
86
plug into the motherboard and captive screws fasten them down. All module field
wiring goes to terminal blocks on the motherboard to permit rapid removal and
replacement for troubleshooting.
SIGA-MCR
The MCR control relay module is an addressable Signature Series component. A
Form C dry contract relay in the MCR may control equipment shutdown or
external appliances like door closers, fans, and dampers.
Personality code 8, dry contact output: Personality code 8, which is factory
assigned, configures the MCR as an output dry contact relay to control external
appliances including door closers, fans, dampers or equipment shutdown.
SIGA-MCT2
The MCT2 Dual input module is an addressable Signature Series component
used to connect up to two Class B normally-open dry contact IDCs to a Signature
controller.
configures input 1 and/or 2 of the UM for Class B normally-open dry contact
initiating devices including pull stations.
code 4 is best used for monitoring supervisory and tamper switches.
SIGA-MAB
The MAB Class A/B input/output module, is an addressable Signature Series
Component which may be used as:
Class A or B dry contact IDC
Class A or B NAC
Data entry may define this module as a UM. Make certain the personality code
for channel 2 remains 00.
87

configures input 1 and/or 2 of the MAB for Class B normally-open dry contact
initiating devices.
Personality code 4, NO active latching (Class B): Personality code 4 is
typically used for monitoring supervisory and tamper switches.
Personality code 9, NO alarm latching (Class A): Personality code 9
configures the MAB for connection of Class A normally-open dry contact initiating
devices including pull-stations.
Personality code 10, NO alarm delayed latching (Class A): Personality code
10 operates the same as personality code 9 except that contact closure must be
maintained for approximately 16 seconds before an alarm status is generated.
Personality code 10 is typically used with waterflow alarm switches.
Personality code 11, NO active nonlatching (Class A): Personality code 11
active instead of an alarm status and does not latch at the module. Personality
code 11 is typically used for monitoring fans dampers, and doors.
Personality code 12, NO active latching (Class A): Personality code 12
code 12 is best used for monitoring supervisory and tamper switches.
Personality code 15, Signal Output (Class A): Personality code 15 configures
the MAB for connection of a Class A output NAC.
Personality code 16, Signal output module (Class B): Personality code 16
configures the MAB for connection of a Class B output NAC.
ARM-8
The ARM-8 Auxiliary Relay Module provides a mounting rail and protective cover
for up to eight ARA-1 high current relays. It comes equipped with one ARA-1.
Typical applications include: motor control, amplifier switchover, and electric door
release.
The ARA-1 is a Form C (DPDT), general purpose, plug-in relay. The ARA-1
mounting base provides screw terminals to connect field wiring easily. A diode is
88
included across the relay energizing coil input terminals to protect it against
transients and EMF.
When the ARA-1 is energized, the normally-closed contacts will open (break)
before the normally-open contacts will close (make).
POTTER & BRUMFIELD

K10P-11D15-24
24VDC
POTTER & BRUMFIELD

K10P-11D15-24
24VDC
POTTER & BRUMFIELD

K10P-11D15-24
24VDC
POTTER & BRUMFIELD

K10P-11D15-24
24VDC
POTTER & BRUMFIELD

K10P-11D15-24
24VDC
POTTER & BRUMFIELD

K10P-11D15-24
24VDC
AUXILIARY RELAY MODULE
POTTER & BRUMFIELD

K10P-11D15-24
24VDC
POTTER & BRUMFIELD

K10P-11D15-24
24VDC
ARA-1SMK.CDR
Figure 31: ARM-8 module
MODEL ARM8
FSCS series smoke control graphics

annunciators
Description
The FSCS series annunciator provides detailed information on the location of
dampers, barriers, and fans. The FSCS series annunciator may display a single
smoke zone, a floor, or an entire building. Panel control functions, tailored to
firefighter smoke control needs, include the actual status of smoke control
equipment and components, which are capable of activation. LED confirmation of
individual fans sensed by pressure difference and indications of damper position
can be designed into the FSCS series annunciator, the companion LCD display,
and the LED switches. The FSCS series annunciator receives its power from the
EST3 Network. The Graphic Annunciator Modules Installation/Programming
Manual (P/N 270864) contains typical installation drawings for the panel and its
components.
Cabinets
The FSCS series annunciator is custom made for each EST3 panel in the
firefighter smoke control system, and will be placed in a variety of cabinets
according to the size of the building, smoke zones, or components controlled.
The FSCS series annunciator will typically be placed in the CBA box or one of
the EV1, EV2, or EV3 boxes. The EV series boxes are 24 inches wide and range
from 18 to 36 inches (0.457 to 0.914 m) in height.
89
EST3 FSCS components can also be mounted in any of the 3-CAB Series
cabinets detailed in the EST3 Installation and Service Manual (P/N 270380).
Graphic annunciator modules

3-ANNCPUx
The 3-ANNCPUx Annunciator Controller module is the control element for all
other modules and operator interface units installed in the annunciator. The
3-ANNCPUx processes all information from the displays as well as processing
the data received from the remainder of the network over the network data
circuit. The Annunciator Controller module includes:
Class A/B RS-485 communication interface
Auto address bus master
Time of day clock/watchdog and System Reset interfaces.
The Annunciator Controller automatically identifies and supervises all displays

installed in the cabinet. An integral watchdog will identify both microprocessor
and software faults. The 3-ANNCPUx communicates with other network
components over the RS-485 network data circuit. Either a Class A or B wiring
configuration may be used for the network data circuit. Field wiring connections
to the 3-ANNCPUx module are made via plug-in connector. All external
connections are power-limited and transient protected.
The processor functions as the local bus master and supervises all bus traffic via
communication cables.
Table 19: 3-ANNCPUx annunciator controller module specifications
Memory capacity
Message queue
Event history
500 events per queue

1,000 to 1,700 events, dependent upon event type
Space required
3 spaces in graphic annunciator enclosure or 2 spaces in the

3-EVRMF
Display (optional)
LCD mounts on front when the 3-ANNCPUx is mounted in the

3-EVRMF
Network communications port

configuration
Format
Circuit length
Circuit resistance
Circuit capacitance
Wire type
90
Class B or Class A
RS-485
5,000 ft. (1,524m) max. between any three panels
90
m a x.
0.3
F. m a x.
Power requirements
Voltage
Standby current
Alarm current
20 to 28 VDC
171 mA at 24 VDC
195 mA at 24 VDC
Wiring
Termination
Size
All wiring connects to removable plug-in terminal strip

14 AWG (1.5 sq. mm) max.
Graphic annunciator enclosure mounting

The 3-ANNCPUx Annunciator Controller module mounts on the 3-EVPWR
chassis and requires three spaces in the graphic annunciator enclosure.
Graphic annunciator inner door (3-EVRMF) mounting
The 3-ANNCPUx Annunciator Controller module requires two spaces in the
3-EVRMF annunciator enclosure. The 3-ANNCPUx is mounted on the inner door
with two module retainers. All field wiring connections to the 3-ANNCPUx module
are made using plug-in connectors. All external connections are power-limited
and transient protected. The 3-ANNCPUx modules hinged front panel
accommodated the LCD display or a protective cover plate.
Table 20: 3-EVRMF rack mount frame
Installation
Mounts on the front of the graphic annunciator inner door
Dimensions
Requires 7 EIA spaces on the graphic annunciator inner door

19 in.(48.25 cm) wide X 12.25 in.(31 cm) high X 3.25 in.
(8.25 cm) deep
Finish
Textured black
Display (optional)
Six module spaces can house up to :

3-ANNCPUx c/w LCD and four 3-ANNSM c/w LED/switch
display modules
or
Six 3-ANNSM c/w LED/switch display modules
LCD display
The LCD display, switches and LED indicators have the same functionality as the
CPU/LCD.
LED/Switch displays
The Control/LED Displays provide additional operator interface capability for the
FSCS with individual, assignable, LEDs and touch-pad switches. These LEDs
can be assigned the function of confirming fan operation at design cfm and
91
damper position where status is required. Control/LED displays mount on the

3-ANNSM Support Module hinged front panel. All control/LED displays are
compatible with the lamp test function.
The LED Displays are the same components used in the SCS.
3-ANNSM annunciator support module
The 3 ANNSM annunciator support module provides the electronics required to
operate the LED/switch displays. Connect the display ribbon cable (P/N 250186)
from connector J1 on the display to connector J1 on the module.
Mount the Control/LED Display the recess on the front of the module door.
Secure the display to the module with the four supplied plastic rivets. Snap the
door into the modules hinged standoffs.
Install the module on the rail, and close the module display door. Latch the door
by sliding the upper latch up and the lower latch down.
Table 21: 3-ANNSM annunciator support module
Installation
1 LRM space
Current requirements
Standby
10 mA at 24 VDC
Alarm
10 mA at 24 VDC
3-ANNBF blank filler plate

3-ANNBF filler plates fill spaces in the annunciator enclosure not used by
LED/switch displays.
3-EVPWR
The 3-EVPWR graphic annunciator power module provides a common for
graphic LEDs and switches wired to the graphic LED driver modules connected
to this node. The 3-EVPWR module is connected to the 3-ANNCPUx command
module by ribbon cables.
Included on the Power module are:
24 VDC power input terminals
Power on LED
LED and switch commons for all graphic LEDs and switches
The 3-EVPWR graphic annunciator power module mounts on a 19-inch EIA

space chassis with the 3-ANNCPUx.
92
The 3- EVPWR graphic annunciator power module chassis mounts on two rails
which are secured to the back of the box. All external connections are powerlimited and transient protected.
Table 22 : 3-EVPWR graphic annunciator power module specifications
Capacity
LED driver modules
LEDs
Switches
LCD display
18 3-EVDVR Graphic LED Driver Modules

432 LEDs
216 switches
1 LCD mounted on 3-ANNCPUx
Space required
3 spaces in annunciator enclosure (c/w mounting for 3ANNCPUx)
Power LED
1 green LED on module
Power requirements
Voltage
Standby current
Alarm current
20 to 28 VDC
12 mA at 24 VDC
12 mA at 24 VDC
Wiring
Termination
Size
LED/Sw commons
All external wiring connects to terminals

14 AWG (1.5 sq. mm ) max.
3 pin cable supplied (c/w Power On LED wire)
3-EVDVR
The 3-EVDVR graphic LED/switch driver module provides the electronics
required to drive the graphic LEDs and switches. The 3-EVDVR modules are
connected to the 3-EVPWR graphic annunciator power module by ribbon cables
The Driver module includes:
Three 8 pin connectors for 24 graphic LEDs
One 12 pin connector for 12 graphic switches
Local node RS-485 Communication Transmit/Receive LEDs
Three 3-EVDVR graphic LED/switch driver modules mount on one 3-EVDVRX

plastic mounting extrusion.
The 3-EVDVRX plastic mounting extrusion requires two 19-inch EIA spaces and
mounts on two rails which are secured to the back of the box.
93
Table 23: 3-EVDVR graphic LED/switch driver module specifications

Capacity
LEDs
Switches
Twenty-four high intensity graphic LEDs

Twelve graphic switches
Space required
Three 3-EVDVR modules will mount in one 3-EVDVRX plastic

extrusion which requires two spaces in the annunciator
enclosure
LED power requirements

Voltage
Current
High intensity graphic LEDs recommended

5.3 VDC +/- 10%
4.5 mA +/- 10%
Power requirements
Voltage
Standby current
Alarm current
Alarm current
LED ON current
20 to 28 VDC
5 mA at 24 VDC (c/w 24 LEDs)
40 mA at 24 VDC (c/w 24 LEDs ON for lamp test)
5 mA at 24 VDC (c/w 0 LEDs ON)
1.45 mA at 24 VDC / LED ON
Wiring
LEDs
Switches
3 - 8-pin cables supplied

1 - 12-pin cable supplied
EVSC3
This 3-position toggle switch is a component in the custom designed FSCS
series annunciator for manual control of smoke control operations.
EVZSLED
This LED indicates the status of smoke control system and is a component of the
custom FSCS series annunciator.
94
FSCS current requirements

