Stereonet Help
Stereonet Help
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
Introduction
Disclaimer, Referencing, Credits
Differences with Previous Versions
The basic interface
Entering new data
Saving data files
Opening data files
Choosing which data to plot or analyze
Plotting your data
Using the Inspector
Stereonet 8 is a complete rewrite of my venerable, but aging, stereonet plotting program for Windows,
originally called StereoWin. The program has a revamped, and vastly improved, user interface,
includes most of the scientific functionality of the older versions, and will work just fine on modern
operating systems such as Windows 7. The functionality and interface of the program has been modeled
after OSXStereonet by Nstor Cardozo and Richard W. Allmendinger. The only difference is that
OSXStereonet uses an interface with a main window and two drawer windows that can be opened and
closed at will, whereas Stereonet 8 version uses a single window with several different panes for
different interface elements.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
Stereonet 8 is distributed on an "as is" basis without any warranty, explicit or implicit. The author will
not be liable for direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages resulting from any defect in this
software or this user's manual, even if he has been previously been made aware of the defect.
Furthermore, I make no systematic effort to inform all users of either bug fixes or upgrades. This
program may not be sold or offered as an inducement to buy any other product.
The science behind the algorithms in Stereonet 8 can be found in the following references:
Allmendinger, R. W., Cardozo, N. C., and Fisher, D., 2012, Structural Geology Algorithms: Vectors &
Tensors: Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press, 289 pp.
Cardozo, N., and Allmendinger, R. W., 2013, Spherical projections with OSXStereonet: Computers &
Geosciences, v. 51, no. 0, p. 193 - 205, doi: 10.1016/j.cageo.2012.07.021.
Please refer to this publication in any study or presentation that result from the use of this program.
Credits
Stereonet 8 was written by Richard W. Allmendinger; the interface for the program is modeled after
OSXStereonet by Nstor Cardozo and Richard Allmendinger. The rotation algorithm has been
completely rewritten from one originally written by Randy Marrett. The contouring algorithm used is
conrec by Paul Bourke (1987). The eigenvalue and eigenvector routines have been modified from the
book Numerical Recipes. The PDF classes included in this program are from pdfFile by Toby W. Rush
Copyright 2004. I am particularly grateful to comments and advice from Nstor Cardozo during the
development of this program and for sharing many other programming adventures.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
There are several significant changes in how Stereonet 8 works relative to how older versions worked.
Disclaimer, Referencing, Credits
When Stereonet/StereoWin was first written more than 20 years ago, personal computers were
so slow that you could literally watch them drawing individual great circles! So older versions
of Stereonet/StereoWin drew the layers of graphical elements in the order that the user
specified and went to great pains to avoid redrawing previous elements. With modern systems,
the graphics can be delivered all at once. So, Stereonet 8 always layers different elements in
the same order, regardless of what order the user specified. It is now possible to turn on or off
different graphical elements without redrawing everything else. So, you wont see the dreaded
new plot or old plot dialog box any more. Want to turn off the great circles that you plotted six
steps ago? Just uncheck them in the Plot menu and they will disappear while everything else
that you drew afterwards remain intact.
Plots can be saved from Stereonet 8 in now as PDF or .emf format. The former is a higher
quality format so you should use that if possible. Some programs that claim to be able to read
pdfs might claim that the file is damaged or otherwise be unable to read the file. If that
happens, just open the file in Acrobat Reader and then save it.
Interaction with your data has been much improved in this version of Stereonet 8. You can
click on a point and have the corresponding row in the data table highlighted or vice versa.
Data can be edited simply by clicking on the line of data that you wish to change and typing in
a new value.
Sorting of your data is now accomplished by clicking on the heading of the column in the data
table that corresponds to the parameter you want to sort by. The data table supports multiple
selections, and you can then toggle on or off the data (i.e., check or uncheck them) based on
whether or not they are selected in the data table.
A single Stereonet 8 file can contain an unlimited number of lines, planes, and small circles
data sets. These individual data sets can be toggled on or off at will simply by
checking/unchecking them in the Data set pane.
You now set all plot elements in the Inspector Window. In general, you have much greater
control over the appearance of your plot than previously (see Fig. 2)
Stereonet 8 can import (and export) old Stereonet/StereoWin text files that contain the
appropriate two letter header, but the save and open commands now work on the new Stereonet
8 binary data files. If you need to exchange data with OSXStereonet, you must export text files
from Stereonet 8 and then import them into OSXStereonet. At present, the binary files
produced by Stereonet 8 and those produced by OSXStereonet are incompatible.
Stereonet 8 binary files include not only the structure data but also the exact state of the
program (including the Analysis Pane), all colors, parameters, etc.
