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Different Select Statements in SAP ABAP

Different Select Statements in SAP ABAP

Tutorial Details
Tutorial Name

Different Select Statements in SAP ABAP

Different types of select statements used in SAP ABAP programming to
Tutorial Description
read data from database table.
Tutorial Area
Core ABAP
Prerequisites
ABAP
Learning Level
Basic
Estimated Time to
45
learn
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Step1 : Using Select * in SAP ABAP

Step2 : Using Select Single in SAP ABAP

Step3 : Using Select Max in SAP ABAP

Step4 : Using Select Min in SAP ABAP

Step5 : Using Select UP TO in SAP ABAP

Step6 : Using Select Distinct in SAP ABAP

Step7 : Using Select Order by in SAP ABAP

Step8 : Using Wildcards in Selects

Step1:Using Select * in SAP ABAP Important

Select * is a statement which is used to read whole data from a database table.The below is the
example code for reading data from MARA table.
**Declare internal table
DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.
*use select * to read data
SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA .

The below example code is used to get data based on a condition with all fields(columns) from
MARA table.
**Declare internal table
DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.
* read data
SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA WHERE MTART = 'FERT' .

Step2:Using Select Single in SAP ABAP Normal

Select Single is a statement which is used to read single data from a database table.The below is
the example code for reading single record from MARA table.
Note: When ever we use select single, we must pass key field in where condition.
**Declare internal table
DATA : WA_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.
*use select * to read data
SELECT SINGLE * FROM MARA INTO WA_MARA WHERE MATNR = '000001'. .

Step3:Using Select Max in SAP ABAP Important

By using this query we can get highest numeric value of a column in SAP Database tables.
Syntax:

SELECT MAX( <COLUMNNAME> ) INTO (<VARIABLE>) FROM <TABLE> .

Get Maximum value of a column using Select Max

The below statement will get the maximum value of column LIFNR from LFA1 table.
DATA LV_MAX TYPE LIFNR.
SELECT MAX( LIFNR )
INTO (LV_MAX)
FROM LIFNR .
WRITE:/ LV_MAX.

Step4:Using Select Min in SAP ABAP Important

By using this query we can get minimum value of a column in SAP database table.
Syntax: SELECT MIN( <column> )
INTO (<variable>)
FROM <table>.

Get Minimum Value of a column in SAP ABAP

The below query will get the minimum value of LIFNR (Vendor Account No) from LFA1 table.
DATA LV_MIN TYPE LIFNR.
SELECT MIN( LIFNR )
INTO (LV_MIN)
FROM LFA1 .
WRITE:/ LV_MIN.

Step5:Using Select UP TO in SAP ABAP Normal

BY using Select Up To query we will get the specific no of records from a data base table, it will
get records from starting(begining).
Syntax:select * FROM <TABLE> INTO TABLE <ITAB> UP TO <NUMBEROFROWS> rows.

Get specific number of rows (records) from a database table in SAP ABAP.
data : it_mara type TABLE OF mara.
**Get 50 rows form starting
select * FROM mara INTO TABLE it_mara UP TO 50 rows.

Step6:Using Select Distinct in SAP ABAP Normal

Select Distinct is used to get distinct (unique) values of a particular column in SAP ABAP.
Syntax: SELECT DISTINCT <COULMN> FROM <TABLE> INTO TABLE <ITAB>.

The below example is used to get distinct material type values from MARA table.
REPORT ZSAPN_SELECT_DISTINCT .
TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_MARA,
MTART TYPE MARA-MTART,
END OF TY_MARA.
DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF TY_MARA.
DATA : WA_MARA TYPE TY_MARA.

SELECT DISTINCT MTART FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA.

LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.
WRITE:/ WA_MARA-MTART.
ENDLOOP.

Step7:Using Select Order by in SAP ABAP Important

SELECT ORDERBY is used to fetch data from database table with sorted result set, by default
the result will be sorted in ascending order, to sort in descending order you have to specify
Syntax: SELECT * FROM <TABLE> INTO TABLE <ITAB> ORDER BY <COLUMN>
ASCENDING/DESCENDING.

The below is the example program of using orderby with select in SAP ABAP.