Graphic annunciator current requirements worksheet
Project ______________________________________________ Annunciator number _____
Description
Qty
3-ANNCPUx
3-EVPWR
Standby
(mA)
Total
standby
(mA)
Alarm
(mA)
Total alarm
(mA)
x 171
171
195
195
x 12
12
12
12
3-EVDVR
x 5
Number of graphic LEDs
x 0
1.45/LED
LCD
x 53
53
3-ANNSM
x 10
10
3-6/3Sxxx (18 LEDs)
x 2+0.5/LED
On
2+0.5/LED
On
3-12Sxxx (12 or 24
LEDs)
x 2+0.5/LED
On
2+0.5/LED
On
3-24xxx (24 LEDs)
x 2+0.5/LED
On
2+0.5/LED
On
Battery requirement
TOTAL
(IMax)
Wiring load requirements
(A) x 1.50
(A)
(B)
(B) x 1.50
Table 24: Load vs. annunciator power source circuit (3.4 V drop)
Maximum distance to last annunciator
Corrected load current
14 AWG (1.5 sq. mm)
16 AWG (1.0 sq. mm)
18 AWG (0.75 sq. mm)
0.1A
6,538 ft. (1,993 m)
4,250 ft. (1,296m)
2,615ft (797 m)
0.25A
2,615 ft. (797 m)
1,700 ft. (518 m)
1,046 ft. (319 m)
0.5A
1,308 ft. (399 m)
850 ft. (259 m)
523 ft. (159 m)
0.75A
865 ft. (264 m)
563 ft. (172 m)
346 ft. (105 m)
1.0A
654 ft. (199 m)
425 ft. (130 m)
262 ft. (80 m)
2.0A
327 ft. (100 m)
213 ft. (65 m)
131 ft. (40 m)
3.0A
217 ft. (66 m)
141 ft. (43 m)
87 ft. (27 m)
3.5A
187 ft. (57 m)
121 ft. (37 m)
75 ft. (23 m)
95
Wiring diagrams
Relay control with LED/switch displays
There are numerous smoke control applications which require the use of
automatic relays to control related systems within a smoke zone. These controls
must be provided with manual override switches and status LEDs at the FSCS.
The custom FSCS series annunciator with three-position EVSC3 series toggle
switches can serve this function.
Fan Control and Monitor
This application requires two interlocked relays to start and stop a fan. An
independent air flow switch is provided to monitor the fan status.
Figure 32: Fan Control and Monitor
Motor controller
Operation
On Relay: Operates when commanded to operate by
"on" switch.
L1
Off Relay: Programmed to turn on when any alarm

device activates and when commanded to operate by
"off" switch.
L2
M1
L3
Auto switch: returns fan to automatic operation and

lights "Auto" LED.
Fan
motor
Pri
Sec
Off
On
Auto
Airflow switch: operates on and off LEDS, indicating

fan status.
[SMOKE212.CDR]
Smoke-control fan
turn on contact
OL
Smoke-control fan
shut down contact
HVAC system fan
control contact
Off
On
Monitor_1
CT1 or MCT2*
CR, MCR, or UM
CR, MCR, or UM
*See Detail for MCT2.
On_Relay_1
Airflow switch
On_LED_1a
Detail
ON_Switch_1
Auto_LED_1b
ON
Off_LED_1c
AUTO
OFF
96
Off_Relay_1
UIO2R or UIO6R
Auto_Switch_1
Off_Switch_1
MCT2
Personality
code 4
1
2
3
4
47 k
EOL
To
MCR
Damper Control and Monitor

For smoke control, this application requires two interlocked relays to open and
close a damper. The position of the damper must be indicated on the control
panel during active alarm conditions. Confirmation of the damper in the zonerequired position is indicated on the graphic annunciator panel and LED.
Figure 33: Damper control with status indicators
Smoke-control damper
open and close
relay contacts
Operation
1
Open Relay: Programmed to operate when any device on another

floor activates and when commanded to operate by "open" switch.
Close Relay: Programmed to operate when any automatic device

on fire floor activates and when commanded to operate by "close"
switch.
Limit switches operate open and closed LEDs, indicating damper

position.
"Auto" switch returns damper to automatic operation (steps 1 and 2)

and lights "Auto" LED.
Open
Damper
motor
Close
N
Neutral
Damper open and
close limit switches
[SMOKE213.CDR]
Open limit switch

SupDamp_Open_Monitor_1a
CT2 or MCT2
Open
Close
CR, MCR,
or UM
CR, MCR,
or UM
SupDamp_Close_Monitor_1c
Closed limit switch
SupDamp_Open_Relay_1
SupDamp_Open_LED_1a
SupDamp_Open_Switch_1
SupDamp_Auto_LED_1b
OPEN
SupDamp_Close_LED_1c
AUTO
CLOSE
SupDamp_Close_Relay_1
SupDamp_Auto_Switch_1
SupDamp_Close_Switch_1
97
ARA-1 Wiring
Figure 34: ARA-1 Wiring Diagram
Note: Relay contact terminal normally-open (N.O.)
and normally-closed (N.C.) designations are assigned
when the relay is non-energized.
(K1A-N.O.) 8
5 (K1B-N.O.)
(K1A-N.C.) 4
1 (K1B-N.C.)
ARA-1
1
To normally closed,
held open application
To normally open,
held closed application
(+24Vdc) 14
(K1A-COM) 12
24VDC Relay
12
13 (-24Vdc)
14
9 (K1B-COM)
13
Relay Base Pin Designations

Note: +24Vdc control voltage is connected
to cathode (banded end) of diode.
From +24Vdc
control source
To normally closed,
held open application
To normally open,
held closed application
Note: Application wiring

assumes normal operation
of relay is in the
non-energized state.
From -24Vdc
control source
RELAY STATE TABLE
K1A
Transient
Protection
Diode
+24 Vdc
-24 Vdc
Control Voltage Wiring
K1B
Relay Contact
Non-energized
Energized
Pin 12 to Pin 8
Open
Closed
Pin 12 to Pin 4
Closed
Open
Pin 9 to Pin 5
Open
Closed
Pin 9 to Pin 1
Closed
Open
[SMOKE214.CDR]
98
Figure 35: 120 VAC HVAC Fan shutdown circuit
8 7 6 5
8 7 6 5
CT2
CT2
4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1
+ -+ -
+ -+ -
Exhaust Fan
EF-1
Data out
to next
device
Supply Fan
SF-1
[SMOKE216.CDR]
ARA-1
8
4
5
1
14
12
13
9
ARA-1
ARA-1
8
4
5
1
8
4
5
1
8
4
5
1
14
12
13
9
14
12
13
9
14
12
13
9
On
Off
On
8 7 6
+24 Vdc
- 24 Vdc
To Signature
loop controller
8 7 6
CR
4 3 2 1
+ -+ -
8 7 6
CR
4 3 2 1
On
14
12
13
9
120 Vac
8 7 6
CR
47 k EOL
ARA-1
8
5
4
1
Off
120 Vac
+ -+ -
ARA-1
CR
4 3 2 1
Off
+ -+ -
8 7 6
CT1
4 3 2 1
On
+ -+ -
4 3 2 1
Off
+ -+ -
Data out
to next
device
ARA-1
The NFPA 72 Code requires that the wire distance between

Control Devices and Air Handling Units NOT exceed 36"
(91.44 cm).
3-PPS/M or 3-BPS/M power supply.
A diode (P/N IN4001) must be installed across terminals 13

and 14 of each ARA-1 to prevent back EMF.
Relay contact terminal normally-open (N.O) and normallyclosed (N.C.) Designations are assigned when the relay is
non-energized.
8
4
5
1
14
12
13
9
99
Figure 36: 120 VAC HVAC Fan shutdown circuit with M-series modules
1
The NFPA 72 Code requires that the

wire distance between control
Wiringdevices
Notes
and air handling units not exceed 36
inches (91.44 cm).
[SMOKE217.CDR]
UIO2R
3-PPS/M or 3-BPS/M power supply.
A diode (P/N IN4001) must be installed

across terminals 13 and 14 of each
ARA-1 to prevent back EMF.
Relay contact terminal normally-open

(N.O) and normally-closed (N.C.)
Designations are assigned when the
relay is non-energized.
+
+
-
MCT2
MCT2
ARA-1
8
4
5
1
Data out
to next device
14
12
13
9
Exhaust Fan
EF-1
ARA-1
8
Supply Fan
SF-1
ARA-1
ARA-1
ARA-1
5
14
13
14
13
12
12
14
13
14
13
12
12
OFF
OFF
OFF
120 Vac
OFF
120 Vac
2 - 24 Vdc
2 + 24 Vdc
ARA-1
47 k
EOL
+
+
-
MCR
MCR
MCR
MCR
MCT2
14
13
12
UIO6R
Data out to Signature loop controller or next device
100
Program personality code 4 into the

MCT2.
Figure 37: Fan shutdown circuit
ARA-1
FAN/AHU
47 k EOL
CR
4
8
+24 Vdc
On
Run
7
6
47 k EOL
5 4
CT2
3
ARA-1
1
2
CR
+24 Vdc
Stop/Fault
120 VAC from fan
Off
Wiring Notes
1
To Signature
loop controller
[SMOKE215.CDR]
Code requires that the wire distance between control

devices and air handling units not exceed 36 inches
(91.44 cm).
101
Figure 38: Fan shutdown circuit with Signature M-series modules

_
+
_
1 2 3 4
TB7
MCR
TB1
ARA-1
+24 Vdc
3
On
UIO6R
TB2
MCR
FAN/AHU
ARA-1
+24 Vdc
1
120 Vac from fan
3
Off
TB3
1
MCT2
102
47 k EOL
2
3
4
Run
[SMOKE218.CDR]
Code requires that the wire distance between Control Devices

and Air Handling Units not exceed 36 inches (91.44 cm).
47 k EOL
Stop/Fault
Chapter 3
Smoke control system
programming
Summary
This chapter provides information and procedures required to write programming
rules for smoke control system functions.
Content
Programming smoke control 105
Fundamentals 105
Before you begin 106
Understanding objects, labels, and rules 106
Objects 106
Labels 107
Rules 107
Developing a labeling plan 108
Formatting labels 108
Smoke control considerations and sequencing 110
Smoke control functions 110
Using AND groups for smoke control 110
System Response time 112
Rules for smoke control programming 112
Rule example 116
Example 1 117
HVAC and system control examples 120
Dedicated smoke control stair tower rules example 121
Single zone smoke control systems with direct outside air and direct exhaust
air 121
Single zone smoke control system rules example 123
103
Chapter 3: Smoke control system programming
Single zone smoke control with common outside air and exhaust air 125
Central system smoke control 126
Dual duct smoke control 127
Dual duct smoke control rules example 128
Multi-zone smoke control 131
VAV smoke control 132
104
Programming smoke control

All EST3 SCS and FSCS smoke control application programming is done using
rules and object programming as found in this chapter and in the EST3
Programming Manual. The advantages are numerous:
Devices are referenced by their descriptive labels. There is no need to use

device addresses.
One rule can replace multiple individual device responses.
Labels and device types simplify creating a devices response.
Group input and output functions are quickly implemented.
Label processing tools are designed into the System Definition Utility.
The following line identifies a supply fan on the fourth floor of a building. The
device address is the set of numbers to the left while the information on the right
is a label for the device. The label reveals more information about the device
point and its function than the numeric device label.
0118124 S_FAN_ON<4>
For smoke control systems in a building, rules writing will center around smoke
zones defined by physical barriers composed of walls and doors. Rules will result
in control actions within a smoke zone where the fire is occurring and also in
zones adjacent to the fire.
Fundamentals
All smoke control system processes may be divided into three fundamental parts:
inputs, controls, and outputs. Examples of smoke control system inputs are
smoke detectors, pull stations, and sprinkler waterflow switches. Smoke control
outputs include: control relays for fans and dampers.
The relationship between the inputs and the outputs is determined by the control
function of the smoke control system. For a basic smoke control system, this
control function can be stated simply as: when smoke detector A activates,
switch fan A on. As a smoke control system becomes more complex, it will
require a more sophisticated set of rules to make up the control function for
multiple smoke zones.
The EST3 SCS system designer establishes a number of rules which define the
operation of the system. Designers assign descriptive names or labels to smoke
detectors, smoke zones, fan control relays, damper control relays, and monitor
points. This aids the programming process by easily identifying all the devices in
the system, and eliminating the need to juggle long strings of address numbers.
105
UL smoke control requirements state that only the first automatic response can
activate automatic smoke control functions. All subsequent changes in the
operation of the smoke control system must be performed manually at the SCS
or the FSCS. In order to prevent subsequent adjacent smoke zones automatic
responses from overriding the initial smoke control actions centered in the fire
area, AND groups are created for each smoke control zone.
When an input goes active, the smoke control system compares the devices
input label to all the rules stored in its memory. When a match is found between
a device and a rule, the rule is executed. Executing the rule requires the smoke
control system to again search its memory for all output device labels which
match the rule. The matching output devices are then turned on or off, as
specified in the rule.
Non-smoke control functions: All device responses for non-smoke control
functions such as elevator capture, unlocking doors, etc. should not be
programmed in with smoke control functions despite their location within a smoke
control zone.
Before you begin

The EST3 SCS uses a system of rules and objects to define the relationships
between the system inputs and outputs. This is the same criterion used for the
EST3 system. Critical to the use of these rules is the naming of the objects
making up the system. When properly labeled, the true power of the EST3 rules
and object programming is revealed.
Before you begin configuring a system, you should take the time to:
Make sure you understand the concepts of objects, labels, and rules
Develop a labeling plan centered around smoke control zone AND groups
Identify the objects in the system and determine the relationships between the
inputs and outputs
Understanding objects, labels, and rules