In Stereonet 8, numerical analyses are written to the Analyses pane. This is an editable text
field. Not only can you copy and paste to that field, but you can write your own notes and
annotations there. Just click where you want to start writing. This field is not saved with the
plot so, to capture its contents when you close the program, be sure to copy them to the system
clipboard and then paste them wherever you want.
The amount of data that Stereonet 8 can hold is limited only by available memory. Earlier
versions of Stereonet/StereoWin were limited to 2500 lines and 2500 planes.
Stereonet 8 includes a new Data Details window where every datum can be tagged with
location, date and time, and a free form notes field. If you have an internet connection, any
data point with location information can be visualized in Google Satellite, terrain, or roadmap
views.
This beta version of Stereonet 8 is document based. Thus, you can open as many windows
with different data sets as you wish
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Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
The basic interface for Stereonet is depicted,below. You will do all of your plotting and data analysis in
the main window of the program. Individual data sets can be toggled on and off with the checkbox to
the left of the name of the data set. Likewise, you can turn on or off an individual datum (or group of
data) within a single data set with the checkbox in the Data list. The results of calculations appear in
the Analysis area; this is an editable text field. You can add your own annotations or delete analyses
that you dond need. You can also copy from or paste to that field.
An individual datum has several attributes:
the orientation
location information (Latitude, longitude, elevation)
time information (time, day, month, year)
a freeform notes field that can hold up to 512 characters
Only the orientation information, which can be entered in the main window, is required. The additional
attributes can only be accessed via the Data Details Window, a floating window that stays visible until
you close it by clicking on its close icon. The Data Details Window can also display the location of
your datum on a Google satellite, hybrid, terrain, or road map. the Mac version of the program displays
the orientation symbol; the Windows version cannot.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
If you are entering rakes of lines on planes, Stereonet 8 will create both a lines data set and a planes
data set. These two data sets must be given the same name. If you delete the planes data set (or change
its name), you will still be able to show the lines data, but you will not be able to display it using the
rake (RK) format.
The name of the data set can be edited at any time by clicking on the name (e.g., Untitled Lines) and
then typing in whatever you want. It is useful to give the data sets sensible names because those are
Deleting Data
You can delete an individual datum by selecting the line of data in the data list pane and then pressing
the button located beneath the data list pane. The datum will be deleted and the remaining lines
beneath the datum will be shifted upwards. If yo have a multiple selection in the data list pane, only the
first line of data will be deleted.
To delete an entire data set, selected in the Data Set pane and then press the button located beneath
the data set pane (i.e., to the right of the add data set buttons). The data set and all of its associated data
will be deleted.
No warning is given when you press the for either data sets or individual lines of data!! They
are simply deleted.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
The Save As command under the file menu saves a Stereonet 8 native (binary) file with the file
suffix .stnt, which can only be read by Stereonet 8. As described above, these files contain an exact
copy of the state of the program and data at the time that you save the file. The Stereonet 8 native file
cannot be read by any previous version of Stereonet.
The binary file is very convenient for its completeness however no other program, not even
OSXStereonet, can read this file. For longevity of your precious data, I highly recommend also
saving it as a text file as described below:
You can export text files in two flavors: if you want to save a text file with a two line header, just like
older version of Stereonet/StereoWin, choose Stereonet 6 Format. Lines are only saved with the TP
(trend, plunge) format and planes are saved only with the AD (Azimuth Dip, i.e., right hand rule)
format. Use export text file if you want to exchange data with OSXStereonet or with older versions of
Stereonet/StereoWin.
You can also save text files in Table format. In this flavor, you get a one line header with column labels
and you save all of the location information (longitude, latitude, elevation, notes) as well as the
orientation data. These file can be read back in to Stereonet 8 using the Parse Text File option, above.
In either case, only the selected data set is saved.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
Disclaimer, Referencing, Credits
Stereonet 8 introduces a new binary file format that, in a single file, contains not only all of the data sets
entered, but also all of the settings at the time the file was saved. This includes all of the formatting you
have applied to the stereonet (e.g., colors, grid spacing, projection, etc.), the data (e.g., colors,
symbols, line weights, etc.), the plot itself, and the contents of the Analysis pane. Opening a Stereonet
8 native file is just like picking up exactly where you left off when you last saved the file. Stereonet 8
can read Stereonet 7 binary files, but Stereonet 7 cannot read Stereonet 8 binaries!
Following the one line header, there were any number of lines, each with only one datum (e.g., trend
and plunge, or strike and dip) followed by a return character. The values on the line can be separated by
a comma, space, tab or any combination.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
Stereonet 8 will only plot or analyze data that are checked in the Data List pane to the right of the plot,
and it will only plot data sets that are checked in the Data Sets Pane. The program makes it easy to link
data in the plot to the table in the data list box by highlighting selected points and planes in yellow, an
effect I call the selection halo. If you click on a point in the plot, the row will be selected in the table,
and clicking on a row provides a selection halo in the Plot Window. You can multiple, non-contiguous
selections in the table of the Data List pane by command clicking the rows of interest. From the Data
Menu, or equivalent popup menu in the Data Drawer accessed by right-clicking, you can toggle on or
off selected data.
