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    Physics 211 Lab 2

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    Cortez Vaughan
    1) The document describes an experiment to test the theoretical behavior of a simple pendulum through developing procedures to systematically test characteristics derived from Newton's second law of motion, including that the pendulum period is independent of mass and amplitude for small angles, and the square of the period is proportional to the length of the pendulum. 2) The objectives are to demonstrate period independence of mass, confirm the relationship between period and string length to measure gravity with errors, and validate period independence of amplitude for angles less than 20 degrees. 3) Equipment used includes a stopwatch, spherical weights, a meter stick, string, and protractor to study how a pendulum's period relates to its length, mass, and

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    Physics 211 Lab 2

    Uploaded by

    Cortez Vaughan
    261 views2 pages
    1) The document describes an experiment to test the theoretical behavior of a simple pendulum through developing procedures to systematically test characteristics derived from Newton's second law of motion, including that the pendulum period is independent of mass and amplitude for small angles, and the square of the period is proportional to the length of the pendulum. 2) The objectives are to demonstrate period independence of mass, confirm the relationship between period and string length to measure gravity with errors, and validate period independence of amplitude for angles less than 20 degrees. 3) Equipment used includes a stopwatch, spherical weights, a meter stick, string, and protractor to study how a pendulum's period relates to its length, mass, and

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    Lab 2 for PHYS211

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    1) The document describes an experiment to test the theoretical behavior of a simple pendulum through developing procedures to systematically test characteristics derived from Newton's second law of motion, including that the pendulum period is independent of mass and amplitude for small angles, and the square of the period is proportional to the length of the pendulum. 2) The objectives are to demonstrate period independence of mass, confirm the relationship between period and string length to measure gravity with errors, and validate period independence of amplitude for angles less than 20 degrees. 3) Equipment used includes a stopwatch, spherical weights, a meter stick, string, and protractor to study how a pendulum's period relates to its length, mass, and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    261 views2 pages

    Physics 211 Lab 2

    Uploaded by

    Cortez Vaughan
    1) The document describes an experiment to test the theoretical behavior of a simple pendulum through developing procedures to systematically test characteristics derived from Newton's second law of motion, including that the pendulum period is independent of mass and amplitude for small angles, and the square of the period is proportional to the length of the pendulum. 2) The objectives are to demonstrate period independence of mass, confirm the relationship between period and string length to measure gravity with errors, and validate period independence of amplitude for angles less than 20 degrees. 3) Equipment used includes a stopwatch, spherical weights, a meter stick, string, and protractor to study how a pendulum's period relates to its length, mass, and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Simple Pendulum Experiment

    Phys211 Lab 2
    The primary goal of this lab is to design a systematic experimental study of the theoretical
    behavior of a simple pendulum. Your lab group will develop a set of procedures that will
    appropriately test the following assumed characteristics as derived from applying Newtons 2nd
    law of motion.
    1) The pendulum period is independent of mass
    2) The pendulum period is independent of amplitude for small angles
    3) The square of the period is proportional to the length of pendulum

    Experimental Objectives
    Below is a list of the primary objectives for this lab, however your lab group must work together
    and decide on a single set of procedures that will systematically achieve these goals.
    1) Demonstrate pendulum motion is independent of mass.
    2) Confirm the relationship between the string length and the period for small angles. This
    objective should yield a measurement of g (acceleration of gravity) with errors. Plot T2 versus
    length L and fit the data to a straight line
    3) For angles less than 20 degrees, validate period independence of the amplitude.

    Equipment
    In this lab, we will used a stop watch, a set of spherical weights with different densities, a meter
    stick, string and protractor mount for angle measurements. Standard vertical and horizontal
    supports will be available.

    Background
    Galileo's work on pendulums in the early 1600s is generally regarded as the beginning of
    experimental physics. A simple pendulum consists of an object with mass m hanging at the end
    of a string of length L. As we have learn the differential equation describing the motion is the
    following

    d 2 g
    + sin = 0
    dt 2 L
    This is a non-linear differential equation and is non-trivial to solve. Since m does not appear in
    the equation, it cannot appear in the general solution consequently the period T of the pendulum
    is independent of m for all angles. The period T does depend on the amplitude of motion for
    large angles. We will use the symbol 0 for the amplitude (maximum value of ). The exact
    solution for the period T can be written as an infinite series in 0, and the first three terms of the
    solution are

    T = 2

    L
    1 2
    11 4

    0 + L
    1 + 0 +
    g 16
    3072

    If the amplitude of motion of the swinging pendulum is small, we can make the approximation

    sin

    In this small angle regime the differential equation of motion becomes

    d 2 g
    + =0
    dt 2 L
    and the pendulum behaves as a simple harmonic oscillator, with the period T of the pendulum is
    given by

    T = 2

    L
    g

    Therefore for small angles the period is independent of amplitude as observed by Galileo.

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