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6.03 - Calorimetry Lesson Review: Answer Key

The document is a review of key concepts in calorimetry: - It defines specific heat and explains how to calculate enthalpy using the formula q = m*C*ΔT. - A calorimeter is used to measure heat transfer between substances by treating it as an isolated system where energy is conserved. - Examples show how to calculate the energy released or absorbed in chemical reactions using calorimetry data.

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Annie Sullivan
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153 views5 pages

6.03 - Calorimetry Lesson Review: Answer Key

The document is a review of key concepts in calorimetry: - It defines specific heat and explains how to calculate enthalpy using the formula q = m*C*ΔT. - A calorimeter is used to measure heat transfer between substances by treating it as an isolated system where energy is conserved. - Examples show how to calculate the energy released or absorbed in chemical reactions using calorimetry data.

Uploaded by

Annie Sullivan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6.

03 Calorimetry Lesson Review


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19.

What is the specific heat of water, including the unit?


What is the specific heat formula? List what each variable represents.
What property of water makes it useful as a coolant for hot engines?
Which form of energy is energy in when it is gained or lost in chemical reactions?
Define enthalpy. What is the letter used to represent enthalpy in equations?
What is the unit for enthalpy?
What three variables are needed in order to calculate the enthalpy of a reaction?
A flask containing water absorbed 250,000.0 Joules of energy from a Bunsen
Burner. If the temperature of the water was raised from 21.0 degrees Celsius to
85.0 degrees Celsius, how much water was in the flask?
In your own words, describe what a calorimeter is.
If we put a hot piece of metal in a calorimeter half full of room temperature water,
where does the heat go?
Is energy lost or gained if the value of q is negative?
Is a calorimeter an open, closed or isolated system? Explain your answer.
Is the total energy of a calorimeter conserved? Explain your answer.
A 2.75 gram sample of sucrose (C6H12O6) was burned in a calorimeter. The heat
released by the combustion changed the temperature of 850.0 grams of water
from 15.3 degrees Celsius to 24.6 degrees Celsius. How much energy, in joules, was
released by the burning of the sucrose?
What does H represent?
If H is negative, which has lost the energy, the system or the surroundings?
What does a positive enthalpy value, H, indicate?
What is an exothermic process?
An 85.4 gram sample of metal at 50.0 degrees Celsius is added to 102.3 g of water
at 12.8 degrees Celsius. The temperature of the water rises to 13.9 degrees
Celsius. What is the specific heat of the metal?

6.03 Calorimetry Lesson Review ANSWER KEY


1. What is the specific heat of water, including the unit?

Specific heat of water is:

4.18 J
g

2. What is the specific heat formula? List what each variable represents.
q = m*C*T
q = enthalpy, or the heat gained/lost
m = is the mass, in grams
C = is the specific heat of the substance. Common units are J/gC
T = is the change of temperature. (Final temperature minus initial temperature)
3. What property of water makes it useful as a coolant for hot engines?
Specific heat capacity is the property of water responsible for this.
4. Which form of energy is energy in when it is gained or lost in chemical reactions?
Energy is usually in the form of heat (thermal energy).
5. Define enthalpy. What is the letter used to represent enthalpy in equations?
Enthalpy is the amount of heat gained or lost in a reaction. It is represented by a
q in formulas.
6. What is the unit for enthalpy?
The unit for enthalpy is J (Joules)
7. What three variables are needed in order to calculate the enthalpy of a reaction?
We need the mass (in grams), the specific heat (in J/gC) and the change of
temperature (in C)
8. A flask containing water absorbed 250,000.0 Joules of energy from a Bunsen
Burner. If the temperature of the water was raised from 21.0 degrees Celsius to
85.0 degrees Celsius, how much water was in the flask?
q = 250,000 J
m=?
C = 4.18 J/gC
T = 85.0C 21.0C = 64.0C
q = m*C*T (rearrange to solve for m)

m=

q
C T

250 , 000 J
J
4.18
(64.0 )
g

m = 935 g
9. In your own words, describe what a calorimeter is.