The Toggle On and Off commands in the Data Menu can be very powerful when combined the ability
to sort rows by clicking on a column in the table of the data list pane. The first time you click a column
heading all the rows will sort ascending, the next click will sort descending. To return to the original
sorting, click the No. heading of the column farthest to the left. Once sorted by whatever criteria you
want, you can then select the range of rows that fits your criteria and Toggle Off the rest of the data set.
Stereonet 8 also allows you to search a single data set or all data sets for matching parameters by
selecting Data>Search which will give you the dialog to the right. Here you can specify any
combination of matching tag criteria by checking the checkbox to the left of the name. In the example
shown to the right, pressing select will toggle on only those measurements in the currently selected
data set that have trends between 350 and 010, elevations between 800 and 1200, and have the phrase
Salar Grande in the notes field. If you elect to search across all data sets, then the trend or the strike
will be between 350 and 010, etc. Click select opposite to toggle on those measurements which do
NOT meet the entered criteria. Finally, the Restore All button will turn on all measurements in all
data files.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
Some of the options in the Plot menu write the results of the underlying analysis to the Analysis Pane.
For example, if you choose Mean Vector from the Plot menu, the mean vector statistics will also be
written to the Analysis pane. At any time, you can erase extraneous information that you dont need
from the Analysis pane by selecting it and pressing the delete key on the keyboard.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
The appearance or formatting of your plot, including the type of projection (equal area or equal angle) is
controlled by the Inspector, which is accessed from the View Menu. There are a large number of
choices in the Inspector, thus giving you many options for formatting the plot to your liking. Any
change that you make in the Inspector is immediately reflected in the plot.
Click on one of the images below to go to the description of that Inspector tab.
Stereonet tab
Analyses tab
Contours tab
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Stereonet tab
Introduction
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Analyses tab
Introduction
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Contours tab
Introduction
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
Structural geologists are accustomed to viewing the stereonet as a lower hemisphere projection, as if
one were looking vertically downward. However, there are many times when a different frame of
reference is better. For example, you may want to plot data in the plane of a cross section (a view
direction which is horizontal and perpendicular to the azimuth of the cross section), or in the profile
plane (down plunge view) of a cylindrical fold (a view direction parallel to the fold axis). Of course,
you can do this by rotating all your data, but it can be a bit tedious, and you dont have and
visualization aids. Stereonet now allows you to set any view direction without having to rotate all of
your data.
When you choose Set View Direction under the plot menu, the above dialog box will appear. The
trend and plunge that you enter in this dialog will become the new center of the projection and the
primitive plane perpendicular to that direction. You can easily return to the default view of North-EastDown by clicking the Default View button in the set view dialog box. You do not need to enter any
values first. The following diagram shows the relationship between the Cartesian coordinates of a
normal geographic stereographic projection (in black) and those of the new view (in red).
The new view coordinate system axes are plotted at the same position as the old axes. For example, the
new X3 is plotted in the center of the net at the same place as the old X3. Stereonet does not modify
your data in any way; you will see no change in the orientations in the Data List box.
Interactive Features
References
To maintain a sense of orientation, I highly recommend that you have Show Grid turned on in
Preferences; Stereonet will then plot the rotated grid, with the great circles intersecting at the north or
south pole. This essentially lets you see both coordinate systems at once. For the values shown in the
above dialog, the rotated grid with the new and old coordinate systems, is shown below. Note that for
the entered values, X1, X2, and X3 are all positive, but other view directions can result in negative
axes being plotted.
When you click and hold down the mouse on the stereonet, the orientation that you see is in geographic
coordinates. That is, if you click on the pole in the above diagram, the trend and plunge will show
T&P = 0, 0, or perhaps T&P = 360, 0. This is the fastest way to determine whether or not the pole
showing is north or south (the latter, of course, will have a trend of 180). Clicking on points above the
horizon will show negative plunges, because these points are plunging upwards into the upper
hemisphere, negative by standard structural convention. If you hold down the shift key while you click
on the stereonet, you will see the trend and plunge of the clicked point in the new view coordinate
system. It is unlikely that you will need this very often!
