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V-Notch Experiment

1) The objective is to measure open channel flow using a V-notch weir and observe a hydraulic jump. 2) Apparatus includes a hydraulic bench, hook gauge, open channel, V-notch weir, and stopwatch. 3) Week 1 involves taking flow rate and head measurements at the V-notch weir for different discharges. Week 2 involves measuring depths and locations for a hydraulic jump formed downstream of a sluice gate.

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Kheshav Jhundoo
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1K views5 pages

V-Notch Experiment

1) The objective is to measure open channel flow using a V-notch weir and observe a hydraulic jump. 2) Apparatus includes a hydraulic bench, hook gauge, open channel, V-notch weir, and stopwatch. 3) Week 1 involves taking flow rate and head measurements at the V-notch weir for different discharges. Week 2 involves measuring depths and locations for a hydraulic jump formed downstream of a sluice gate.

Uploaded by

Kheshav Jhundoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CEE 370 Environmental Engineering Principles

Open Channel Flow Laboratory


Fall 2010
Objective: The objective of this experiment is to measure the flow of fluid through open
channels using a V-notch weir and a hydraulic jump.
Apparatus: The apparatus consists of the following equipment, manufactured by G. Cussons,
Limited, of Great Britain, and maintained in Marston 10:
Hydraulic bench (P. 6100)
Hook gauge and scale (P. 6107)
Rectangular open channel (P. 6245)
90 degree () V-notch weir
Stop watch and scale
Procedure: Week 1 - Note the water temperature in the hydraulic bench. The cross sectional
area of the drainage canal approaching the weir should be noted and referred to the datum
elevation of the hook gauge. Also measure the angle subtended by the V-notch weir and the
datum elevation of the hook gauge, as well as the plan area of the low and high flow regions in
the stepped measuring tank of the hydraulic bench. Establish a low recirculating flow in the
bench by turning the pump on and maintaining a low setting on the rheostat, with the measuring
tank drain open. The discharge should be sufficient to create a free jet through the V-notch weir.
Observe the progression of flow through the drainage canal, V-notch weir, and into the
measuring tank and sump. Record the water surface elevation in the drainage canal using the
hook gauge and time the discharge into the measuring tank. Repeat the head and flow
measurements for the given discharge, establishing a replicate experiment for this flow rate.
Increase the discharge for two more values. Make replicate measurements for each new flow, so
that you'll have a total of 3 replicated flows for the V-notch weir experiment. Turn off the pump
and open the measuring tank drain to close this first session of the laboratory.
Week 2 Measure the width of the open channel and the opening under the sluice gate.
Carefully turn on the pump and establish a subcritical depth y1 upstream of the sluice gate
(without flooding the lab), a supercritical jet of depth y2 downstream of the sluice gate, a
hydraulic jump, and a downstream subcritical depth y3. Note the progression of flow from the
inlet section of the flume, through the sluice gate, through the exit gate, and into the hydraulic
bench measuring tank. Measure the discharge into the tank with a stopwatch and sightglass. Use
a scale and a hook gauge to measure y1, y2, and y3. Measure the downstream locations of the
sluice gate, start of the hydraulic jump and end of the hydraulic jump. Turn off the pump and
open the measuring tank drain when you're through.
Theory: Use the conservation of mass and energy through a streamtube to derive the following
expression for the V-notch weir discharge Q

ce360l1.doc

Q = CD

CD =

g tan( )H 2
2

8 2
15

(1a)

(theoretical)

(1b)

with gravitational acceleration g, head H above the base of the notch, and discharge coefficient
CD The theoretical value represented by Eq. (1b) precludes losses, upstream kinetic energy, and
jet contraction. Neat, handwritten calculations are appropriate, with inclusion of a control
volume sketch. State all assumptions.
Data Analysis: Estimate observed values for CD and the open channel Reynolds number
(defined in class, based on upstream section) for the 3 discharges of the V-notch weir. Compute
the approach kinetic energy KEAP and the total approach energy H+KEAP for the weir.
Compute the approach, jet, and exit Froude numbers Fr1, Fr2, and Fr3 for the jump.
Compute the power dissipated across the hydraulic jump and the magnitude of the sluice gate
force FEXT. Compute the discharge per unit width q.
Results and Discussion: Refer to the general laboratory handout for overall content of this
section. Do the observed CD values agree with the text values (Eq. 10-60)? Why would you
expect CD observed to be less than the theoretical Eq. (1b)? Does CD vary with Reynolds
number? What fraction of the approach organized energy is kinetic?

Verify the sub or supercriticality of the three open channel flow regions. Where are the
controls located for y1, y2, and y3?
What fraction of the approach energy is dissipated across the jump? What is the ratio y2 to
the sluice gate opening? How does it compare with the text value (Eq. 10.41)?
Compare the observed y2 and y3 values with predicted values and comment.
Manually prepare a scaled plot of the the energy and hydraulic grade lines of the open
channel, using the bottom as datum. Note that the hydraulic grade line coincides with the
free surface. Plot the critical depth on the diagram, and comment on its value relative to y1,
y2, and y3.

ce360l1.doc

Prepare a scaled plot of energy vs depth for the given q, and align it with your grade lines as
we did in class. Use the plot to estimate (graphically) the energy dissipated across the jump.
Compare your graphical estimate with the computed value. How does critical depth
characterize the scaled energy vs depth plot?

ce360l1.doc

Open Channel Flow Laboratory Week 1 Data Sheet


Fall 2010
Lab Group:

Name:

Date:
V Notch Weir

T, deg C

Approach width, cm

Weir Angle, deg

Hook gage datum

Area high Q section, cm2

Area low Q, cm2

Replicate
1
2
3

, cm

t, s

Low flow
Q, cm3/s

Replicate
1
2
3

, cm

t, s

Mid flow
Q, cm3/s

H, cm

CD

Replicate
1
2
3

, cm

t, s

High flow
Q, cm3/s

H, cm

CD

ce360l1.doc

H, cm

CD

Open Channel Flow Laboratory Week 2 Data Sheet


Fall 2010
Lab Group:

Name:

Date:
Hydraulic Jump and Sluice Gate

Channel width, cm

Sluice gate opening, cm

Channel depth y1, cm

Channel depth y2, cm

Jump start xSTART, cm

Jump end xEND, cm

Q, cm3/s

ce360l1.doc

Channel depth y3, cm


xGATE, cm

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