IJMBS Vol.
4, Issue 3, Spl- 1 July - Sept 2014
ISSN : 2230-9519 (Online) | ISSN : 2231-2463 (Print)
Understanding Online Shopping Behaviour
of Indian Shoppers
1
Dr. Renuka Sharma, 2Dr. Kiran Mehta, 3Shashank Sharma
1,2
Associate Professor, Chitkara Business School
3
MBA Student, Chitkara Business School
Abstract
The growth rate of Indias e-commerce industry is fascinating.
It was reported as 88% in 2013 which is a clear contrast picture
of the slower economic growth of India. The rising inflation rate
in recent years has not slipped away the performance of online
shopping industry in India. Companies are using the internet to
put across and commune the information. Simultaneously it helps
the companies to give an idea about their products and instantly
getting the feedback of customers fulfilment to get stimulated
turnover for future. The primary objective of the current study is
to understand the online buying behaviour of consumers in India.
It has also made an attempt to get information about the scope of
improvement in online shopping website.
Keywords
Online Shopping, Indian Customers, Marketing Strategies, Indian
e-tail Industry
I. Introduction
The introduction and implementation of internet technologies has
created new market for manufacturers and service providers and
also has provided new arena for innovative marketing strategies
by the professionals. There are various reasons of shifting the
customers buying patterns towards online retail shops. The facility
of comparing your product with competitive products on the basis
of price, colour, size and quality is one of the biggest benefits of
online shopping. Moreover the product remains at its place even
you purchase it. It looks hilarious but this is also one of the most
significant reasons reported by the online shoppers. The other
popular names for online shopping are virtual store, e-shop, webshop, internet shop, web-store and online storefront etc. These
days Mobile commerce or m-commerce is also one of the popular
means of shopping. The facilities of various coupon and discount
scheme are also fascinating the customers in online shopping.
In our time, internet is acknowledged as noteworthy valuable
communication channel taxing with the traditional ones, such as
walkie-talkie, magazines, and small screen. From the past few
years, on-line shopping is the prevalent way of doing dealings
in the field of E-Business and is unquestionably going to be the
future of shopping in the human race. The increasing consumer
base, principally of youths, is playing a significant role in the
online shopping. Through this means, the shopper can buy the
product from wherever he wants. Because of wide communication
network e-commerce has become the new mediator between the
companies/manufacturers and their customers. The growth rate of
Indias e-commerce industry is fascinating. It was reported as 88%
in 2013 which is a clear contrast picture of the slower economic
growth of India. The rising inflation rate in recent years has not
slipped away the performance of online shopping industry in India.
If one tries to identify the cause of this growth rate then it will not
take many efforts to find the answer. The more innovative ways
of online payment and increasing internet penetration has given a
paradigm shift and push to this industry. The increase of internet
technology in India has colossal potential. It will trim down the
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cost of product and service delivery and lengthen geographical
boundaries in bringing buyers and sellers together. The boost in
use of internet by the customers in younger age bracket in India
has provided a promising outlook for online retailers. The majority
of the companies are operating their on-line portals to put up for
sale (of both products & services), to shrink marketing costs, and
subsequently plummeting the prices of their products and services
to continue their position in the future market.
Earlier the Indian customers were more attracted towards
electronic gadgets and mobile phones for online shopping but
now the products indicative of lifestyle, viz., watches, apparels,
perfumes, beauty products are also in high demand through the
medium of online shopping. The market is also developing for
books, jewellery, home appliances and kitchen appliances etc.
The following facts can help the academicians and researchers
to understand the size and performance of Indian e-commerce
industry.
In 2013, the size of the market was $ 16 billion which was
$ 8.5 billion in 2012.
The growth rate in metro cities of India is expected to be
much higher than the other cities of the country.
The e-commerce industry is expected to be of $56 billion
by 2023. But contradict to it, another forecast supported by
IANS, the e-commerce market is expected to grow by $ 5070 billion by 2020.