One potentially confusing aspect of this new capability is the concept of upper and lower
hemispheres. Once you set the view direction, the upper hemisphere is the one in the direction opposite
to the direction in which you are looking. Lines that plunge downward geographically (and thus have
positive plunges) may well end up in the upper hemisphere of the new view. When you choose
Scatter or Mean Vector, Stereonet will ask you how you want to handle these upper hemisphere lines.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
Disclaimer, Referencing, Credits
Differences with Previous Versions
The basic interface
Entering new data
Saving data files
Opening data files
Choosing which data to plot or analyze
Plotting your data
Using the Inspector
None of the menu options in the Calculations menu change the plot in any way; instead the results of
the calculations are written to the analysis pane, or new data sets are created.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
These to options produce new data sets. In the case of Poles to Planes (if a planes data set is selected in
the Data Set Dialog) or Planes from Poles (if a lines data set is selected), a new data set is always
created with a name taken from the original data set preceded by poles to or planes from Note
that, to contour poles to planes, or calculate cylindrical best fit, there must actually be a Lines data file
which contains the poles.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Rotate Data
Introduction
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
These statistical analyses are carried out on the selected lines file in the Data Set Pane and the results
written to the Analyses Pane. No data sets are modified in any way. The former is the same analysis
used in the mean vector calculation whereas the latter is used in the cylindrical best fit analysis where
the polarity of the vectors is unimportant. See Allmendinger et al. (2012) for a complete description of
these routines.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Angle between
Introduction
If two lines are selected in a data set you can choose to calculate the
angle between them, which isessentially the angle in the plane that
contains both lines. Both the angle and the two lines selected will be
recorded in the Analysis pane.
If two planes are selected in the same data set, the program will
calculate not only the angle between the two planes but the line of intersection as well. The result will
be written to the Analysis pane
Finally, you can also use the mouse to click on two points inside the stereonet and the angle between
those two points will be displayed in a dialog box and you will be given the option of writing the
results to the Analysis Pane.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Direction Cosines
Introduction
This command will write out the direction cosines of any selected lines, or the poles to any selected
planes, to the Analysis Window. The entries are tab separated, making it easy to copy the results from
the Analysis pane and paste them into a spreadsheet or other document:
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Introduction
Once you have the plot just as you like it, you can save it as a PDF file for import into other programs.
The PDFs produced should be of publication quality and should appear identical to, but higher
resolution than, the plot window itself. The size of the pdf is controlled by the size of the Plot tab in the
Main window.
Alternatively, Stereonet 8 can save plots as scalable vector graphics (.svg), an open, high resolution
vector format that can be read by all major web browsers and most modern vector graphics programs
(e.g., Illustrator, EazyDraw, etc.). SVG has many desirable characteristics and is the best one to use if
your graphics program supports this format.
Finally, you can save your plot in an older vector format by choosing Save Plot as PICT/EMF which
will save the plot as an enhanced metafile format in Windows. PDF and SVG output is superior to
PICT/EMF and is thus highly recommended1.
Stereonet 8 also supports the clipboard. If any text is selected in either the Data List or the Analysis
Pane, that editable text will be copied to the clipboard. Otherwise the Graphic in the Main Window will
be copied as vector objects to the clipboard for pasting into another application. The application into
which you paste the graphic will determine the format in which it appears. In Mac OS X, Cocoa
applications, it will usually appear as a Tiff image, whereas Carbon apps will recognize the vectors.
The clipboard uses .EMF quality graphics and thus should not be used for final production work if you
can help it.
Stereonet 8 has a very basic printing routine which will print the graphics in the Plot pane, again using
.EMF quality graphics. At present, the graphic is printed at the size it appears on the screen unless it is
larger than 7 inches, in which case it is shrunk to fit the screen. The default size of the graphics
window produces a stereonet that just fits on one page. The text in the Analysis Window/Pane is
automatically added beneath the stereonet. On the Mac OS X, you can print to PDF as you can in other
programs, however, the pdf that is produced by the save plot as pdf command is higher quality than
that saved from the print window.
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
Interactive Features
Introduction
Whenever the mouse moves over the stereonet, the trend and plunge at the tip of the cursor is
displayed in the lower left corner
Clicking and dragging the mouse inside the stereonet temporarily displays a great circle whose
pole coincides with the tip of the cursor.
When Enter with mouse is checked under the Data Menu, you can enter data by clicking and
dragging the mouse inside the stereonet. Hold down the Shift Key to enter Lines; hold down
the Alt Key to enter Planes.
Clicking on a data point in the stereonet selects the corresponding row in the data table and
vice versa. Multiple, noncontiguous selections are possible
Changes made in the Inspector are instantly reflected in the plot
Stereonet Help
the users manual for Stereonet 8 by Rick Allmendinger, 2013
Contents
References
Introduction
Allmendinger, R. W., Cardozo, N. C., and Fisher, D., 2012, Structural Geology Algorithms: Vectors &
Tensors: Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press, 289 pp.
Blenkinsop, T. G., 2012, Visualizing structural geology: from Excel to Google Earth: Computers &
Geosciences, v. 45, p. 52-56.