General Description matched transistor pair. In many cases, trimming can be eliminated entirely, improving reliability and decreasing costs. Additionally, the low noise and high gain make this device attractive even where matching is not critical. The LM194 and LM394/LM394B/LM394C are available in an isolated header 6-lead TO-5 metal can package. The LM394/LM394B/LM394C are available in an 8-pin plastic dual-in-line package. The LM194 is identical to the LM394 except for tighter electrical specifications and wider temperature range.
Y Y Y Y
Features
Emitter-base voltage matched to 50 mV
Offset voltage drift less than 0.1 mV/ C Current gain (hFE) matched to 2% Common-mode rejection ratio greater than 120 dB Parameters guaranteed over 1 mA to 1 mA collector current Extremely low noise Superior logging characteristics compared to conventional pairs Plug-in replacement for presently available devices
et
The LM194 and LM394 are junction isolated ultra wellmatched monolithic NPN transistor pairs with an order of magnitude improvement in matching over conventional transistor pairs. This was accomplished by advanced linear processing and a unique new device structure. Electrical characteristics of these devices such as drift versus initial offset voltage, noise, and the exponential relationship of base-emitter voltage to collector current closely approach those of a theoretical transistor. Extrinsic emitter and base resistances are much lower than presently available pairs, either monolithic or discrete, giving extremely low noise and theoretical operation over a wide current range. Most parameters are guaranteed over a current range of 1 mA to 1 mA and 0V up to 40V collector-base voltage, ensuring superior performance in nearly all applications. To guarantee long term stability of matching parameters, internal clamp diodes have been added across the emitterbase junction of each transistor. These prevent degradation due to reverse biased emitter currentthe most common cause of field failures in matched devices. The parasitic isolation junction formed by the diodes also clamps the substrate region to the most negative emitter to ensure complete isolation between devices. The LM194 and LM394 will provide a considerable improvement in performance in most applications requiring a closely
Y Y
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Typical Applications
Low Cost Accurate Squaring Circuit
IOUT e 10b6 (VIN)2
Low Cost Accurate Square Root Circuit
IOUT e 10b5. 010 VIN
TL/H/9241 2 TL/H/9241 1
*Trim for full scale accuracy
C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation
TL/H/9241
RRD-B30M115/Printed in U. S. A.
LM194/LM394 Supermatch Pair
December 1994
Absolute Maximum Ratings
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/Distributors for availability and specifications. (Note 4) Collector Current 20 mA Collector-Emitter Voltage VMAX Collector-Emitter Voltage LM394C Collector-Base Voltage LM394C Collector-Substrate Voltage LM394C Collector-Collector Voltage LM394C
Base-Emitter Current
g 10 mA
Power Dissipation
500 mW
Junction Temperature LM194 LM394/LM394B/LM394C
b 55 C to a 125 C b 25 C to a 85 C b 65 C to a 150 C
Storage Temperature Range
Soldering Information Metal Can Package (10 sec.) Dual-In-Line Package (10 sec.) Small Outline Package Vapor Phase (60 sec.) Infrared (15 sec.)
35V 20V 35V 20V 35V 20V 35V 20V
260 C 260 C 215 C 220 C
See AN-450 Surface Mounting and their Effects on Product Reliability for other methods of soldering surface mount devices.
Electrical Characteristics (TJ e 25 C)
Current Gain (hFE)
Current Gain Match,
(hFE Match) 100 [DIB] [hFE(MIN)] e
VCB e 0V to VMAX (Note 1)
IC e 1 mA IC e 100 mA IC e 10 mA IC e 1 mA VCB e 0V to VMAX IC e 10 mA to 1 mA IC e 1 mA
Typ
350 350 300 200
700 550 450 300
LM394
Max
Min 300 250 200 150
Typ
LM394B/394C
Max
700 550 450 300
Min
Typ
225 200 150 100
500 400 300 200
0.5 1.0
0.5 1.0
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IC
Min
Units
LM194
Conditions
Max
et
Parameter
1.0 2.0
% %
VCB e 0 IC e 1 mA to 1 mA
Change in Emitter-Base Offset Voltage vs Collector-Base Voltage (CMRR)
(Note 1) IC e 1 mA to 1 mA, VCB e 0V to VMAX
Change in Emitter-Base Offset Voltage vs Collector Current
VCB e 0V, IC e 1 mA to 0.3 mA
Emitter-Base Offset Voltage Temperature Drift
IC e 10 mA to 1 mA (Note 2) IC1 e IC2 VOS Trimmed to 0 at 25 C
Logging Conformity
IC e 3 nA to 300 mA, VCB e 0, (Note 3)
150
Collector-Base Leakage
VCB e VMAX
0.05
0.25
0.05
0.5
0.05
0.5
nA
Collector-Collector Leakage
VCC e VMAX
0.1
2.0
0.1
5.0
0.1
5.0
nA
Input Voltage Noise
IC e 100 mA, VCB e 0V,
f e 100 Hz to 100 kHz
1.8
1.8
1.8
nV/0Hz
Collector to Emitter Saturation Voltage
IC e 1 mA, IB e 10 mA IC e 1 mA, IB e 100 mA
0.2 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.2 0.1
V V
Emitter-Base Offset Voltage
25
100
25
150
50
200
mV
10
25
10
50
10
100
mV
25
50
50
mV
0.08
0.3
0.08
1.0
0.2
1.5
mV/ C
0.03
0.1
0.03
0.3
0.03
0.5
mV/ C
150
150
mV
Note 1: Collector-base voltage is swept from 0 to VMAX at a collector current of 1 mA, 10 mA, 100 mA, and 1 mA. Note 2: Offset voltage drift with VOS e 0 at TA e 25 C is valid only when the ratio of IC1 to IC2 is adjusted to give the initial zero offset. This ratio must be held to within 0.003% over the entire temperature range. Measurements taken at a 25 C and temperature extremes. Note 3: Logging conformity is measured by computing the best fit to a true exponential and expressing the error as a base-emitter voltage deviation. Note 4: Refer to RETS194X drawing of military LM194H version for specifications.