Companies are using the internet to put across and commune the
information. Simultaneously it helps the companies to give an
idea about their products and instantly getting the feedback of
customers fulfilment to get stimulated turnover for future.
In India the growth of the e-commerce industry is tremendous.
Considering the latest updates from IBN 7, the number of on line
shopping have crossed 600 in the year 2013 which was counted
as only 100 in 2012. The popularity of local e-commerce sites
is also noteworthy in addition to global leaders like eBay and
Amazon. The following table gives a glimpse of the top ten leading
e-commerce sites of 2013.
Table 1:
Ranking Websites
Flipkart
Ebay India
Snapdeal
Services Offered
It is a mega online store which
offers wide range of products
including clothes, books and
electronics.
It has unique business concept
where a seller can sell the product
directly to buyer.
It is online marketing and
shopping company which has
existence in more than 400 cities
in India.
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IJMBS Vol. 4, Issue 3, Spl - 1 July - Sept 2014
Jabong
Myntra
Tradus
Junglee
Homeshop18
Shopclues
10
Yebhi
Source: IBN 7
It has been a front runner in
online shopping websites in India
and offer attractive discounts,
promotional and deals for Indian
customers on many fashion, home
dcor and lifestyle variants.
It retails many famous national
and international brands like
Puma, Adidas, John miller, Lotto
and many more.
It offers wide range of wholesale
and retail products online. Tradus.
com is an Auction and shopping
company operate in many
European countries.
Junglee is an online website which
provides electronics, lifestyle, men
& women apparel, accessories,
movie CD/DVD, home dcor
products etc.
It is an online shopping website
and retail distribution network
company.
An online mega store recorded
highest growth in year 2012 and
Alexa ranked 1000 in mid of
August -13.
It deals in many top national &
international brands and products
such as footwear, fashion,
accessories and jewellery.
II. Review of Literature
Maignan and Lukass research (1997) and Rowley (2000) studied
that the financial risks had been cited as a main reason to stop
internet shopping and security had become a major concern both
in online transaction relationships. Solomon (1998) studied the
Consumer behaviour and said that it is the study of the processes
involved when an individual selects, purchases, uses or disposes
of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and
desires. In view for the Internet to spread out as a retail channel,
it is imperative to realize the consumers mind-set, intention and
conduct in light of the online buying practice. Bellman, Lohse and
Johnson (1999) examine the relationship among demographics,
personal characteristics, and attitudes towards online shopping.
These authors find that people who have a more .wired lifestyle.
And who are more time constrained tends to buy online more
frequently, i.e., those who use the Internet as a routine tool
and/or those who are more time starved prefer shopping on
the Internet. Swaminathan, Lepkowska-White, and Rao (1999)
refered vendor characteristics, security of transactions, content
for privacy and customer characteristics as factors influencing
electronic exchange. Donthu and Garcia (1999) proposed
that risk aversion, innovativeness, brand consciousness, price
consciousness, importance of convenience, variety-seeking
propensity, impulsiveness, attitude toward adverting, attitude
toward shopping, and attitude toward direct marketing would
influence online shopping behavior and found that among them,
age, income, importance of convenience, innovativeness, risk
aversion, impulsiveness, variety-seeking propensity, attitude
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toward direct marketing, and attitude toward advertising were
factors influencing online shopping behavior. Bhatnagar, Misra and
Rao (2000) measure how demographics, vender/service/ product
characteristics, and website quality influence the consumers, their
attitude towards online shopping and consequently their online
buying behavior. They report that the convenience the Internet
affords and the risk perceived by the consumers are related to the
two dependent variables (attitudes and behavior) positively and
negatively, respectively. Sultan and Henrichs (2000) concluded
that the consumers willingness to and preference for adopting
the Internet as his or her shopping medium was also positively
related to income, household size, and innovativeness. According
to Miyazaki and Fernandez (2001), perceived risk affected
consumer online purchasing behavior negatively. They also found
that Internet experience is negatively related to the existence of
concerns regarding the privacy and security of online purchase
and the perceived risks of conducting online purchases.