*example1 Sort in ASCENDING ORDER

REPORT ZSAPN_SORT_ASCENDING .
DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.
DATA : WA_MARA TYPE MARA.
SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA ORDER BY MATNR ASCENDING.
LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.
WRITE:/ WA_MARA-MATNR.ENDLOOP.
*example2 Sort in DESCENDING ORDER
REPORT ZSAPN_SORT_ASCENDING .
DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.
DATA : WA_MARA TYPE MARA.
SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA ORDER BY MATNR DESCENDING.
LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.
WRITE:/ WA_MARA-MATNR.
ENDLOOP.

The above statement is educational purpose only, in your real-time projects don`t use SELECT
ORDERBY, it decreases performance of a program, instead use SORT after fetching data.SORT
<ITAB> ASCENDING/DESCENDING.

Step8:Using Wildcards in Selects Normal

SQL Wildcards are used to search for data in a database table, below are the examples of using
wildcards in SAP ABAP.
The below example will get all records from MARA where MATNR contains 11.
REPORT ZSAPN_WILDCARDS.
DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.
DATA : WA_MARA TYPE MARA.
SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA WHERE matnr LIKE '%11%'.
LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.
WRITE:/ WA_MARA-MATNR.
ENDLOOP.

The below example will get all records from MARA where MATNR ends with 11.
REPORT ZSAPN_WILDCARDS.

DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.

DATA : WA_MARA TYPE MARA.
SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA WHERE matnr LIKE '%11'.
LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.
WRITE:/ WA_MARA-MATNR.
ENDLOOP.

The below example will get all records from MARA where MATNR starts 11.
REPORT ZSAPN_WILDCARDS.
DATA : IT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF MARA.
DATA : WA_MARA TYPE MARA.
SELECT * FROM MARA INTO TABLE IT_MARA WHERE matnr LIKE '11%'.
LOOP AT IT_MARA INTO WA_MARA.
WRITE:/ WA_MARA-MATNR.
ENDLOOP.

Author | Ashok Kumar Last Updated| 10 Jan 2014 | 11 Comments | Share

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Tutorial Comments
Total Comments: Add your Comment
Aabid
30 Apr 2014
Quite informative... Thanks for the tutorial.
suresh
06 May 2014
Hi , Can I get some full ALV Grid reports in SD , MM
Mir Nusrath ALi
15 May 2014
Cool examples, thanks for your effort.
kanaga
30 Jun 2014
Very useful to learn...thank you....:)
Aditya
14 Jul 2014

Thank you for providing the details in a spoon feed method.

Hoosen
29 Aug 2014
consider statement below: SELECT SUM( TSL01 ) FROM glt0 INTO gv_erlos WHERE rldnr =
'00' AND rrcty = '0' AND rvers = '001' AND bukrs = wa_zfeecalc_pay-dbukrs AND ryear = sydatum 0(4) AND racct = '11001' AND rbusa = wa_zfeecalc_pay-dbukrs. here i am summing
values in column TSL01 which corresponds to period 1. however i want to dynamically detemine
the appropriate column TSL?? depending on the current period, i.e. if we are in period 01 then
select TSl01, if we are in period 02, then select TSL02. the current period is input by the user in
the selection screen. this is the code: lv_period = p_period. " p_period is a user entered parameter
value CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT' " to add leading spaces with
'0'. if user entered '2', then result is '02'. number of '0' to add is " determined by the size lv_period
EXPORTING input = lv_monat IMPORTING output = lv_monat. CONCATENATE 'TSL'
lv_monat INTO lv_select. " if for period 2, then result is TSL02 so, the select statement should
be: SELECT SUM( lv_select ) FROM glt0 INTO gv_erlos WHERE rldnr = '00' AND rrcty = '0'
AND rvers = '001' AND bukrs = wa_zfeecalc_pay-dbukrs AND ryear = sy-datum 0(4) AND
racct = '11001' AND rbusa = wa_zfeecalc_pay-dbukrs. however abap complains! does anyone
know how to fix this?
Nirmal Arunjunai
02 Sep 2014
Good ................................................
Udai Kiran L
17 Sep 2014
Hello, I'm new to SAP ABAP, can anyone explain me the following.... Types : begin of st_emp,
empna(10) type c, empno(10) type c. end of st_emp. What is this above portion called and whats
the need for declaring types and data. Data: IT_emp type standard table of ST_emp. ( Can
anyone explain me this part)
santosh kumar dalai
23 Sep 2014
thnaku for giving this information... its helpful a lot...
santosh kumar dalai
23 Sep 2014
thnaku for giving this information... its helpful a lot...
Rahul
15 Oct 2014

Hi Good examples. select statements should very carefully also. through secondary index
fetching should be also added here.

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