Typical Applications (Continued)
Fast, Accurate Logging Amplifier, VIN e 10V to 0.1 mV or IIN e 1 mA to 10 nA
TL/H/9241 3
*1 kX ( g 1%) at 25 C, a 3500 ppm/ C.
Available from Vishay Ultronix, Grand Junction, CO, Q81 Series.
#V J VIN
REF
VOUT e b log10
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et
Voltage Controlled Variable Gain Amplifier
TL/H/9241 4
*R8R10 and D2 provide a temperature
independent gain control. G e b 336 V1 (dB)
Distortion k 0.1% Bandwidth l 1 MHz 100 dB gain range
Typical Applications (Continued)
Precision Low Drift Operational Amplifier
Common-mode range 10V
IBIAS 25 nA IOS 0.5 nA
et
VOS (untrimmed) 125 mV
(DVOS/DT) 0.2 mV/C
CMRR 120 dB
AVOL 2,500,000
*C C
200 pF for unity gain
30 pF for AV 10 5 pF for AV 100
0 pF for AV 1000
TL/H/9241 5
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High Accuracy One Quadrant Multiplier/Divider
TL/H/9241 6
VOUT e
(X) (Y) ; positive inputs only. (Z)
*Typical linearity 0.1%
Typical Applications (Continued)
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High Performance Instrumentation Amplifier
*Gain e
106 RS
TL/H/9241 7
Performance Characteristics
Linearity of Gain ( g 10V Output)
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (60 Hz) Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (1 kHz) Power Supply Rejection Ratio a Supply b Supply Bandwidth ( b 3 dB) Slew Rate Offset Voltage Drift** Common-Mode Input Resistance Differential Input Resistance
G e 10,000 G e 1,000 G e 100 G e 10
s 0.01 s 0.01 s 0.02 s 0.05 t 120 t 120 t 110 t 90 t 110 t 110 t 90 t 70 l 110 l 110
50 0.3 s 0.25 l 109 l 3 x 108
Input Referred Noise (100 Hz s f s 10 kHz)
Input Bias Current
Input Offset Current Common-Mode Range Output Swing (RL e 10 kX) **Assumes s 5 ppm/ C tracking of resistors
75 1.5 g 11 g 13
l 110
l 110
l 110
l 110
l 90
l 70
% dB dB
dB dB 50 50 50 kHz 0.3 0.3 0.3 V/ms s 0.4 s 10 mV/ C 2 l 109 l 109 l 109 X l 3 x 108 l 3 x 108 l 3 x 108 X nV 6 12 70 0Hz 75 75 75 nA 1.5 1.5 1.5 nA g 11 g 11 g 10 V g 13 g 13 g 13 V
Typical Performance Characteristics
DC Current Gain vs Temperature
Unity Gain Frequency (ft) vs
Collector Current
Offset Voltage Drift vs Initial
Offset Voltage
Base-Emitter On Voltage vs Collector Current
Small Signal Input
Resistance (hie) vs Collector Current
Small Signal Output Conductance
vs Collector Current
Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage vs Collector Current
Input Voltage Noise vs
Frequency
Base Current Noise
vs Frequency
Noise Figure vs Collector Current
Collector to Collector Capacitance vs Reverse Bias Voltage
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et
Small Signal Current Gain vs
Collector Current
TL/H/9241 8
Typical Performance Characteristics
(Continued)
Emitter-Base Capacitance vs Reverse Bias Voltage
Collector-Base Capacitance vs Reverse Bias Voltage
Collector-Base Leakage vs Temperature
Collector to Collector Leakage
vs Temperature
Offset Voltage Long Term
Stability at High Temperature
et
Collector to Collector Capacitance
vs Collector-Substrate Voltage
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Emitter-Base Log Conformity
TL/H/9241 10
Low Frequency Noise of Differential Pair*
TL/H/9241 11
*Unit must be in still air environment so that differential
lead temperature is held to less than 0.0003 C.
TL/H/9241 9
Connection Diagrams Dual-In-Line and Small Outline Packages
Metal Can Package
TL/H/9241 12 TL/H/9241 13
Top View
Top View
Order Number LM194H/883*,
LM394H, LM394BH or LM394CH See NS Package Number H06C
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et
Order Number LM394N or LM394CN
See NS Package Number N08E
*Available per SMD 5962-8777701
et
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)
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Metal Can Package (H)
Order Number LM194H/883, LM394H, LM394BH or LM394CH NS Package Number H06C
Order Number LM394CN or LM394N NS Package Number N08E
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