Schiffman, Scherman, & Long (2003) in their study researched
that yet individual attitudes do not, by themselves, influence ones
intention and/or behaviour. Instead that intention or behaviour
is a result of a variety of attitudes that the consumer has about
a variety of issues relevant to the situation at hand, in this case
online buying. Shergill and Chen (2005) conducted a study on
Web-Based Shopping: Consumers Attitudes Towards Online
Shopping In New Zealand The model included several indicators
belonging to four major categories; the value of the product, the
shopping experience, the quality of service offered by the website
and the risk perceptions of Internet retail shopping. The study
concluded that regular web buyers were much more satisfied with
all website variables than trial web buyers. Sorce et al. (2005)
found that younger consumers searched for more products online
and they were more likely to agree that online shopping was more
convenient. This study was conducted on behaviour of youth
in Malaysia. Wang, Liu and Cheng (2008) conducted a study
on the Influencing Factors of Online Shopping and documented
that consumers think it to be risky to make online payments. The
consumers were also expecting a higher level of privacy in online
shopping. This study was conducted in China and the Chinese
consumers experience with the internet and computer skill was
also found a factor influencing the consumer behaviour.
Norazah Suki and Norbayah Suki (2009) conducted a study on
Cellular Phone Users Willingness to Shop Online. The study
suggested that marketers should propose more on attractive
promotion such as advertisements or discounts through the
web.
Chowdhury and Ahmad (2011) conducted a study on factors
affecting consumer participation in online shopping in Malaysia.
The major focus of the study was to describe the relationship
between independent variables and dependent variable using
Pearsons correlation method. The limitation of this study was
that it only used four variables (ability, benevolence, integrity,
and trust) in explaining the consumer participation but did not
take other important variables into account (e.g., cost switching
vendors and the presence of third party. The study provides
a useful insight on the significant role of trust in students for
online shopping. Yulihasri, Islam and Daud (2011) conducted
a study on Factors that Influence Customers Buying Intention
on Shopping Online. The variables that were tested included
usefulness of internet shopping, ease of use, compatibility, privacy,
security, normative beliefs, self-efficacy, attitude and students
buying intention. Pearson correlation analysis provided statistical
information about the relationship of each independent variable
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IJMBS Vol. 4, Issue 3, Spl- 1 July - Sept 2014
ISSN : 2230-9519 (Online) | ISSN : 2231-2463 (Print)
with dependent variables. It was studied that web advertising
favourably influences the purchasing of a companys products.
Karim (2013) conducted a study on online shopping behaviour
of customers and documented that online vendors can assure
their consumers for transaction security and avoid long delays
in completing online orders and the hassle of returning goods for
better online shopping experience.
Morris (2013) conducted a study on More Consumers Prefer
Online Shopping Shoppers increasingly want whats called
a seamless omnichannel experience, meaning one in which
retailers allow them to combine online and brick and mortar
browsing, shopping, ordering and returning in whatever combo
they would like.
With the increasing size, more demand by youth and change in the
behaviour of youth towards shopping has clearly indicated a huge
market is available to the incumbents and existing performers. And
at this stage it is important to understand the buying behaviour of
Indian customers towards online shopping which is mandatory
for a great marketing strategy by the players in this industry. The
size and growth rate of this industry was never like this before.
And considering all this, the present study has made an attempt to
understand the online shopping behaviour of Indian customers.
III. Objective of Study
The primary objective of the current study is to understand the
online buying behaviour of consumers in India. It has also made
an attempt to get information about the scope of improvement in
online shopping website. The objective of the study is destined to
provide useful information to marketing professionals to develop
a better marketing strategy to boost online shopping in Indian
retail market.
IV. Research Design
Focussing the objective of the present study, a survey was
conducted with the help of a structured questionnaire to collect
data about the consumer behaviour for online shopping in India.