Objects
An object is any addressable device or circuit in the system that can be used to
initiate an input event in a rule or can be the subject of an output action. An
object may be:
106
A physical system component such as: a Local Rail Module (LRM), a smoke
detector, or a light emitting diode (LED)
A logic group comprised of physical system components
An artificial internal point, sometimes referred to as a pseudo point, designed

into the system to monitor system events.
For example, the 3-SSDC Single Signature Driver Controller is an object as are
the Signature-series detectors connected to it. In contrast, the 3-IDC8/4 Initiating
Device Circuit is an object, each of its eight zones are objects.
Labels
A label is any descriptive word or words created by the EST3 SCS system
designer to identify a specific object in the database. Labels are also used to
identify a rule. Labels have the following characteristics:
Labels must be unique. Duplicate labels will generate compiler errors and
prevent you from compiling the database.
Labels are arbitrary. They are assigned by EST3 SCS system designers to
simplify programming.
Labels may contain up to forty characters. The characters may be any ASCII
character except: braces { }, the percent symbol %, asterisks *, and blank
spaces. You should generally try to limit LRM labels to twenty characters.
Labels are not case sensitive and in some cases are automatically assigned by
the system. For example, the system will automatically assign labels for pseudo
points on the CPU, LCD, and other LRMs.
Rules
A rule is a statement specifying what operation or operations will occur when a
certain event takes place. A rule is composed of an input statement and an
output statement, separated by a colon and ended with a semicolon. When the
conditions are met to make the input statement true (active), then the system will
respond as directed by the output statement.
[Rule Label]
Input_Statement:Output_Statement;
If a rule has four operations, designated output_command_1,
output_command_2, output_command_3, and output_command_4, they will be
performed in the order they are listed in the rule when the rule is executed. When
the event activating the rule restores, the operations performed by the rule will
automatically restore in the reverse order.
107
Developing a labeling plan

Programming an EST3 SCS will require that you assign labels to cabinets,
modules, and other objects in the database. Before you start programming, you
need to develop a labeling plan. By developing a labeling plan, you will ensure
that your labels will be understandable and useful. This chapter contains
examples of labels for various types of HVAC system configurations which are
used in smoke control.
There are five things you should consider in your labeling plan:
Label format
Label content
Use of common label modifiers
Label numbering
Use of labels as messages
All labels must be unique. Duplicate labels are not allowed.
Formatting labels
To make your labels more readable, and more understandable, your plan should
include how labels will be formatted. You should take into consideration that
labels will be viewed on-line, on printed reports and on the system display panel.
Formatting considerations may include:
How to separate label modifiers
Whether to use all uppercase or all lowercase characters or a combination of

both
How label modifiers may be abbreviated
Functionally, it makes no difference whether your labels contain upper or

lowercase characters.
Note: The most important thing to remember about formatting labels is to be
consistent.
Example methods for formatting labels: The following shows three examples
using different methods of label formatting for a smoke zone in the building:
LEVEL1AREA1
LEVEL1_AREA1
Level1_Area1
108
The first label may be hard to read because it uses all uppercase characters and
there is no separation between the label modifiers LEVEL1 and AREA1. The
second label places an underscore between the two modifiers which makes it
easier to read. The third label uses upper and lowercase characters to
differentiate between label modifiers.
Some tips to consider when formatting labels:
Be consistent. Consistency is the most important factor in making your labels

easy to use and understand. You want to avoid using LEVEL1, LEVEL_1, and
Level1as label modifiers to reference the same building.
Find a comfortable balance between readability and length. Adding extra

underscores to separate label modifiers, as in LEVEL1_AREA1_S_DMP_OP
5, may make the label more readable but unnecessarily adds to the length.
Remote annunciator programming configuration instructions

The FSCS series annunciators are configured as part of the system using the
program. Each annunciator for a project must be configured as a separate
Cabinet (Node). Use the substitutions indicated in the table below to define each
Graphic Annunciator in the system.
Table 25: Graphic annunciator programming substitutions
Annunciator Components
Substitute Entry
For each annunciator add one Cabinet. 32 Cabinets maximum per

system including all panels.
xxx-CAB21
In Slot 3 remove the 3-PS/M by configuring the LRM Type as

None
Slot 3
None
The first LED/Sw Driver Module is added to Slot 4 as a 3-LDSM on

the Hardware Layer and a 12SW/24LED on the Operator Layer.
Slot 4
3-LDSM
12SW/24LED
Add additional LED/Sw Driver Modules as required to subsequent

slots as a 3-LDSM on the Hardware Layer and a 12SW/24LED on
the Operator Layer.
Subsequent Slots
3-LDSM
12SW/24LED
Note: There are no RS-232 ports or common relay contacts available on the 3ANNCPUx.
109
Smoke control considerations and

sequencing
Smoke control functions
For the EST3 smoke control system only the first automatic response can
activate automatic smoke control functions. All subsequent changes to the
smoke control system must be done manually at the FSCS. In order to prevent
subsequent automatic responses from overriding and affecting the smoke control
functions of the zone where the fire is, AND groups are used as follows:
An AND group must be created for each smoke zone.
The elements contained in the AND group must be all of the automatic and
manual alarm initiating devices which automatically initiate the smoke control
function for a particular smoke control zone.
Each AND group used for smoke control must have its activation number
set at one (1).
Each AND group activates the automatic smoke control functions for its
respective smoke zone.
Upon receipt of an alarm the fire smoke controls AND group must disable
all other smoke control AND groups.
Using AND groups for smoke control

[ALARM AND_Group1]
{ALARM AND_Group1is an AND group which contains all

initiating devices in smoke zone #1. The activation number
=1}
[ALARM AND_Group2]
{ALARM AND_Group2 is an AND group which contains all

=1}
[ALARM AND_Group3]
{ALARM AND_Group3 is an AND group which contains all

=1}
110
Example
[ALARM AND_Group1]
ALARM AND_GROUP1 :
ON LOW ZONE_1_DOOR_CLOSE,
STEADY ZONE_1_DOOR_CLOSE_LED*,
ON DMP ZONE_1_EXHAUST_DAMPER_OPEN,
ON HIGH ZONE_1_EXHAUST_DAMPER_AUTO,
STEADY ZONE_1_EXHAUST_DAMPER_OPEN_LED*,
ON LOW ZONE_1_SUPPLY_DAMPER_CLOSE,
ON HIGH ZONE_1_SUPPLY_DAMPER_AUTO,
STEADY ZONE_1_SUPPLY_DAMPER_CLOSE_LED*,
ON LOW ZONE_2_EXHAUST_DAMPER_CLOSE,
ON HIGH ZONE_2_EXHAUST_DAMPER_AUTO,
STEADY ZONE_2_EXHAUST_DAMPER_CLOSE_LED*,
ON LOW ZONE_2_SUPPLY_DAMPER_OPEN,
ON HIGH ZONE_2_SUPPLY_DAMPER_AUTO,
STEADY ZONE_2_SUPPLY_DAMPER_OPEN_LED*,
DLYA 0075,
ON HIGH ZONE_1_SUPPLY_FAN_OFF,
ON HIGH ZONE_1_SUPPLY_FAN_AUTO,
STEADY HIGH ZONE_1_SUPPLY_FAN_OFF_LED*,
ON HIGH ZONE_2_EXHAUST_FAN_OFF,
ON HIGH ZONE_2_EXHAUST_FAN_AUTO,
STEADY HIGH ZONE_2_EXHAUST_FAN_OFF_LED*,
ON HIGH ZONE_2_SUPPLY_FAN_ON,
ON HIGH ZONE_2_SUPPLY_FAN_AUTO,
STEADY HIGH ZONE_2_SUPPLY_FAN_ON_LED*,
ON HIGH ZONE_1_EXHAUST_FAN_ON,
ON HIGH ZONE_1_EXHAUST_FAN_AUTO,
STEADY HIGH ZONE_1_EXHAUST_FAN_ON_LED*,
DLYA 60,
ON HIGH ZONE_1_SUPPLY_FAN_OFF_TROUBLE,
FAST HIGH ZONE_1_SUPPLY_FAN_OFF_TROUBLE_LED,
ON HIGH ZONE_2_EXHAUST_FAN_OFF_TROUBLE,
FAST HIGH ZONE_2_EXHAUST_FAN_OFF_TROUBLE_LED;
[DISABLE AND_GROUP]
ALARM AND_GROUP1 :
DISABLE AND_GROUP2,
DISABLE AND_GROUP3,
DISABLE AND_GROUP4,
DLYA 30;
111
System Response time

Smoke control activation is to be initiated immediately after receipt of an
appropriate automatic or manual activation command. Smoke control systems
activate individual components such as fans and dampers in a sequence
necessary to prevent physical damage to equipment. The total response time for
individual components to achieve operational mode should remain within the
limits set in NFPA 92A as a base requirement:
60 seconds for fan operation at smoke system design rate
75 seconds for isolating damper travel
The Uniform Building Code (UBC), one of the three model building codes in use
in the US, establishes more restrictive limits on smoke control system response
times. Section 905.14 of the UBC requires individual components to achieve their
desired operating mode according to device:
Table 26 UBC response time requirements
Component
Response time
Control air isolation valves
Immediately
Smoke damper closing
15 seconds
Smoke damper openings
15 seconds maximum
Fan starting (energizing)
15 seconds maximum
Fan stopping (de-energizing)
Immediately
Fan volume modulation
30 seconds maximum
Pressure control modulation
15 seconds maximum
Temperature control safety override
15 seconds maximum
Positive indication of status
15 seconds maximum
Note: Local codes may require different response times.
Rules for smoke control programming

Table 27 contains rules for programming the various components of a smoke
control system. Rules will be written for each of the smoke zones.
LEVEL<n> (AREA<n>)
112
Table 27 Smoke control rules for supply dampers

Label
Function
Device type
S_DMP_OP<n>
Supply damper open control

module<n>
DamperControl
S_DMP_CL<n>
Supply damper close control

module<n>
DamperControl
S_DMP_SW_OP<n>
Supply damper open

switch<n>
Switch
S_DMP_SW_CL<n>
Supply damper close

switch<n>
Switch
S_DMP_SW_AU<n>
Supply damper automatic

switch<n>
Switch
S_DMP_LED_OP<n>
Supply damper open switch

LED<n>
LED
S_DMP_LED_CL<n>
Supply damper close switch

LED<n>
LED
S_DMP_LED_AU<n>
Supply damper automatic

switch LED<n>
LED
S_DMP_MON_OP<n>
Supply damper open monitor

module<n>
DamperFeedback (DAMP)
S_DMP_MON_CL<n>
Supply damper closed monitor DamperFeedback (DAMP)

module<n>
S_DMP_MON_OP_LED<n>
Supply damper open monitor

LED<n>
S_DMP_MON_CL_LED<n>
Supply damper closed monitor LED

LED<n>
LED
Table 28 Smoke control rules for supply fans

Label
Function
Device type
S_FAN_ON<n>
Supply fan on control

module<n>
FanControl
S_FAN_OFF<n>
Supply fan off control

module<n>
FanControl
S_FAN_SW_ON<n>
Supply fan on switch<n>
Switch
S_FAN_SW_OFF<n>
Supply fan off switch<n>
Switch
S_FAN_SW_AU<n>
Supply fan automatic

switch<n>
Switch
S_FAN_LED_ON<n>
Supply fan on switch LED<n>
LED
S_FAN_LED_OFF<n>
Supply fan off switch LED<n>
LED
113
Label
Function
Device type
S_FAN_LED_AU<n>
Supply fan automatic switch

LED<n>
LED
S_FAN_MON_ON<n>
Supply fan on monitor

module<n>
FanFeedback (FANFB)
S_FAN_MON_OFF<n>
Supply fan off monitor

module<n>
FanFeedback (FANFB)
S_FAN_MON_ON_LED<n>
Supply fan on monitor LED<n> LED
S_FAN_MON_OFF_LED<n>
Supply fan off monitor LED<n> LED
Table 29 Smoke control rules for return dampers

Label
Function
Device type
R_DMP_OP<n>
Return damper open control

module<n>
DamperControl
R_DMP_CL<n>
Return damper close control

module<n>
DamperControl
R_DMP_SW_OP<n>
Return damper open

switch<n>
Switch
R_DMP_SW_CL<n>
Return damper close

switch<n>
Switch
R_DMP_SW_AU<n>
Return damper automatic

switch<n>
Switch
R_DMP_LED_OP<n>
Return damper open switch

LED<n>
LED
R_DMP_LED_CL<n>
Return damper close switch

LED<n>
LED
R_DMP_LED_AU<n>
Return damper automatic

switch LED<n>
LED
R_DMP_MON_OP<n>
Return damper open monitor

module<n>
DamperFeedback (DAMP)
R_DMP_MON_CL<n>
Return damper closed monitor DamperFeedback (DAMP)

module<n>
R_DMP_MON_OP_LED<n>
Return damper open monitor

LED<n>
R_DMP_MON_CL_LED<n>
Return damper closed monitor LED

LED<n>
114
LED
Table 30 Smoke control rules for return fans

Label
Function
Device type
R_FAN_ON<n>
Return fan on control

module<n>
FanControl
R_FAN_OFF<n>
Return fan off control

module<n>
FanControl
R_FAN_SW_ON<n>
Return fan on switch<n>
Switch
R_FAN_SW_OFF<n>
Return fan off switch<n>
Switch
R_FAN_SW_AU<n>
Return fan automatic

switch<n>
Switch
R_FAN_LED_ON<n>
Return fan on switch LED<n>
LED
R_FAN_LED_OFF<n>
Return fan off switch LED<n>
LED
R_FAN_LED_AU<n>
Return fan automatic switch

