Scribd
Upload
60 views6 pages

Chapter 8: Friction

The document summarizes key concepts about friction from Chapter 8, including the Coulomb friction model for static and kinetic friction, how friction forces oppose relative motion and are proportional to the normal force. It discusses the static and kinetic coefficients of friction (μs and μk), and how the required friction forces must be less than the maximum static friction (Fmax) for equilibrium analysis. Angles of static and kinetic friction are defined. Applications of friction including wedges and threaded screws are covered, analyzing cases where objects are being raised or held in place. Examples are provided for determining forces required to move or hold objects using coefficients of friction.

Uploaded by

Ravi Tilaganji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
60 views6 pages

Chapter 8: Friction

The document summarizes key concepts about friction from Chapter 8, including the Coulomb friction model for static and kinetic friction, how friction forces oppose relative motion and are proportional to the normal force. It discusses the static and kinetic coefficients of friction (μs and μk), and how the required friction forces must be less than the maximum static friction (Fmax) for equilibrium analysis. Angles of static and kinetic friction are defined. Applications of friction including wedges and threaded screws are covered, analyzing cases where objects are being raised or held in place. Examples are provided for determining forces required to move or hold objects using coefficients of friction.

Uploaded by

Ravi Tilaganji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Tuesday, November 17, 2009

10:53 PM

Chapter 8: Friction
8.1 - 8.2 Coulomb Friction Model
Thus far we have been considering problems in equilibrium without friction.
In reality, friction is always present between any two surfaces in contact
which may be moving with respect to each other or impending to move.
There are two types of friction: Coulomb friction (dry) and fluid friction.
Fluid friction applies to lubricated mechanisms. The present discussion is
limited to dry friction between nonlubricated surfaces.
Consider the block resting on a flat surface:

Static Friction

Kinetic Friction

Fstatic Fmax = s  Fkinetic = k 

ote: Friction forces are


 Always opposes relative motion between two surfaces.
 Limited in magnitude and will not prevent motion if sufficiently large forces are applied.
 Dependent on type and condition of contact surfaces
 Proportional to the normal force
 Independent of contact area

No friction,
(Px = 0)

No motion,
(Px < Fm)

Motion impending,
(Px = Fm)

CE297-FA09-Ch8 Page 1

Motion,
(Px > Fm)

Tuesday, November 17, 2009


11:01 PM

8.3 - 8.4 Angles of Friction; Dry Friction


The frictional force between two surfaces can also be expressed as an angle.
- the angle that the resultant makes with direction of the normal force.

tan s =

Fm s 
=



tan s = s

tan k =

Fk k 
=



tan k = k

Another way to visualize the angles of static and kinetic friction is with a block resting on an incline.

No friction

No motion

Motion
impending

Motion

For problems involving Friction:


 Assume equilibrium and draw FBD including the required friction forces for equilibrium.
 Check if the required friction forces are less than Fmax (Static).
If less => analysis correct; DONE.
If more => equilibrium does NOT hold; REDO with kinetic friction and DYNAMICS.

CE297-FA09-Ch8 Page 2

Read Examples 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3.


Exercise 8.10
s = 0.25 and
K = 0.20
Find the force required to pull the belt
 to the left
 to the right.

CE297-FA09-Ch8 Page 3

Monday, November 30, 2009


9:07 AM

8.5 - 8.6 Wedges and Threaded Screws

Wedges are used to make small adjustments in height for heavy objects.
The force required to lift the object is usually much smaller than its weight.
The force required to lower the object is even smaller.
Wedges are usually self-locking i.e. upon the removal of the force P, the
wedge stays in place.
Consider the FBD of the block and the wedge for different cases:
Case (I) Raising the block:

Case (II) Block under self weight and self-locking wedge:

Read Example 8.4


Exercise 8.48 & 8.49
Determine P.
s = 0.3

CE297-FA09-Ch8 Page 4

Wednesday, December 02, 2009


11:32 AM

Square Threaded Screws

Square-threaded screws frequently used in jacks, presses, etc.


Analysis similar to block on inclined plane.
Recall friction force does not depend on area of contact.

Imagine the socket in the" base" of the figure as a spiral ramp.


Think of one revolution of the thread block in the spiral:

Moment of force P is equal to moment of


force Q about the shaft of the screw:

Qr = Pa
Q = Pa r

Impending motion
upwards. Solve for
Q.

s > , Self-locking, solve


for Q to lower load.

Moment of force Q is equal to moment of force P.


Thus solve for Q and calculate the sequined P by:

CE297-FA09-Ch8 Page 5

s > , Non-locking, solve


for Q to hold load.

Qr = Pa

Saturday, December 05, 2009


3:56 PM

Read example 8.5.


Exercise 8.67
Worm gear AB has mean radius 1.5 in. and a lead of 0.375in.
s = 0. 12
Determine the couple-moment that must be applied to the
shaft AB to rotate the big gear counter clockwise.

CE297-FA09-Ch8 Page 6

You might also like