The structured questionnaire was designed to collect information
about demographic profile of the respondents such as age, gender,
occupation. In addition to this, various questions related to the
experience of internet usage, the purpose of using Internet, types of
products purchased online, factors affecting consumer behaviour
while online shopping etc. were asked from the respondents.
Considering the time and budget constraints, the data was collected
from Punjab region of India. Convenience sampling methods was
used and questionnaires were got filled by email and personal
interview methods. A target of 150 respondents was set, but many of
the respondents provided half completed questionnaires therefore
only 120 questionnaires were entertained for final analysis and
data interpretation. Even out of these 120 respondents, some of
the respondents did not answer 2-3 questions and the same has
been mentioned at the time of analysis of data. Simple charting
and tabulation tools are used to understand the behaviour of the
respondents for online shopping. The following table gives a
depiction of demographic profile of the respondents.
Table 1: Demographic Profile of Respondents
Demographic
Features
Male
Female
Age
18-25 years
26-30 years
31-35 years
Above 35 years
Full time
employment
Part time
employment
Student
Unemployed
Housewife
Retired
Number of
Respondents
Gender
57
52
Percentage in
Total Sample
52
48
83
19
11
7
Occupation
69
16
9
6
18
15
76
7
8
4
63
6
7
3
V. Analysis and Interpretation
The following table has broadly analysed the survey questions.
The data collected has given some interesting findings. It has
not only provided the information about the buying behaviour
of the consumers through online mode but has also discussed
the scope of improvement in web stores selling strategies. The
findings can be useful for taking strategic marketing decisions
to capture the huge Indian retail market through e-tail stores in
place of retail stores.
Table 1 Analysis of the Data Collected
Buying Behaviour Towards online Shopping
Results Obtained through Data Analysis
Experience of Using Internet:
The survey has shown that the maximum
people have an experience of 3-4 years or
even more than 5 years and only 3 people
surveyed have an experience of less than a
month.
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Search for Product Information:
It has been documented that out of 120
people, 66 people are using the internet very
often for searching a products information. It
has also shown the interest of the respondents
for a specific category of products on internet.
Internet shopping:
74 percent people have been frequently using
online stores for shopping. Out of the sample
taken 6 percent people have never used
internet for shopping.
Products Preferred in Online Shopping:
It has been depicted that majority of the
people bought online tickets (17%) followed
by buying books online (39%). It was
observed that many of the respondents
bought other items like clothes, shoes and
bags online. The least wished item for buying
online was toys (2%). Thus this result can
help marketers to formulate marketing
strategies accordingly.
Does Online Shopping save time? The survey
has shown that 98 percent respondents have
agreed that online shopping saves time. Thus
the majority of the people agreed with the
time saving quality of online shopping.
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Does Online Shopping Save money?
The survey showed that 50 percent
respondents were strongly agreed and 35
percent respondents were found agreed that
online shopping saves their money. Only 2
percent respondents were found disagreed to
this statement.
Does Online Shopping give more relaxation?
It is one of the important factors that
encourages for online shopping. The survey
conducted showed that majority of the people
strongly agreed to this reason and only 3
people out of 120 disagreed to call online
shopping a more relaxing shopping.
Mode of payment preferred during online
shopping?
The payment mode for online shopping
included credit card, personal cheque, bank
transfer and third party (e.g. PayPal/World
pay). The majority of people were found
making payment through credit cards. The
data was not been obtained from 4 people for
this question.
Is security of transactions has an issue in
online shopping?
This is a major factor for which the
respondents may have different perceptions
for online shopping. The data collected from
respondents regarding this showed that out
of 120 people surveyed, 86 felt that online
shopping is secure and 21 felt the opposite.
The response wasnt obtained from 13 people.
Do you consider Company profile and brand
identity in market during online shopping?
This parameter may influence online
shopping behaviour of consumers to a
great extent. Out of 120 people surveyed,
63 strongly agreed that the profile of the
company and brand is considered as an
important parameter for them while doing
online shopping.