LED<n>
LED
R_FAN_MON_ON<n>
Return fan on monitor

module<n>
FanFeedback (FANFB)
R_FAN_MON_OFF<n>
Return fan off monitor

module<n>
FanFeedback (FANFB)
R_FAN_MON_ON_LED<n>
Return fan on monitor LED<n> LED
R_FAN_MON_OFF_LED<n>
Return fan off monitor LED<n> LED
Table 31 Smoke control rules for exhaust dampers

Label
Function
Device type
E_DMP_OP<n>
Exhaust damper open control

module<n>
DamperControl
E_DMP_CL<n>
Exhaust damper close control

module<n>
DamperControl
E_DMP_SW_OP<n>
Exhaust damper open switch<n>
Switch
E_DMP_SW_CL<n>
Exhaust damper close switch<n>
Switch
E_DMP_SW_AU<n>
Exhaust damper automatic switch<n>
Switch
E_DMP_LED_OP<n>
Exhaust damper open switch LED<n>
LED
E_DMP_LED_CL<n>
Exhaust damper close switch LED<n>
LED
E_DMP_LED_AU<n>
Exhaust damper automatic switch

LED<n>
LED
E_DMP_MON_OP<n>
Exhaust damper open monitor

module<n>
DamperFeedback
(DAMP)
E_DMP_MON_CL<n>
Exhaust damper closed monitor

module<n>
DamperFeedback
(DAMP)
115
Label
Function
Device type
E_DMP_MON_OP_LED<n>
Exhaust damper open monitor

LED<n>
LED
E_DMP_MON_CL_LED<n>
Exhaust damper closed monitor

LED<n>
LED
E_FAN_ON<n>
Exhaust fan on control module<n>
FanControl
E_FAN_OFF<n>
Exhaust fan off control module<n>
FanControl
E_FAN_SW_ON<n>
Exhaust fan on switch<n>
Switch
E_FAN_SW_OFF<n>
Exhaust fan off switch<n>
Switch
E_FAN_AU_OFF<n>
Exhaust fan automatic switch<n>
Switch
E_FAN_LED_ON<n>
Exhaust fan on switch LED<n>
LED
E_FAN_LED_OFF<n>
Exhaust fan off switch LED<n>
LED
E_FAN_LED_AU<n>
Exhaust fan automatic switch LED<n>
LED
E_FAN_MON_ON<n>
Exhaust fan on monitor module<n>
FanFeedback (FANFB)
E_FAN_MON_OFF<n>
Exhaust fan off monitor module<n>
FanFeedback (FANFB)
E_FAN_MON_ON_LED<n>
Exhaust fan on monitor LED<n>
LED
E_FAN_MON_OFF_LED<n>
Exhaust fan off monitor LED<n>
LED
*Fan and damper control switches are 3-6/3S1Gxx configured as interlocked switches.
Rule example
The example assumes each floor is a smoke zone. A floor may be divided into
several smoke zones as well, with rules written for each zone using the same
approach as this example.
Note: All smoke detectors are in level<n>.
116
Example 1
Start up
[disable led] {LEDs may be disabled so they do not indicate
device status in nonalarm (Auto) condition.}
Startup :
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
S_DMP_MON_OP_LED*,
S_DMP_MON_CL_LED*,
S_DMP_LED_OP*,
S_DMP_LED_CL*,
S_DMP_LED_AU*,
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
R_DMP_MON_OP_LED*,
R_DMP_MON_CL_LED*,
R_DMP_LED_OP*,
R_DMP_LED_CL*,
R_DMP_LED_AU*,
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
[auto fan]
states}
Startup:
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
S_FAN_MON_OP_LED*,
S_FAN_MON_CL_LED*,
S_FAN_LED_OP*,
S_FAN_LED_CL*,
S_FAN_LED_AU*,
R_FAN_MON_OP_LED*,
R_FAN_MON_CL_LED*,
R_FAN_LED_OP*,
R_FAN_LED_CL*,
R_FAN_LED_AU*,
E_DMP_MON_OP_LED*,
E_DMP_MON_CL_LED*,
E_DMP_LED_OP*,
E_DMP_LED_CL*,
E_DMP_LED_AU*,
LED E_FAN_MON_OP_LED*,
LED E_FAN_MON_CL_LED*,
LED E_FAN_LED_OP*,
LED E_FAN_LED_CL*,
LED E_FAN_LED_AU*;
{set fan control modules to required normal
117
Programming note: You may wish to disable all the fan control switches so they
will not operate when the HVAC system is in the Auto mode.
Switches
[Switch SUPPLY_FAN_ON]{ Manual Switch Programming}
SW ZONE_<N:1-4>_SUPPLY_FAN_ON_SWITCH* :
FANON HIGH_ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_FAN_ON,
FAST ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_FAN_MAN_ON_LED*,
FAST SUPPLY_FAN_MAN_ON_LED,
SLOW ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_FAN_AUTO,
ON HIGH ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_FAN_AUTO,
OFF HIGH ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_FAN_OFF,
OFF HIGH ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_FAN_OFF_LED*,
DLYA 60,
ON ZONE_1_SUPPLY_FAN_ON_TROUBLE,
FAST ZONE_1_SUPPLY_FAN_ON_TROUBLE_LED,
FAST SUPPLY_FAN_ON_TROUBLE_LED*;
[Switch SUPPLY_FAN_OFF]
SW ZONE_<N:1-4>_MAN_SUPPLY_FAN_OFF_SWITCH* :
ON HIGH_ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_FAN_OFF,
FAST ZONE_<N>_MAN_SUPPLY_FAN_OFF_LED*,
FAST SUPPLY_FAN_MAN_OFF_LED,
SLOW ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_FAN_OFF_LED*,
ON HIGH ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_FAN_AUTO,
OFF HIGH ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_FAN_ON,
OFF HIGH ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_FAN_ON_LED*,
DLYA 60
ON ZONE_1_SUPPLY_FAN_OFF_TROUBLE,
FAST ZONE_1_SUPPLY_FAN_OFF_TROUBLE_LED,
FAST SUPPLY_FAN_OFF_TROUBLE_LED*;
118
Monitor Points
[Monitor SUPPLY_FAN_ON]
MONITOR ZONE_<N:1-4>_SUPPLY_FAN_MON_ON :
STEADY ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_FAN_MON_ON_LED*;
[Monitor S_FAN_OFF]
MONITOR ZONE_<N:1-4>_SUPPLY_FAN_MON_OFF :
STEADY ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_FAN_MON_OFF_LED*;
[Monitor SUPPLY_DMP_OPEN]
MONITOR ZONE_<N:1-4>_SUPPLY_DMP_MON_OPEN :
STEADY ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_DMP_MON_OP_LED*;
[Monitor SUPPLY_DMP_CLOSED]
MONITOR ZONE_<N:1-4>_SUPPLY_ DMP _MON_CL :
STEADY ZONE_<N>_SUPPLY_ DMP _MON_CL_LED*;
Reset
[reset] {Resets Panel and LEDs after Panel is reset to Auto
or normal state.}
SW RESET :
RESET ALL_CABINETS,
STEADY RESET_LED;
Weekly self-testing
[TIME CONTROLS ZONE W] {Weekly self testing of dedicated
smoke-control systems. i.e. stairwell pressurization
systems}
TIME FAN_TEST_ZONE_W :
ON HIGH ZONE_W_SUPPLY_DAMPER_OPEN,
OFF ZONE_W_SUPPLY_DAMPER_AUTO,
STEADY ZONE_W_SUPPLY_DAMPER_ON_LED*,
DLYA 60,
ON HIGH ZONE_W_SUPPLY_FAN_ON,
OFF HIGH ZONE_W_SUPPLY_FAN_AUTO,
STEADY ZONE_W_SUPPLY_FAN_ON_LED;
Note: Configure the required date and time in SDU programming for the
activation of the FAN_TEST_ZONE_W object label.
119
HVAC and system control examples

Dedicated systems
Table 32: Dedicated smoke control stair tower
Smoke control sequence commands
Objective
Open supply air dampers for smoke control
Provide a fresh air source to dilute

smoke which may enter stair
Open exhaust air dampers for smoke zone
Outlet vent for air in stair
Start stair tower smoke exhaust fan
Pull air through exhaust damper
*Monitor at panels air flow and damper position
Confirms system operation and shut-in
Figure 39: Dedicated smoke control stair tower
Supply
damper
Fan
120
SMOKE31.CDR
Exhaust
damper
Dedicated smoke control stair tower rules example

{Auto Limit StairW is an AND group containing all
initiating devices in stair tower W. The activation number
=1. Disable AND Groups for other alarms would be added to
this example}
[Smoke Control StairW]
ALARM SMOKE STAIRW:
OPEN S_DMP_OP_STAIRW,
DLY 0060,
ON -HIGH E_FAN_ON_STAIRW;
[Monitor StairW E FAN OFF]
MONITOR E_FAN_MON_OFF_StairW:
STEADY E_FAN_MON_OFF_StairW;
[Monitor StairW E FAN ON]
MONITOR E_FAN_MON_ON_StairW:
STEADY E_FAN_MON_ON_StairW;
[Monitor StairW S DMP OPEN]
MONITOR S_DMP_MON_OP_StairW:
STEADY S_DMP_MON_OP_StairW;
[Monitor StairW E DMP OPEN]
MONITOR E_DMP_MON_OP_StairW:
STEADY E_DMP_MON_OP_StairW;
Single zone smoke control systems with direct outside

air and direct exhaust air
Table 33: Single zone smoke control systems with direct outside air and direct exhaust air
Objective
AUTO OFF
Override all HVAC controls
Stop the smoke zone HVAC supply fan (Where

fire is detected)
Reduce pressure development
Stop designated adjacent zone HVAC return

fans
Keep out smoke
Close smoke zone supply air dampers
Stop smoke spread
Close adjacent zone return air dampers
Keep out smoke
Open exhaust dampers for smoke zone
Vent fire and develop negative

pressure in smoke zone
Open outside air dampers for adjacent zone
Develop positive pressure and keep

out smoke
121
Objective
Close exhaust dampers of adjacent zone

systems
Develop positive pressure
Start smoke zone return fan
Maintain negative pressure
10
Start adjacent zone supply fan
Maintain positive pressure
11
Reset the static pressure control (if present) to

maximum allowable value for all systems under
active EST3 SCS control
Monitoring and control
Confirms system operation and proper

compartmenting
Figure 40: Single zone smoke control systems with direct outside air and direct
exhaust air
Exhaust to outside
Fan
Supply from outside
Fan
R2
S2
R1
R3
S3
Smoke zone 2
122
SMOKE32.CDR
Smoke zone 1
Smoke zone 3
Single zone smoke control system rules example

{Auto Limit SMKZONE1 is an AND group which contains all
initiating devices in stair tower A. The activation number
=1}
[Smoke Control SMKZONE1]
ALARM AND_SMKZONE1:
{SUPPLY FAN OFF IN FIRE AREA}
FANOFF S_FAN_OFF_SMKZONE1,
{DISABLE ADJACENT AND_SMKZONE2, AND_SMKZONE3}
DISABLE AND_SMKZONE2,
DLYA 30,
{SUPPLY DAMPER OPEN ADJACENT ZONES}
OPEN S_DMP_OP_SMKZONE2,
OPEN S_DMP_OP_SMKZONE3,
{RETURN FAN OFF ADJACENT ZONES}
FANOFF R_FAN_OFF_SMKZONE2,
FANOFF R_FAN_OFF_SMKZONE3,
{RETURN DAMPER CLOSE}
CLOSE R_DMP_CLOSE_SMKZONE2,
CLOSE R_DMP_CLOSE_SMKZONE3,
{EXHAUST DAMPERS}
OPEN E_DMP_OP_SMKZONE1,
CLOSE E_DMP_CLOSE_SMKZONE2,
{RETURN FANS}
DLY 0060,
FANON HIGH R_FAN_ON_SMKZONE1,
{SUPPLY FANS}
FANON HIGH S_FAN_ON_SMKZONE2,
FANON HIGH S_FAN_ON_SMKZONE3;
[Monitor SMKZONE1 FANS]
MONITOR S_FAN_MON_OFF_SMKZONE1:
STEADY S_FAN_MON_OFF_LED_SMKZONE1;
MONITOR R_FAN_MON_ON_SMKZONE1:
STEADY R_FAN_MON_ON_SMKZONE1;
[Monitor SMKZONE2 R FAN OFF]
MONITOR R_FAN_MON_OFF_SMKZONE2:
STEADY R_FAN_MON_OFF_SMKZONE2;
[Monitor SMKZONE3 R FAN OFF]
MONITOR R_FAN_MON_OFF_SMKZONE3:
123
STEADY R_FAN_MON_OFF_SMKZONE3;
[Monitor SMKZONE2 S FAN ON]
MONITOR S_FAN_MON_ON_SMKZONE2:
STEADY S_FAN_MON_ON_SMKZONE2;
[Monitor SMKZONE3 S FAN ON]
MONITOR S_FAN_MON_ON_SMKZONE3:
STEADY S_FAN_MON_ON_SMKZONE3;
[Monitor SMKZONE1 R DMP CLOSE]
MONITOR R_DMP_MON_CLOSE_SMKZONE1:
STEADY R_DMP_MON_CLOSE_SMKZONE1;
MONITOR R_DMP_MON_CLOSE_SMKZONE2:
STEADY R_DMP_MON_CLOSE_SMKZONE2;
MONITOR R_DMP_MON_CLOSE SMKZONE3:
STEADY R_DMP_MON_CLOSE SMKZONE3;
[Monitor SMKZONE1 E DMP OPEN]
MONITOR E_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE1:
STEADY E_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE1;
[Monitor SMKZONE2 E DMP CLOSE]
MONITOR E _DMP_MON_CLOSE_SMKZONE2:
STEADY E_DMP_MON_CLOSE_SMKZONE2;
MONITOR E_DMP_MON_CLOSE_SMKZONE3:
[Monitor SMKZONE2 S DMP OPEN]
MONITOR S_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE2:
STEADY S_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE2;
[Monitor SMKZONE3 S DMP OPEN]
MONITOR S_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE3:
STEADY S_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE3;
124
Single zone smoke control with common outside air and