A calorimeter is a device used to measure the amount of heat (energy) transferred


from one substance to another.
10. If we put a hot piece of metal in a calorimeter half full of room temperature water,
where does the heat go?
The heat would be transferred to the water. Remember heat flows from hotter
objects to cooler objects.
11. Is energy lost or gained if the value of q is negative?
If the value of q is negative, energy was lost.
12. Is a calorimeter an open, closed or isolated system? Explain your answer.
A calorimeter attempts to be an isolated system. We can assume that all heat is
trapped inside the calorimeter and no heat escapes into the environment.
13. Is the total energy of a calorimeter conserved? Explain your answer.
Yes, assuming the calorimeter is an isolated system, all energy remains in the
calorimeter. This is how we are able to conclude that the energy released by a hot
wire in a calorimeter is completely absorbed by the water.
14. A 2.75 gram sample of sucrose (C6H12O6) was burned in a calorimeter. The heat
released by the combustion changed the temperature of 850.0 grams of water
from 15.3 degrees Celsius to 24.6 degrees Celsius. How much energy, in joules, was
released by the burning of the sucrose?
In this problem, the system is the sucrose and the surrounding is the water.
msys = 2.75 g C6H12O6
msurr = 850.0 g H2O
T = 24.6C 15.3C = 9.3C
First: We must calculate how much energy, q, the surroundings gained:
qsurr = msurr*Csurr*Tsurr

qsurr = (850.0g H2O)

(4.18 gJ )

9.3C)

qsurr = 33042.9 J

We know that 33042.9J of energy were gained by the water. Where did this
energy (heat) come from? You got it: the sucrose. Since we assume a calorimeter
is an isolated system, the heat gained by the surroundings is equal to the heat lost
by the system:

qsurrounding =

qsystem

Thus, 33042.9 J of energy were lost, or transferred when the sucrose was burned.
qsystem = - 33042.9 J

15. What does H represent?


This is the change of enthalpy which is the amount of energy (heat) that flows
between a system and the surroundings.
16. If H is negative, which has lost the energy, the system or the surroundings?
A negative enthalpy indicates that the system lost, or transferred energy to the
surroundings. This is also considered an exothermic process.
17. What does a positive enthalpy value, H, indicate?
A positive enthalpy indicates that the system gained energy from its surroundings.
This is referred to as an endothermic process.
18. What is an exothermic process?
An exothermic process is where the system loses or transfers heat to the
surroundings.
19. An 85.4 gram sample of metal at 50.0 degrees Celsius is added to 102.3 g of water
at 12.8 degrees Celsius. The temperature of the water rises to 13.9 degrees
Celsius. What is the specific heat of the metal?
This is very similar to the lab. The system is the metal and the surrounding is the
water.
msys = 85.4 g metal
Tmetal = 50.0C (This is the initial)
msurr = 102.3 g H2O Twater = 12.8C (This is the initial)
Tfinal = 13.9 C (This is the final temperature for both)
First: We must calculate how much energy, q, the surroundings gained:
qsurr = msurr*Csurr*Tsurr

qsurr = (102.3 H2O)

(4.18 gJ )

13.9C 12.8C)

qsurr =470.37 J
We know that the water gained 470.37 J of energy. Where did this energy (heat)
come from? You got it: the metal. Since we assume a calorimeter is an isolated

system, the heat gained by the surroundings is equal to the heat lost by the
system:
qsurrounding =

qsystem

Thus, 470.37 J of energy were lost, or transferred when the sucrose was burned.
qsystem = - 470.37 J

Now, we can use this information to calculate the specific heat, c, of the metal. We
must rearrange the formula to solve for C:
Cmetal =

Cmetal =

Cmetal =

q metal

( mmetal )( T metal )
470.37 J
( 85.4 g )( 13.9 50.0 )

0. 153 J
g

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