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Science IX

This document outlines the course structure and content for Class 9 Science in India. It covers 6 broad themes: Food, Materials, The World of the Living, Motion, Force and Work, and Our Environment. The course aims to develop cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities in students. It exposes them to scientific processes like observation and experimentation. The curriculum focuses on developing abstraction and quantitative reasoning skills. It introduces concepts of atoms, molecules, Newton's laws of motion and more. 15 practical experiments are listed to complement the theoretical lessons. Student evaluation includes a written test and a practical examination.

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Sudhakar R
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359 views5 pages

Science IX

This document outlines the course structure and content for Class 9 Science in India. It covers 6 broad themes: Food, Materials, The World of the Living, Motion, Force and Work, and Our Environment. The course aims to develop cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities in students. It exposes them to scientific processes like observation and experimentation. The curriculum focuses on developing abstraction and quantitative reasoning skills. It introduces concepts of atoms, molecules, Newton's laws of motion and more. 15 practical experiments are listed to complement the theoretical lessons. Student evaluation includes a written test and a practical examination.

Uploaded by

Sudhakar R
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCIENCE (Code No.

086 / 090) CLASS IX

The subject of Science plays an important role in developing in children well-


defined abilities in cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. It
augments the spirit of enquiry, creativity, objectivity and aesthetic
sensibility. Whereas the upper primary stage demands that plentiful
opportunities should be provided to the students to engage them with the
processes of science like observing, recording observations, drawing,
tabulation, plotting graphs etc., the secondary stage expects abstraction and
quantitative reasoning to occupy a more central place in the
teaching and learning of Science. Thus, the idea of atoms and molecules
being the building blocks of matter makes its appearance, as does Newton's
law of Gravitation.

The present syllabus has been designed around six broad themes viz. Food,
Materials, the world of the living, how things work, moving things, people
and ideas, natural phenomenon and natural resources. Special care has been
taken to avoid temptation of adding too many concepts than can be
comfortably learnt in the given time frame. No attempt has been made to be
comprehensive.

At this stage, while science is still a common subject, the disciplines of


Physics, Chemistry and Biology begin to emerge. The students should be
exposed to experiences as well as modes of reasoning that are typical of the
subject.

COURSE STRUCTURE
(THEORY)
One Paper Time : 2½ hours. Marks : 60
Unit Marks
I. Food 05
II. Matter - Its nature and behavior 15
III. Organization in living world 13
IV. Motion, Force and Work 20
V. Our Environment 07
Total 60

Theme : Food (10 Periods)


Unit 1 : Food
Plant and animal breeding and selection for quality improvement and
management ; use of fertilizers, manures; protection from pests and
diseases; organic farming.

Theme : Materials (50 Periods)


Unit 2 : Matter - Nature and behaviour
Definition of matter; solid, liquid and gas; characteristics - shape, volume,
density; change of state-melting (absorption of heat), freezing, evaporation
(Cooling by evaporation), condensation, sublimation.

Nature of matter : Elements, compounds and mixtures. Heterogenous and


homogenous mixtures, colloids and suspensions.
Particle nature, basic units : atoms and molecules. Law of constant
proportions. Atomic and molecular masses.

Mole Concept : Relationship of mole to mass of the particles and numbers.


Valency. Chemical formula of common compounds.

Structure of atom : Electrons, protons and neutrons; Isotopes and isobars.

Theme : The World of the living (45 Periods)


Unit 3 : Organization in the living world.
Biological Diversity : Diversity of plants and animals - basic issues in
scientific naming, basis of classification.

Hierarchy of categories / groups, Major groups of plants (salient features)


(Bacteria, Thalophyta, Bryo phyta,Pteridophyta, gymnosperms and
Angiosperms). Major groups of animals (salient features) (Non-chordates
upto phyla and chordates upto classes).

Cell - Basic Unit of life : Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell
organelles; chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, ER, golgi apparatus; nucleus,
chromosomes - basic structure, number.
Tissues, organs, organ systems, organism. Structure and functions of animal
and plant tissues (four types in animals; merismatic and permanent tissues
in plants).

Health and diseases : Health and its failure. Infectious and Non-infectious
diseases, their causes and manifestation.