exhaust air
Table 34: Single zone smoke control with common outside air and exhaust ducts
Objective
AUTO OFF
Override HVAC system
Stop the smoke zone HVAC supply fan (Where

fire is detected)
Close smoke zone supply air dampers
Isolate smoke zone
Stop designated adjacent zone HVAC return

fans
Limit smoke spread
Close exhaust dampers of adjacent zone

systems
Limit smoke spread
Stop supply and return fans of all remote zone

systems on common outside air and exhaust
ducts
Prevent smoke extension
Open (fully) common outside air damper
Allow for fresh air entry
Open (fully) common exhaust damper
Allow for exhausting smoke
Close return air dampers for the smoke zone
Prevent smoke back-flow and create

negative pressure
10
Close return air dampers for adjacent zones
Keep out smoke
11
Open smoke zone exhaust damper
Vent smoke, create negative pressure
12
Turn on smoke zone return air fan

in fire area
13
Open supply air dampers on adjacent zones
Provide fresh air
14
Turn on adjacent zone supply fans
Create positive pressure in zone
15
Turn on common system supply fan (if not

previously activated)
Create positive pressure in zone
16
Turn on common system exhaust fan (if not

previously activated)

in fire area
17

active EST3 SCS control

compartmenting
125
Central system smoke control

Table 35: Central system smoke control
Objective
AUTO OFF
Overrides HVAC controls
Open central system outside exhaust air

dampers
Reduce pressure development in

smoke zone
Open central system outside supply air dampers
Limit smoke spread
Close central system return air dampers
Limit smoke spread
Close smoke zone supply air damper
Isolate smoke development
Open smoke zone exhaust air damper
Close adjacent zone exhaust air dampers
Prepare zones for pressurization and

limit smoke spread
Open fully adjacent zone supply air dampers

limit smoke spread
Close supply air dampers to remote zones on

central system
Limit smoke spread
10
Close exhaust air dampers to remote zones on

central system
Limit smoke spread
11
Start central system supply fan (if not currently

on)
Pressurize adjacent zones
12
Start central system return fan (if not currently

on)
Create negative pressure in smoke

zone by exhausting smoke
13

active FSCS control

compartmenting
Note: Multiple central systems serving portions of a fire floor will require sequencing for each
central system command consistent with smoke control application.
126
Dual duct smoke control

Table 36: Dual duct smoke control
Objective
AUTO OFF
Overrides HVAC system
Open central outside exhaust damper

smoke zone
Open central outside supply damper
Limit smoke spread
Close central return damper
Limit smoke spread
Reset duct static pressure controls to maximum

design levels
Maximize air flow and prevent duct

collapse or failure
Close smoke zone hot duct damper
Close smoke zone cold duct damper
Open smoke zone exhaust damper
Close adjacent zone exhaust dampers

limit smoke spread
10
Open fully adjacent zone hot duct dampers

limit smoke spread
11
Open fully adjacent zone cold duct dampers

limit smoke spread
12
Configure adjacent zone mixing boxes for

maximum air flow

limit smoke spread
13
Close hot dampers to remote zones on dual duct Limit smoke spread
system
14
Close cold dampers to remote zones on dual

duct system
Limit smoke spread
15

dual duct system
Limit smoke spread
16
Start central system supply fan (if not currently

on)
17
Start central system return fan (if not currently

on)


compartmenting
Note: Multiple dual duct systems serving portions of a fire floor will require sequencing for each
dual duct system consistent with smoke control application.
127
Figure 41: Dual duct smoke control

Exhaust to outside
Fan
RECIRCULATION
AIR DUCT
COOLING
COIL
Fan
MIXING
BOX
MIXING
BOX
MIXING
BOX
HEATING
COIL
Smoke zone 2
Smoke
zone 4
SMOKE33.CDR
Smoke zone 1
Dual duct smoke control rules example

{ Auto Limit SMKZONE 1 is an AND group which contains all
initiating devices in smoke zone 1. The activation number
=1}
[Smoke Control SMKZONE1]
ALARM SMOKE SMKZONE1:
{E DMP OPEN CENTRAL}
OPEN E_DMP_OP_CENTRAL,
{S DMP OPEN CENTRAL}
OPEN S_DMP_OP_CENTRAL,
{DISABLE OTHER SMKZONES}
DLYA 30,
{R DMP CLOSE CENTRAL}
CLOSE R_DMP_CLOSE_CENTRAL,
{Duct Pressure Control is set to Max Value}
ON DUCT_PRESSURE_CONTROL,
{H DMP CLOSE SMKZONE1}
128
CLOSE H_DMP_CLOSE_SMKZONE1,
{C DMP CLOSE SMKZONE1}
CLOSE C_DMP_CLOSE_SMKZONE1,
{E DMP OPEN SMKZONE1}
OPEN E DMP_OP_SMKZONE1,
{E DMP CLOSE}
{H DMP OPEN}
OPEN H_DMP_OP_SMKZONE2,
{C DMP OPEN}
OPEN C_DMP_OP_SMKZONE2,
OPEN C_DMP_OP-SMKZONE3,
{Configure SMKZONE2/3 Mixing Boxes(M)
for Maximum Flow}
OPEN C_DMP_OP_SMKZONE2,
OPEN C_DMP_OP_SMKXONE3,
OPEN H_DMP_OP_SMKXONE3,
{H DMP OPEN REMOTE ZONES}
OPEN H DMP_OP_SMKZONE4,
OPEN H DMP_OP_SMKZONE5,
{C DMP OPEN REMOTE ZONES}
OPEN C DMP_OP_SMKZONE4,
OPEN C DMP_OP_SMKZONE5,
{E DMP CLOSE REMOTE ZONES}
CLOSE E DMP_CLOSE_SMKZONE4,
CLOSE E DMP_CLOSE_SMKZONE5,
{S FAN ON CENTRAL}
DLY 0060,
FANON
HIGH S_FAN_ON_CENTRAL,
{R FAN ON CENTRAL}
FANON
HIGH R_FAN_ON_CENTRAL;
[Monitor CENTRAL E DMP OPEN]
MONITOR E_DMP_MON_OP_CENTRAL:
STEADY E_DMP_MON_OP_CENTRAL;
[Monitor CENTRAL S DMP OPEN]
MONITOR S_DMP_MON_OP_CENTRAL:
STEADY S_DMP_MON_OP_CENTRAL;
[Monitor CENTRAL R DMP CLOSE]
129
MONITOR R _DMP_MON_CLOSE_CENTRAL:
STEADY R_DMP_MON_CLOSE_CENTRAL;
[Monitor CONTROLS DUCT PRESSURE]
MONITOR CONTROLS_DUCT_PRESSURE:
STEADY CONTROLS_DUCT_PRESSURE;
[Monitor SMKZONE1 H DMP CLOSE]
MONITOR H_DMP_MON_CLOSE_SMKZONE1:
STEADY H_DMP_MON_CLOSE_SMKZONE1;
[Monitor SMKZONE1 C DMP CLOSE]
MONITOR C_DMP_MON_CLOSE_SMKZONE1:
STEADY C_DMP_MON_CLOSE_SMKZONE1;
MONITOR E_DMP_MON_CLOSE_SMKZONE1:
[Monitor Mixing Box (M) Settings Zone2]
MONITOR M_DMP_OP_SMKZONE2:
STEADY M_DMP_OP_SMKZONE2;
[Monitor Mixing Box (M) Settings Zone3]
MONITOR M_DMP_OP_SMKZONE3:
STEADY M_DMP_OP_SMKZONE3;
[Monitor SMKZONE4 H DMP OPEN]
MONITOR H_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE4:
STEADY H_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE4;
130
[Monitor SMKZONE5 H DMP OPEN]

MONITOR H_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE5:
STEADY H_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE5;
[Monitor SMKZONE4 C DMP OPEN]
MONITOR C_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE4:
STEADY C_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE4;
[Monitor SMKZONE5 C DMP OPEN]
MONITOR C_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE5:
STEADY C_DMP_MON_OP_SMKZONE5;
[Monitor CENTRAL S FAN ON]
MONITOR S _FAN_MON_ON_CENTRAL:
STEADY S_FAN_MON_ON_CENTRAL;
[Monitor CENTRAL R FAN ON]
MONITOR R_FAN_MON_ON_CENTRAL:
STEADY R_FAN_MON_ON_CENTRAL;
Multi-zone smoke control

Table 37: Multi-zone smoke control
Objective
AUTO OFF
Overrides HVAC controls
Open central multi-zone outside exhaust outside

dampers

smoke zone
Close central multi-zone return damper
Limit smoke spread

design levels

collapse or failure
Close smoke zone air supply damper
Open smoke zone air exhaust damper

limit smoke spread

limit smoke spread

multi zone system
Limit smoke spread
131
Objective
10

multi zone system
Limit smoke spread
11
Start multi-zone system supply fan (if not

currently on)
12
Start multi-zone system return fan (if not

currently on)


compartmenting
Note: Multiple dual duct systems serving portions of a fire floor will require sequencing for each
dual duct system consistent with smoke control application.
VAV smoke control

Table 38: VAV smoke control
Objective
AUTO OFF
Overrides HVAC System
Open central VAV outside exhaust outside

dampers

smoke zone
Close central VAV return damper
Limit smoke spread

design levels

collapse or failure
Close smoke zone air supply damper
Open smoke zone air exhaust damper

limit smoke spread

limit smoke spread

VAV system
Limit smoke spread

VAV system
Limit smoke spread
Start VAV system supply fan (if not currently on)

and set for maximum allowable volume
Start VAV system return fan (if not currently on)

and set for maximum allowable volume

Confirms system operation and shut-in

Note: Multiple VAV systems serving portions of a fire floor will require sequencing for each VAV
system consistent with smoke control application.
132
Chapter 4
Smoke control acceptance
and testing
Summary
Initial smoke control system turn on procedures and information concerning
acceptance testing is provided in this chapter.
Content
Testing 134
Testing documentation 134
Smoke control panel acceptance test procedure 134
Acceptance testing 136
Building component testing procedures 138
EST3 SCS/FSCS test procedures 138
EST3 SCS detection acceptance testing 144
Smoke control input modules 146
Smoke control output modules 147
Zoned smoke control and atrium systems 148
Stair tower pressurization systems 149
Elevator shaft pressurization systems 150
Additional considerations 151
Other test methods 151
EST3 SCS owners manual and instructions 152
Partial occupancy 152
Modifications 152
Periodic testing 152
133
Chapter 4: Smoke control acceptance and testing
Testing
Absence of a consensus agreement for a testing procedure and acceptance
criteria for smoke control has historically created numerous problems at time of
system acceptance, including delays in obtaining a certificate of occupancy.
The building owner, smoke control system designer, and EST3 SCS
designer/installer must agree upon the objective and design criteria for smoke
control with the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ)at the planning stage of the
project to help ensure testing requirements are consistent with the systems
original design. EST3 SCS design submittals for AHJ approval should include a
procedure for acceptance testing in order that any programming or operational
requirements set by the AHJ my be incorporated.
EST3 SCS contract documents should include operational and acceptance
testing procedures so that system and smoke control systems designers,
installers, and the owner have an understanding of the system objectives and the
testing procedure. The system designer, responsible for defining air flow rates,
zones, and tenability will rely heavily upon the 3-SSDC to provide detection of fire
and control of components which compartmentalize or vent smoke.
Testing documentation
Upon completion of acceptance testing, a copy of all operational testing
documentation should be provided to the owner and AHJ. This documentation
should be available for reference in periodic testing and maintenance. For
integrated systems, installed in compliance with NFPA 72, records of all testing
and maintenance shall be kept on the protected premises for a period of at least
five (5) years.
Smoke control panel acceptance test