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Do you consider Security certification of an
online shopping website?
Generally people look for security certificated
websites for online shopping. Approximately
90 percent respondents were agreed to this.
These respondents were agreed that they
strongly value security certification while
online shopping.
Do you consider customer services provided
by online shopping websites?
Consumers value customer service a lot and
the survey revealed that the majority agreed
to the importance of this feature.
Do you think that detailed information
of product affects the selection of online
shopping website?
Ninety percent respondents were saying that
giving detailed product information of e-tail
stores affect the decision of online shopping.
Do you think that a website giving large
number of varieties with different options is
preferred more than a website giving lesser
number of options?
Only 2 percent respondents were not agreed
to this statement. Majority of the respondents
were convinced that an e-tail store giving
large number of options is always preferred
by them for shopping.
Does cost of delivery affect the decision of
online shopping?
Cost of delivery sometimes comes under
hidden charges if not properly noted during
online shopping and majority of respondents
were agreed to it. Thus it is also an important
feature to consider. The analysis has been
shown as under.
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Does speed of delivery affects the online
shopping decision?
This is another important feature of online
shopping. Only 3 percent respondents were
disagreed to it and eleven percent respondents
gave neutral opinion. Rest all the respondents
said that the speed of delivery affects their
online shopping decision.
Does the simplicity of buying process affect
the online shopping decision?
It is very important for the purchase process
to be simple for encouraging online shopping.
Thus is has been considered a very important
feature by majority of the people (81%). Two
respondents did not provide any information
regarding this question.
Do you think that privacy of customers
information affects the online shopping
decision?
Every customer values this feature as privacy
is the key concern for everyone. 44 people
strongly agreed to this feature and 49 agreed.
The response could not be obtained from 3
people for this question.
Do you think that the ability to track shopping
history affect the online shopping decision?
It is also one of the important features
as people expect to keep track of their
shopping history for keeping track of various
information. As can be seen from the piechart that majority of the respondents like this
feature of an e-tail store.
Do you think that the speed of website
selected for shopping boost the online
shopping behaviour?
This is a valuable feature to encourage
online shopping by keeping the customers
calm and active. The majority of the people
(45%) were found strongly agreed to it and 41
percent were found agreed to this statement.
12 percent people were of neutral opinion
regarding this.
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Do you think that the website interface
for online shopping influences shoppers
decision?
This is another feature of online shopping
which if considered by the customers visiting
e-stores. Majority of the respondents were
agreed that the interface of online website is
duly considered by them.
Do you think that personalised offers
by website will stimulate you for online
shopping?
The majority of the respondents showed their
interest in excitement in personalized offers
given by online shops.
In addition to above information, the respondents also shared
the information regarding their expectations for improvement in
online shopping websites. The respondents said that by improving
the after sale services, securities of the online payments, speed in
delivery of goods purchased and improving the packaging of the
goods can further increase the interest of shoppers for e-tailing
rather than visiting a retail store. (See Table 2)
Despite the possibility of security issues and some defaults in
delivery and transaction process, the majority of the respondents
said that in future too, they will continue their shopping through
web stores and they love to compare the various features of
the selected product with the competitor product. The results
obtained have shown that majority of the people (96%) in favour
of continuing with online shopping and 3 people did not respond
for this question.
Fig. 1:
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Table 2: Scope for Improvement in Online Shopping Websites
Improvement
Desired by
Respondents
After Sale
Service
Security of
Services
Speed of
Delivery
Packaging of
Products
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
52
54
11
50
53
15
57
43
14
43
54
16
VI. Conclusion and Implications of the Study
The current study is descriptive in nature and it has made an
attempt to understand the behaviour of Indian consumers towards
online shopping. Although statistical significance of various
parameters has not been examined but the generalized results
obtained through data analysis has given clear indication of
increasing significance of online stores in the life of Indian people.