Diseases caused by microbes (Virus, Bacteria and protozoans) and their


prevention, Principles of treatment and prevention. Pulse polio programmes.

Theme : Moving things, people and ideas (60 Periods)


Unit 4 : Motion, Force and Work
Motion : Distance and displacement, velocity; uniform and non-uniform
motion along a straight line; acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time
graphs for uniform and uniformly accelerated motion, equations of motion by
graphical method; elementary idea of uniform circular motion.
Force and Newton's laws : Force and motion, Newton's laws of motion,
inertia of a body, inertia and mass, momentum, force and acceleration.
Elementary idea of conservation of momentum, action and reaction forces.

Gravitation : Gravitation; universal law of gravitation, force of gravitation of


the earth (gravity), acceleration due to gravity; mass and weight; free fall.

Work, Energy and Power : Work done by a force, energy, power; kinetic
and potential energy; law of conservation of energy.

Floatation : Thrust and pressure. Archimedes' principle, buoyancy,


elementary idea of relative density.

Work, Energy and Power : Work done by a force, energy, power; kinetic
and potential energy; law of conservation of energy.

Sound : Nature of sound and its propagation in various media, speed of


sound, range of hearing in humans; ultrasound; reflection of sound; echo and
SONAR.
Structure of the human ear (auditory aspect only).

Theme : Natural Resources (15 Periods)


Unit 5 : Our Environment
Physical resources : Air, Water, Soil.
Air for respiration, for combustion, for moderating temperatures, movements
of air and its role in bringing rains across India.
Air, water and soil pollution ( brief introduction). Holes in ozone layer and the
probable damages.

Bio-geo chemical cycles in nature : water, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen

PRACTICALS
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Marks : 40 (20 + 20)
1. To prepare
a) a true solution of common salt, sugar and alum
b) a suspension of soil, chalk powder and fine sand in water
c) a colloidal of starch in water and egg albumin in water and distinguish
between these on the basis of
i) transparency
ii) filtration criterion
iii) stability

2. To prepare
a) a mixture
b) a compound
using iron filings and sulphur powder and distinguish between these on the
basis of :
i) appearance i.e., homogeneity and heterogeneity
ii) behaviour towards a magnet
iii) behaviour towards carbon disulphide as a solvant.
iv) effect of heat.

3. To carry out the following chemical reactions and record observations.


Also identify the type of reaction
involved in each case.
i) Iron with copper sulphate solution in water.
ii) Burning of Magnesium in air.
iii) Zinc with dilute sulphuric acid
iv) Heating of Lead Nitrate
v) Sodium sulphate with Barium chloride in the form of their solutions in
water.

4. To verify laws of reflection of sound.

5. To determine the density of solid (denser than water) by using a spring


balance and a measuring cylinder.

6. To establish the relation between the loss in weight of a solid when fully
immersed in
i) tap water
ii) strongly salty water, with the weight of water displaced by it by taking at
least two different solids.

7. To measure the temperature of hot water as it cools and plot a


temperature-time graph.

8. To determine the velocity of a pulse propagated through a stretched


string/slinky.

9. To prepare stained temporary mounts of (a) onion peel and (b) human
cheek cells and to record observations and draw their labeled diagrams.

10. To identify parenchyma and sclerenchyma tissues in plants, striped


muscle fibers and nerve cells in animals, from prepared slides and to draw
their labeled diagrams.

11. To separate the components of a mixture of sand, common salt and


ammonium chloride (or camphor) by sublimation.

12. To determine the melting point of ice and the boiling point of water.
13. To test (a) the presence of starch in the given food sample (b) the
presence of the adulterant metanil yellow in dal.

14. To study the characteristic of spirogyra/Agaricus, Moss/Fern, Pinus


( either with male or female conre) and an Angiospermic plant. Draw and
give two identifying features of groups they belong to.

15. To observe and draw the given specimens—earthworm, cockroach, bony


fish and bird. For each specimen record
(a) one specific feature of its phylum
(b) one adaptive feature with reference to its habitat.

SCHEME OF EVALUATION
Multiple choice type question written test (School based) : 20 Marks
Hands-on practicals examination (school based) : 20 Marks

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