procedure
Once the system has been wired, programmed, and the circuit faults corrected,
all installed components should be tested as a system, to ensure proper
operation. Should additional problems be discovered, refer to the EST3
Installation and Service Manual for details on how to correct any problems
uncovered. Since most EST3 SCSs will be integrated into an EST3 fire alarm
network, testing and acceptance may also need to comply with the requirements
of NFPA 72. Chapter 4 of the EST3 Installation Manual (270380) contains
system power-up and testing procedures which should also be consulted. The
134
FSCS, where installed, may also be integrated into the EST3 fire alarm network
and tested under NFPA 72.
The initial system check is designed to verify that all components of the system
are installed and operating as designed. Verifying that the system was designed
and installed according to specifications requires all aspects of the system to be
exercised and the results verified. Where test results differ from those expected,
corrective action must be taken.
Before commencing testing, notify all areas where the alarm sounds and off
premise locations that receive alarm and trouble transmissions, if any, that
testing is in progress.
Testing of the smoke control system will logically be performed as a part of the
smoke control air flow and compartmentation testing. While flow rates of fans
may be the responsibility of others, their operation is contingent upon proper
installation and programming of the EST3 SCS and FSCS. The test procedures
reflect smoke control building component testing and smoke control system and
FSCS testing divided into three categories based upon NFPA 92A and NFPA
92B test procedures:
Component testing
Acceptance testing
Periodic testing and maintenance
Building component testing: The intent of building component testing is to

establish that the final smoke control installation complies with the specified
design, is functioning properly, and is ready for acceptance testing.
Prior to testing, the party responsible for this testing, normally the system
designer, should verify completeness of building construction or compartmenting
components including the following architectural features:
Shaft integrity
Firestopping or glazing which may enclose a large space
Doors and closers related to smoke control
Partitions and ceilings
The operational testing of each individual building system component is

performed to determine if smoke zones or areas are complete exclusive of EST3
SCS programmed commands. These operational tests normally will be
performed by various trades before interconnection to the EST3 SCS is made.
It should be certified in writing by the responsible trades that each system
components installation is complete and the component is functional including
relays installed by others for interconnection to the EST3 SCS. Each component
135
test should be individually documented, including such items as speed, voltage,

and amperage.
Because smoke control systems are usually an integral part of building operating
systems, testing of the building system should include the following subsystems
to the extent that they affect the operation of the smoke control system:
Energy management system
Building management and security system
HVAC equipment
Electrical equipment
Temperature control system
Power sources and standby power for fans and damper
Automatic suppression systems
Automatic operating doors and closures
Emergency elevator operation
In most applications building control components to the smoke control system

are required to operate from the buildings emergency power system as a backup
to primary power. The electrical load required for motors in fan control circuits
and status indicators from the emergency power must be provided for in
emergency power design.
EST3 SCS/FSCS component testing: Components activated by the smoke
control system to be tested include:
Dedicated smoke control systems
Non-dedicated smoke control systems
Fire alarm systems installed under NFPA 72
The FSCS series annunciator must receive power from other sources. The
cabinet does not contain batteries for emergency power.
Acceptance testing
The intent of acceptance testing is to demonstrate that the final integrated
system installation complies with the specified design and is functioning properly.
One or more of the following should be present to grant acceptance:
Building system designer
EST3 SCS designer/installer
AHJ
136
All documentation from component testing should be available for inspection.

Building test equipment
The following equipment may be needed to determine air flows and
compartmentation as a part of smoke control acceptance testing:
Differential pressure gauges, inclined water or electronic manometer
Scale suitable for measuring door-opening force
Anemometer, including traversing equipment
ammeter
Flow-measuring hood (optional)
Door wedges
Tissue paper roll (for indicating direction of airflow)
Signs indicating a test of the smoke control system is in progress
Walkie-talkie radios for coordinating equipment
EST3 SCS test equipment

Required Tools:
Slotted Screwdriver, Insulated
Digital Multimeter
12 inch (30.5 cm) jumper lead with alligator clips
Panel Door Key
Building test parameters

The following parameters need to be measured during acceptance testing:
Total volumetric flow rate
Airflow velocities and direction
Door-opening forces
Pressure differentials and ambient temperature
Smoke control test parameters

The following parameters need to be confirmed during acceptance testing:
EST3 SCS component control
EST3 SCS detection
FSCS override and component control
137
Building component testing procedures

Prior to beginning acceptance testing, all building equipment should be placed in
the normal operating mode, including equipment that is not used to implement
smoke control, such as toilet exhaust, elevator shaft vents, elevator machine
room fans, and similar systems.
Wind speed, direction, and outside temperature should be recorded on each test
day.
If standby power has been provided for the operation of the smoke control
system fans, louvers, or dampers, the acceptance testing should be conducted
while on both normal and standby power. Disconnect the normal building power
at the main service disconnect to simulate true operating conditions in this mode.
EST3 SCS/FSCS test procedures

Smoke control acceptance testing should include demonstrating that the correct
outputs are produced for each input of a control sequence specified.
Consideration should be given to the following control sequences, so that the
complete smoke control sequence is demonstrated:
Normal mode
Automatic smoke control mode for first alarm
Second alarm annunciation without automatic override of first alarm
Manual override of normal and automatic smoke control modes
FSCS controls (where installed) override of all other system controls
Return to normal
It is acceptable and desirable to perform acceptance tests for the fire alarm
system in conjunction with the smoke control system. One or more device circuits
on the fire alarm system could initiate a single input signal to the smoke control
system. The smoke control acceptance testing follows Chapter 4 of the EST3
Installation Manual.
A prepared smoke control system testing procedure should be developed to
establish the appropriate number of initiating devices and initiating device circuits
to be operated to demonstrate the smoke control system operation for the AHJs
approval. The section titled Other test methods in this chapter contains additional
information on test methods which may come under AHJ consideration for
acceptance testing.
138
EST3 SCS/FSCS testing for smoke control

Table 39: Initial acceptance testing for smoke control equipment
Component
Test procedure
Primary power supplies

(required for EST3 SCS)
1. Verify that all components are installed in workman like

manner.
2. Verify adequate separation between power-limited and
nonpower-limited wiring.
3. Verify that the installed batteries are the proper capacity for
the application including the FSCS series annunciator,
where installed.
4. With the batteries disconnected, verify that the supplys full
alarm load can be sustained by the power supply without the
batteries connected. (Temporarily jumper the positive battery
terminal to the positive auxiliary output to remove the battery
trouble.)
5. With the batteries connected, disconnect the AC source and
verify that a power supply trouble is annunciated, and that
the supplys full alarm load can be sustained by the
batteries. The full alarm load may include the FSCS.
6. Verify that the battery charger properly charges the batteries
connected to both the primary and booster power supplies to
80% capacity within 24 hours.
Table 40: Initial acceptance testing for smoke control equipment

Component
Test procedure
Booster power supplies

manner.
2. Verify adequate separation between power-limited and
nonpower-limited wiring.
3. Verify that the installed batteries are the proper capacity for
the application including the FSCS series annunciator,
where installed.
4. With the batteries disconnected, verify that the supplys full
alarm load can be sustained by the power supply without the
batteries connected. (Temporarily jumper the positive battery
terminal to the positive auxiliary output to remove the battery
trouble).
5. With the batteries connected, disconnect the AC source and
verify that a power supply trouble is annunciated, and that
the supplys full alarm load can be sustained by the
batteries. The full alarm load may include the FSCS.
CPU panel controller module

with LCD display module
1. Verify the module is properly seated in all four rail

connectors and secured with the four snap rivets. Verify that
139
Component
Test procedure
removable terminal strips TB1 and TB2 are firmly seated.
manner.
3. Verify that the correct date and time are displayed on the
LCD display, and the Power LED is on.
4. Simultaneously press the Alarm, Silence, and Panel Silence
switches to activate the lamp test function. Verify all LEDs
on the graphic panel light.
5. Initiate an alarm and verify that: the Alarm LED flashes, the
Alarm relay transfers, the correct device message appears
at the top of the LCD window, the active point counter
increments, the event sequence indicates a 1, the active
Alarm events counter at the bottom of the display indicates
A001, the event type indicates fire alarm, and the local panel
buzzer sounds. The graphic annunciator panel will have a
panel alarm LED and zone LED. Press the Alarm queue
switch and verify that the Alarm LED lights steady. Press the
Panel Silence switch to verify that the panel buzzer silences
and the Panel Silence LED lights. Press the Alarm Silence
switch and verify that the required notification appliances are
silenced. Press the Expanded Message Switch and verify
that the alarm devices expanded message, if any, is
displayed. If a printer is connected to the CPU, verify that all
specified information appears on the printer.
6. Initiate a second alarm in another smoke control zone and
verify that: it appears at the bottom of the LCD window, the
active point counter changes, the event sequence indicates
a 2, the active Alarm events counter at the bottom of the
display indicates A002, the event type indicates alarm, the
Alarm LED re-flashes, the local panel buzzer re-sounds, and
the first Alarm message remains at the top of the LCD
display. Press the Alarm queue switch and verify that the
Alarm LED lights steady.
7. Initiate a third alarm in a remaining area and verify that: its
message appears at the bottom of the LCD window, the
a 3, the active Alarm events counter at the bottom of the
display indicates A003, the event type indicates alarm, and
the local panel buzzer re-sounds, and the alarm message
remains at the top of the LCD display. Press the Alarm
queue switch and verify that the Alarm LED lights steady.
8. Use the previous and next message switches to verify that
you can scroll through all three messages in the alarm
queue, as indicated by the event sequence window.
9. Press the Reset switch. Verify that all initiating devices reset
and that all panel indicators clear except the green power
LED on the panel or remote annunciator CPU and the
graphic annunciator panel.
140
Component
Test procedure
10a.Initiate an active Monitor condition and verify that: the
Monitor LED flashes, the correct active Monitor device
message appears in the top and bottom windows of the
LCD, the active point counter changes, the event sequence
indicates a 1, the active Monitor events counter at the
bottom of the display indicates M001, and the event type
indicates Monitor. Press the Monitor queue switch and verify
that the Monitor LED lights steady. Initiate a second active
Monitor condition and verify that the first Monitor message
remains at the top of the LCD window, that the second
Monitor event message appears at the bottom of the display,
the active point counter changes, the event sequence
indicates a 2, the active Monitor events counter at the
bottom of the display indicates M002.
10b.Initiate an active Trouble condition and verify that: the
Trouble LED flashes, the correct active Trouble device
message appears in the top and bottom windows of the
LCD, the local panel buzzer sounds, the Trouble relay
transfers, the active point counter changes, the event
sequence indicates a 1, the active Trouble events counter
at the bottom of the display indicates T001, and the event
type indicates Trouble. The graphics panel also contains a
general trouble LED. Press the Trouble queue switch and
verify that the Trouble LED lights steady. Press the Panel
Silence switch to verify the panel buzzer silences and the
Panel Silenced LED lights. The graphics panel also contains
a panel silence and Reset switch which should also activate.
Initiate a second active Trouble condition and verify that the
first Trouble message remains at the top of the LCD window,
that the second Trouble event message appears at the
bottom of the display, the active point counter changes, the
event sequence indicates a 2, the active Trouble events
counter at the bottom of the display indicates T002
10c.Initiate an active Supervisory condition and verify that the
Supervisory LED flashes, the correct active Supervisory
device message appears in the top and bottom windows of
the LCD, the local panel buzzer sounds , the Supervisory
relay transfers, the active point counter changes, the event
sequence indicates a 1, the active Supervisory events
counter at the bottom of the display indicates S001 and the
event type indicates Supervisory. Press the Supervisory
queue switch and verify that the Supervisory LED lights
steady. Press the Panel Silence switch to verify the panel
buzzer silences and the Panel Silenced LED lights. Initiate a
second active Supervisory condition and verify that the first
Supervisory message remains at the top of the LCD window,
that the second Supervisory event message appears at the
bottom of the display, the active point counter changes, the
event sequence indicates a 2, the active Supervisory
events counter at the bottom of the display indicates S002.
141
Component
Test procedure
10d. Initiate an active Alarm, verify that alarm LED flashes, the
correct fire alarm/smoke control message appears in the top
and bottom windows of the LCD the active point counter
changes, the event sequence indicates a 1, the active
alarm events counter at the bottom of the display indicates
A001 and the event type indicates alarm. Press the Alarm
queue switch and verify that the Alarm LED lights steady.
Press the Panel Silence switch to verify the panel buzzer
silences and the Panel Silenced LED lights. Initiate a second
Alarm condition and verify that the first Alarm message
remains at the top of the LCD window, that the second Alarm
event message appears at the bottom of the display, the
a 2, the active alarm events counter at the bottom of the
display indicates A002.
11. LEDs for operation of smoke control components in 1-10
above are also contained on the graphic annunciator panel
and must be confirmed for each device.
12. Press the Reset switch on the LCD or annunciator panel and
verify that all devices reset and the panel returns to the
normal condition.
3-RS232 card installed in CPU 1. Verify the card is properly seated in its connector and
secured with the snap rivet.
2. Verify that the baud rate of the peripheral device connected
to the port matches the port setting as set using the SDU
program.
3. Check the printer (CPU only) operation by initiating an active
condition on the system or generating a system report via
the keypad.
3-RS485 card installed in
CPU, class B configuration
1. Verify the card is properly seated in its connector and

secured
2. For smoke control panels which are networked, start with the
network in the normal condition and use the status command
to verify all connected cabinets are communicating over the
network.
3. Disconnect the network data communications wiring
(TB2-17/18 & 19/20) from the cabinet with the primary LCD
module, and verify that all the other system cabinets
connected to the network appear in the trouble queue.
3-RS485 card installed in

CPU, class A configuration
1. Verify the card is properly seated in its connector and

secured with the snap rivet.
2. For smoke control panels which are networked, start with the
network in the normal condition and use the status command
to verify all connected cabinets are communicating over the
network.
142
Component
Test procedure
3. Disconnect the network data communications wiring
(TB2-17/18 & 19/20) from the cabinet with the primary LCD
module, and verify that a Class A network data
communications fault is annunciated. Repeat step 2 to verify
that all connected cabinets are still communicating over the
network.
3-IDC8/4 traditional I/O zone

module for smoke control
1. Familiarize yourself with the circuit configuration of the

individual module to be tested. Remember, modules of the
same type can be configured differently.
2. For circuits configured as Initiating Device Circuits (IDCs),
activate the circuit by shorting the circuits two terminals.
Verify that the appropriate message appears in the proper
message queue. Disconnect the circuit or EOL resistor.
Verify that a Trouble message appears in the Trouble
message queue.
3. For circuits optionally configured as Notification Device
Circuits (NACs), turn on the circuit by activating an IDC
programmed to turn on the NAC, or use the activate output
device command via the keypad. Verify that the circuit
activates properly. Restore the circuit. Disconnect the circuit
or EOL resistor. Verify that a Trouble message appears in
the Trouble message queue.
3-SSDC Signature driver

module
1. Verify that the module is properly seated in both rail

connectors and secured with the two snap rivets. Verify that
removable terminal strips TB1 and TB2 are firmly seated.
2. Verify the wiring to all Signature devices.
3. Map the SDC circuit by reading the device data; adjusting,
modifying, and accepting devices as required; writing the
information back to the devices; and re-reading the device
data.
4. With no map errors displayed, put an input device on the
circuit in the active mode, and verify the appropriate
message is displayed on the LCD module and graphic
annunciator, where installed. Put the input device in the
Trouble mode and verify that the correct Trouble message is
displayed.
Note: Individual device testing is detailed in other tables.
LED displays, EST3 SCS and

Envoy FSCS series
annunciator
Verify that the displays are properly seated in the module or

graphic panel. Verify that the ribbon cable between the display
and its host module is firmly seated on both ends.
For the FSCS perform a lamp test by pressing the Alarm Silence
and Panel Silence switches simultaneously.
For the FSCS series annunciator there is a momentary
pushbutton switch on the panel.
143
Component
Test procedure
Control/LED Displays, EST3

SCS and Envoy FSCS series
annunciator
1. Verify that the displays are properly seated in the module or

graphic panel. Verify that the ribbon cable between the
display and its host module is firmly seated on both ends.
2. Perform a lamp test by pressing the Alarm Silence and
Panel Silence switches simultaneously. For the graphic
annunciator panel there is a Lamp Test switch on the panel.
3. Perform a functional switch test.
EST3 SCS detection acceptance testing

The procedures listed in Table 41, Table 43, and Table 45 should be performed
on the detectors, input modules, output modules, and related accessories
connected to each cabinet. Additional procedures for manual initiating devices
may be found in Table 44. These procedures are presented to test the devices
and smoke control system programming.
Note: The network configuration, Signature Control module information must be
downloaded into the network and Audio Source Unit, using the EST3 System
Definition Utility (SDU) Program, before starting testing.
Every detector connected to the smoke control system should be visited, and
manually activated during the installation process to verify that:
1. The location meets design parameters for spacing and air flow.
2. The location annunciated by the smoke control system agrees with the
physical location of the device.
3. That the activated device initiates the correct smoke control system response.
Table 41: Initial acceptance testing for detectors
Component
Test procedure
Signature Series detectors

and bases on a 3-SSDC
module circuit
1. Verify that all components are installed in a workman like

manner.
2. Individually activate each detector. Verify that the
appropriate Alarm and location message is displayed on the
LCD module. Verify that the detector initiates the appropriate
system responses. If the detector is installed in a relay base,
verify that the bases relay function operates correctly. If the
detector is installed in an isolator base, verify that the base
isolates the required circuit segments.
3. Duct mounted detectors should be tested to verify that
minimum/maximum airflow requirements are met and that
144
Component
Test procedure
smoke control actions or overrides are functioning.
4. Remove the detector from its base. Verify that the
appropriate Trouble and location message is displayed on
the LCD module.
5. After all detectors have been individually inspected, run a
Sensitivity report, using the Reports command.
Traditional 2-wire smoke

detectors connected to
3-IDC8/4 modules
1. Verify that all components are installed in a workman like

manner.
2. Individually activate each detector. Verify that the
LCD module. Verify the detector circuit initiates the
appropriate system responses.
3. Duct mounted detectors should be tested to verify that
4. Remove the detector from its base. Verify that the
appropriate circuit Trouble and location message is
displayed on the LCD module.
Table 42: Initial acceptance testing for detectors

Component
Test procedure
Conventional 2-wire smoke

detectors connected to SIGAUM (UM) modules
Verify that all components are installed in a workman-like

manner.
Verify that jumper JP1 on each UM module is set to position

1/2.
Individually activate each detector. Verify that the

LCD module. Verify the UM initiates the appropriate system
responses.
Duct mounted detectors should be tested to verify that

Remove the detector from its base. Verify that the

appropriate UM Trouble and location message is displayed
on the LCD module.
Beam detectors
Test the detector at the receiver.

Use test cards and obscuration filters supplied with the units
installation kit.
Following installation instructions for testing for total obscuration
and then use filters to verify sensitivity.
145
Smoke control input modules

Every input module connected to the smoke control system should be visited,
and manually activated during the installation process to verify that:
1. The installed location of the initiating device connected to the module meets
proper engineering practices.
2. The location annunciated by the system agrees with the physical location and
function of the initiating device.
3. The initiating device/module activates the correct smoke control system
response.
Table 43: Initial acceptance testing for input modules
Component
Test procedure
Signature Series input

modules
Verify that all components are installed in a workman-like

manner.
Individually activate each initiation device. Verify that the

appropriate circuit type and location message is displayed
on the LCD and graphic display. Verify that the circuit
initiates the appropriate system responses.
Open the circuit. Verify that the appropriate circuit Trouble

and location message is displayed on the LCD module.
Table 44: Initial acceptance testing for manual stations

Component
Test procedure
Manual stations ( for stairwell

pressurization only)
1. Visual inspection.
2. Activate mechanism.
3. Verify that the appropriate circuit type and location message
is displayed on the LCD module. The graphic panel, tailored
to each installation may use only a single alarm LED to
indicate multiple device conditions. Verify the device initiates
the appropriate smoke control system zone and design
response.
4. Open the circuit. Verify that the appropriate Trouble and
location message is displayed on the LCD.
146
Smoke control output modules

Every output module connected to the system should be visited, and manually
activated during the installation process to verify that:
1. The installed location of the controlled device meets proper engineering
practices.
2. The location of the controlled device annunciated by the system agrees with
the physical location of the device.
3. The device is activated by the correct system inputs.
Table 45: Initial acceptance testing for output modules
Component
Test procedure
Signature series output

modules
Verify that all components are installed in a workman like

manner.
Using the Activate Output command, individually activate each
output. Verify that the device responds appropriately and the
LED and graphic annunciator LEDs light.
For supervised output circuits, open up the circuit. Verify that the
appropriate circuit Trouble and location message is displayed on
the LCD module.
If the output is activated by one or more system inputs, activate
these inputs and verify the output priority function operates
appropriately.
Confirm sequential operation for output modules connected to
fans, dampers, and doors.
Table 46: Weekly testing of dedicated systems

Component
Test procedure
Dedicated smoke control

systems
Programming for the SCS must include a weekly test of

dedicated systems and their components.
Results of automatic testing should verify that all components
operate in the programmed sequence.
The program, at the designated time, must automatically activate
the output command for each of the system inputs, verifying
were necessary that dampers ( and other compartmenting
components ) have opened or closed and fans have started or
stopped.
A record of the automatic test sequences and results must be
maintained at the location of the EST3 SCS.
147
Dedicated systems
Zoned smoke control and atrium systems
Verify the exact location of each smoke control zone and the door or other
openings in the perimeter of each zone. If the building plans do not specifically
identify them, the smoke control system may have to be activated in zones so
that any magnetically held doors will close and identify smoke zone boundaries.
For the building components verification, the component designer should
measure and record the pressure difference across all smoke control zones that
divide a floor. The measurements should be made while the HVAC systems
serving the floors smoke zones are operating in their normal (i.e. non-smoke
control) mode. The measurements should be made while all smoke barrier doors
that divide a floor into zones are closed. A measurement should be made across
each smoke barrier door or set of doors, and the resulting data should clearly
indicate the higher and lower pressure sides of the doors.
Using smoke control input devices, verify the proper activation of each zoned
smoke control system in response to all means of activation, both automatic and
manual, as specified in the contract documents. Where automatic activation is
required in response to alarm signals received from the buildings smoke control
system, each separate alarm signal should be initiated to ensure that proper
automatic activation of the correctly zoned smoke control system occurs.
Automatic weekly testing of dedicated systems should be cycled to verify all
components operate as installed and programmed and that the test time is
agreeable to the building owners. Verify confirming indications, documenting the
proper operation of all fans, dampers, and related equipment for each separate
smoke control system zone.
Activate the zoned smoke control systems that is appropriate for each separate
smoke control zone. Measure and record the pressure difference across all
smoke barrier doors that separate the smoke zone from adjacent zones. The
measurements should be made while all smoke barrier doors that separate the
smoke zone from the other zones are fully closed. One measurement should be
made across each smoke barrier door or set of doors, and the data should
clearly indicate the higher and lower pressure sides of the doors. Doors that have
a tendency to open slightly due to the pressure difference should have one
pressure measurement made while held closed and another made when
unrestrained.
Continue to activate each separate smoke control zone and making pressure
difference measurements. Ensure that after testing a smoke zone it is properly
deactivated and the HVAC systems involved return to their normal operating
148
mode prior to activating another zones smoke control system according to

system programming. Also ensure that control verifying damper and fan
operation necessary to prevent excessive pressure differences are functioning to
prevent damage to ducts and related building equipment. Component testing
should have previously verified operation of fans, dampers, doors, and other
smoke control equipment.
Stair tower pressurization systems

The building system designer, with all building HVAC systems in normal
operation, measure and record the pressure difference across each stair tower
door while the door is closed. After recording the pressure difference across the
door, measure the force necessary to open each door, using a spring-type scale.
The building system designer should establish a consistent procedure for
recording data throughout the entire test . The stair tower side of the doors will
always be considered as the reference point and the floor side of the doors will
always have the pressure difference value (positive if higher than the stair tower
and negative when less than the stair tower). Since the stair tower pressurization
system is intended to produce a positive pressure within the stair tower, all
negative pressure values recorded on the floor side of the doors indicate a
potential airflow into the floor.
The EST3 system designer, working with the building system designer, should
verify the proper activation of the stair tower pressurization systems in response
to all means of activation, both automatic and manual, as specified in the
contract documents. Where automatic activation is required in response to alarm
signals received from the buildings smoke control system, each separate alarm
signal should be initiated to ensure that proper automatic activation occurs.
Automatic weekly testing of dedicated systems should be cycled to verify all
components operate as installed and programmed and that the test time is
agreeable to the building owners. Verify confirming indications, documenting the
proper operation of all fans, dampers, and related equipment for each separate
smoke control system zone.
With the stair tower pressurization system activated, the building system
designer should measure and record the pressure difference at points similar to
those evaluated in zoned smoke control and atrium systems.
After recording the pressure difference across each closed door, measure the
force necessary to open each door. Use the established procedure to record data
throughout the test. The local code and contract documents should be followed
regarding the door to be opened for this test.
With the stair tower pressurization system activated, open the doors required by
the system design, one at a time, and measure and record the pressure
149
difference across each remaining closed stair tower doors after the opening of
each additional door. After recording the pressure difference across each closed
door, measure the force necessary to open each door. Use the established
procedure to record data throughout the test. The local code and contract
document requirements should be followed regarding the number and location of
doors that need to be opened for this test.
With the stair tower system activated, and all required doors open, determine and
record the direction of airflow through each of the open doors. This can be done
by using a small amount of smoke at the open doorway. If velocity
measurements are required, a door opening traverse needs to be performed with
the door fully open.
Stairwell pressurization systems typically have a smoke detector at the stair
intake to stop fans should smoke begin to enter from the outside. There must be
a manual override on the system to keep fans operating should a qualified
emergency person determine that the smoke infiltration is minor. Testing of the
override feature should be in the acceptance procedure.
Elevator shaft pressurization systems

Shaft systems may incorporate exhausting of air from the fire floor, pressurization
of elevator lobbies, pressurization of the elevator hoistway or by construction of
smoke tight elevator lobbies with pressurization. The type or combination of
designs will dictate system operation and testing. Elevator recall and the use of
elevators while the shaft or lobby is pressurized will be an integral part of the test
procedure developed.
The piston effect due to car movement on elevator shaft pressurization has been
researched and is discussed in several of the texts referenced in Chapter 1.
There are no recommended tests to determine how shaft pressurization might be
impacted with car movement. Elevator door testing currently assumes a median
value for pressures developed against a door independent of car movement. No
dynamic testing of the shaft pressurization system with car movement is
therefore dictated.
The building system designer must define smoke control sequences for design
and testing and measure and record pressure differences in a manner similar to
those described for stairwells.
Using smoke control input devices, verify the proper activation of the shaft
pressurization system in response to all means of activation, both automatic and
manual, as specified in the contract documents. Where automatic activation is
required in response to alarm signals received from the building smoke control
system, each separate alarm signal should be initiated to ensure that proper
automatic activation occurs.
150
With the elevator shaft pressurization system activated, measure and record the
pressure difference across each shaft or lobby door with all doors closed.
If an elevator door is held open due to recall, measure and record the pressure
difference across each remaining closed door. Use an established procedure to
record data throughout the entire test. The local code and contract documents
should be followed regarding the elevator recall door to be opened or closed for
this test.
With the elevator shaft system activated, determine and record the direction of
airflow through each of the shaft or elevator lobby doors. This can be done by
using a small amount of smoke at the doors.
Additional considerations
Other test methods
The test methods presented in this chapter provide an adequate means to
evaluate a smoke management systems performance. Historically, other test
methods have been used in instances where the authority having jurisdiction
requires additional testing. These test methods have limited value in evaluating
certain system performance, and their validity as a method of testing a smoke
management system is questionable.
As covered in the Chapter 1 of this manual, the dynamics of the fire plume,
buoyancy forces, and stratification are all major critical elements in the design of
the smoke management system. Therefore, to test the system properly, a real
fire condition would be the most appropriate and meaningful test. There are
many valid reasons why such a fire is usually not practical in a completed
building. Open flame or actual fire testing might be dangerous and should not
normally be attempted. Any other test is a compromise. If a test of the smoke
control system for building acceptance is mandated by the authority having
jurisdiction, such a test condition would become the basis of design and might
not in any way simulate any real fire condition. More importantly, it could be a
deception and provide a false sense of security that the smoke control system
would perform adequately in a real fire emergency.
Smoke bomb tests do NOT provide the heat, buoyancy, and entrainment of a
real fire and are NOT useful in evaluating the real performance of the system. A
system designed in accordance with this manual and capable of providing the
intended smoke control might not pass smoke bomb tests. Conversely, it is
possible for a system that is incapable of providing the intended smoke control to
pass smoke bomb tests. Because of the impracticality of conducting real fire
151
tests, the acceptance tests described in this manual are directed to those
aspects of smoke management systems that can be verified and are consistent
with current research and testing in the fire protection field.
Examples of other test methods that have been used with limited effectiveness
are chemical smoke tests, tracer gas tests, and real fire tests.
EST3 SCS owners manual and instructions

Information should be provided to the owner that defines the operation and
maintenance of the smoke control system. Basic instruction on the operation of
the smoke control system should be provided to the owners representatives.
Since the owner may assume beneficial use of the smoke control system upon
completion of acceptance testing, this basic instruction should be completed prior
to acceptance testing and the owners representative who will have a
maintenance responsibility should also be present.
Partial occupancy
Acceptance testing should be performed as a single step when obtaining a
certificate of occupancy. However, if the building is to be completed or occupied
in stages, multiple acceptance tests may have to be conducted in order to obtain
temporary certificates of occupancy.
Modifications
All operational and acceptance tests should be performed on the applicable part
of the system upon system changes and modifications. Documentation should be
updated to reflect changes or modifications.
Periodic testing
During the life of the building, maintenance is essential to ensure that the smoke
control system will perform its intended function under fire conditions. Proper
maintenance of the system should, as a minimum, include the periodic testing of
all smoke control equipment including EST3 SCS controls, initiating devices,
fans, dampers, controls, doors, and windows. The equipment should be
maintained in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations. Refer to
NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating
Systems, for suggested maintenance practices for non-dedicated HVAC and
damper requirements. NFPA 92A, NFPA 92B, and NFPA 72 should be consulted
for smoke control panel testing.
152
These tests should be performed on a periodic basis to determine that the

installed system continues to operate in accordance with the approved design.
The smoke control system should be tested in accordance with the following
schedule by persons who are thoroughly knowledgeable in the operation, testing,
and maintenance of the systems. The results of the tests should be documented
in the operations and maintenance log and made available for inspection.
Dedicated Systems
Weekly: Automatic testing every seven days of dedicated systems will cycle all
components. Automatic tests must be recorded, with failure of any monitored
components noted.
Semiannually: Operate the smoke control system for each control sequence in
the original design and observe the operation of the correct outputs for each
given input. Tests should be conducted under standby power, if applicable.
Non-dedicated Systems
Annually: Operate the smoke control system for each control sequence in the
approved configuration and observe the operation of the correct output for each
given input. Tests should be conducted under standby power, if applicable.
Special arrangements might have to be made for the introduction of large
quantities of outside air into occupied areas or computer centers when outside
temperature and humidity conditions are extreme. Since smoke control systems
override limit controls, such as freezestats, tests should be conducted when
outside air conditions will not cause damage to equipment and systems.
153
154
Glossary
Automatic Control
A system operating in this mode will initiate smoke control

measures without personnel intervention due to a fire detection
system actuation.
Atrium
A large-volume space created by a floor opening or series of

floor openings connecting two or more stories that is covered at
the top of the series of openings and is used for purposes other
than an enclosed stairway, elevator hoistway, escalator
opening, or utility shaft used for plumbing, electrical, airconditioning, or communications facilities.
Buoyancy
The ability or tendency of smoke to rise in air.
Communicating Space
Spaces within a building that have an open pathway to a largevolume space such that smoke from a fire in the communicating
space can move unimpeded into the large-volume space.
Communicating spaces can open directly into the large-volume
space or can connect through open passageways.
Compensated System
A smoke control system where the air injected into a stairwell is

modulated or excess pressure is vented depending upon the
number of doors opened or closed in the stairwell. This keeps
the pressure barrier relatively constant.
Covered Mall
A large-volume space created by a roofed-over common

pedestrian area in a building enclosing a number of tenants and
occupancies. Covered malls may include retail stores, drinking
establishments, entertainment and amusement facilities, offices,
or other similar uses where tenant spaces open onto or directly
communicate with the pedestrian area.
Dedicated System
A smoke control system designed for the sole purpose of

controlling smoke within a building. Equipment is not linked to
the building HVAC system. This is accomplished by installing a
system for air movement that is separate and distinct from the
building's HVAC system and only operates to control smoke.
Firefighter's smoke control

station (FSCS)
Firefighter's smoke control station (FSCS) includes monitoring

and over-riding capability over smoke control systems and
equipment provided at designated locations within the building
for the use of the fire department. Other firefighter's systems not
required for smoke control (voice alarm, public address, fire
department communication, and elevator control and status)
may be at the same location.
155
Glossary
Large-Volume Space
A space, generally two or more stories in height, within which

smoke from a fire either in the space or in a communicating
space can move or accumulate without restriction. Atriums and
covered malls are examples of large-volume spaces.
Manual Control
A smoke control system operates in this state when controls for

the station are changed manually to override automatic control
functions.
Non-compensated System
A smoke control system in which a single speed fan provides

pressurization in a stairwell. Pressure will vary depending upon
the number of doors opened in the stairwell.
Non-dedicated System
A smoke control system that shares components with other air

moving equipment. When the smoke control mode is activated,
the operating of the building's air moving equipment changes in
order to accomplish the objectives of the smoke control design.
Pressurized Stairwell
A type of smoke control system in which stair shafts are

mechanically pressurized with outdoor air to keep smoke from
contaminating them during a fire event.
Separated Spaces
Spaces within a building that are isolated from large-volume

spaces by smoke barriers that do not rely on airflow to restrict
the movement of smoke.
Smoke
The airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases evolved

when a material undergoes pyrolysis or combustion, together
with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise mixed into
the mass.
Smoke Barrier
A membrane, either vertical or horizontal, such as a wall, floor,

or ceiling assembly, that is designed and constructed to restrict
the movement of smoke. A smoke barrier might or might not
have a fire resistance rating.
Smoke control Mode
A predefined operational configuration of a system, zone, or

device for the purpose of smoke control.
Smoke control System(SCS)
An engineered system that uses mechanical fans to produce

airflow and pressure differences across smoke barriers to limit
and direct smoke movement.
Smoke Damper
A UL listed device designed to resist the passage of air or

smoke. Smoke dampers are installed in ducts or smoke barriers
separating floor or smoke zones. A fire barrier constructed to
limit smoke may also serve as a smoke barrier and may use a
combination fire and smoke damper that is also UL listed.
Systems serving more than one floor with a capacity greater
than 15,000 cfm are required by NFPA 90A to have smoke
dampers installed to isolate the air handling equipment,
including filters, to restrict the circulation of smoke.
Smoke Exhaust System
A mechanical or gravity system intended to move smoke from a

smoke zone to the exterior of a building, including smoke
removal, purging, and venting systems, as well as the function
of exhaust fans utilized to reduce the pressure in a smoke zone.
156
Glossary
Smoke Management System
An engineered system that includes all methods that can be

used singly or in combination to modify smoke movement in a
building.
Smoke Proof Enclosure
A continuous stairway which is enclosed from top to bottom by a

2-hour firewall and exits to the exterior of a building. Entry into
the stairway must be through vestibules or outside balconies on
each floor. The design must limit smoke entry and include
ventilation which is natural or mechanical.
Smoke Zone
The smoke control zone in which the fire is located.
Stack Effect
The vertical airflow within buildings caused by the temperaturecreated density differences between the building interior and
exterior or between two interior spaces.
Tenable Environment
An environment in which smoke and heat is limited or otherwise

restricted in order to maintain the impact on occupants to a level
that is not life threatening. In a zoned smoke control system,
pressure differences are used to maintain a tenable
environment in an area intended to protect building occupants
while evacuation is taking place.
Zoned Smoke control
A smoke control system that includes smoke exhaust for the

smoke zone and pressurization for all contiguous smoke control
zones. The remaining smoke control zones in the building also
may be pressurized.
157
Glossary
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EST3 Smoke Management

P/N 270913 REV 04 REB 18JAN13

2013 UTC Fire & Security. All rights reserved.

Edwards, A Division of UTC Fire & Security

Building fire geometry and smoke movement 1

Smoke-control system hardware 51

Smoke control system programming 103

Smoke control acceptance and testing 133

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

EST3 FCC compliance

3-MODCOM FCC compliance

The REN is used to determine the quantity of devices which may be

The telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment,

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

If trouble is experienced with the dialer, for repair or warranty information,

No repairs may be performed on the dialer by the user.

3-MODCOM Industry Canada information

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

Chapter 1: Building fire geometry and smoke movement

Smoke control system components 35

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

Chapter 1: Building fire geometry and smoke movement

Introduction to the fire problem

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

Chapter 1: Building fire geometry and smoke movement

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

Chapter 1: Building fire geometry and smoke movement

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

Chapter 1: Building fire geometry and smoke movement

Hot vapors and gases given off by the burning material

Unburned decomposition and condensation matter (may be light colored to

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

Chapter 1: Building fire geometry and smoke movement

Expansion of the gases as they are heated by the fire

Difference in density of the hot gases above the flames

Cooler air which surrounds the fire

Air movement in a building in non-fire conditions can be caused by three

Location: Paris, France

A fire in a low voltage sub-station in the building's second

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

Chapter 1: Building fire geometry and smoke movement

Location: Seoul Korea

The eighteen-month-old hotel with 21 stories was fully involved

Figure 2: Airflow due to stack effect

Normal stack effect

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

Chapter 1: Building fire geometry and smoke movement

Wind velocity profile

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

Chapter 1: Building fire geometry and smoke movement

Location: New York, New York

A 50-story office building in which a fire started on the 32nd

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

Chapter 1: Building fire geometry and smoke movement

A 72-story office building with a smoke control system installed

Additional contributing factors

EST3 Smoke Management Application Manual

Chapter 1: Building fire geometry and smoke movement