The e-stores are frequently visited by the shoppers. The ease and
convenience provided by these stores for 24x7 has made very
easy shopping for consumers worldwide. The analysis discussed
in the above section has documented that the Indian customers
are also getting addicted to the online shopping and they do like
various features of online shopping as by rest of the world. But
the statistics available has shown that Indian market is still not a
fully developed market for e-tail stores. There is huge scope of
web-stores in various areas and in almost all the segments. The
young population is the biggest attraction of this industry and they
may contribute substantially to the growth of online shopping in
India. The majority of internet users are youngsters, the majority
of goods and services demanded are related to only this segment.
Travel planning is one of the biggest services used by Indian
online shoppers. The present study has several implications for
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business strategists. Considering the empirical evidences of the
present study it can be concluded that
1. The e-commerce market has a great potential for youth
segment. If the demographic features are considered carefully
then it can be easily identified that maximum number of
respondents of online shopping are lying in age group of 1825 years. There is wide mismatch in this segment compared
with the global market therefore the e-commerce companies
in line with manufacturers and service providers should target
this segment for rapid future growth of their business.
2. The buying behaviour of youth can be elaborated through
findings obtained through survey. By focussing on various
factors identified in this study, the corporate can make their
marketing strategies in better way. It will help to convert their
potential customers into active customers. By improving the
after sales services, providing more secured payment options,
timely delivery of the goods with better packaging can further
boost the demand of various products and services through
web stores.
3. The market segments like toys, flowers and house wares must
be targeted by the marketers on through e-tail penetration. And
the market for other products and services must be expanded
through more awareness among the customers.
4. As many people (approx. 21 percent of sample) has shown
fear of unsecured transactions in online payment therefore the
e-stores specifically mention about the security of transactions
of their e-stores which will increase the faith of customers
for online shopping
5. Further the strategist can also focus on the internet penetration
plan of the government to understand the future scope of size
of online shopping in India.
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Dr. Renuka Sharma is Doctorate in
Finance and completed her doctorate
dissertation in Efficiency of Indian
Capital Market. She is UGC JRFNET and SLET qualified. She is
Ph.D(Finance), M.Phil (Accounting &
Finance), MBA (Finance) and M.Com.
She has got various distinctions for her
academic performance. She has more
than ten years of teaching and research
experience. Her expert area is Capital
Market and Financial Management and
her interest areas include Statistics and Research Methodology.
She has organized FDPs/Workshops and Conferences at her
Business School. Approximately 25 research papers of national and
international repute are to her credit and she had presented more
than 12 papers in various national and international conferences
(Both India and Abroad). She is also a member of review board of
reputed journals. She has also chaired session in conferences (In
India and in Bangkok) She has also developed the study material
on finance related subjects under distance learning program of
reputed Indian universities.
International Journal of Management & Business Studies 17
IJMBS Vol. 4, Issue 3, Spl - 1 July - Sept 2014
ISSN : 2230-9519 (Online) | ISSN : 2231-2463 (Print)
Dr. Kiran Mehta has more than
ten years of teaching and research
experience. She is Ph.D(Finance),
M.Phil., MBA, and M.Com. She has
also qualified JRF-NET conducted by
UGC and qualified SLET conducted
by State Government of Haryana.
She is specialized in Finance related
subjects and her interest areas include
Business Environment and Marketing
Research. In her doctoral work she
made in-depth study of Stock Market
Anomalies. More than 25 research publications (both national and
international) are to her credit and she has also presented research
papers in more than 12 conferences of national and international
repute. She is an active member of Business School in organizing
FDPs/Workshops and Conferences. She has also chaired session in
various conferences at national level. She is a member of editorial
board of reputed journals and has developed study material for
finance related subjects under distance learning program of some
reputed Indian universities.
Shashank Sharma is currently pursuing
Masters in Business Administration
(MBA) from Chitkara Business School,
Chitkara University. He did B.Tech
in Electronics & Communication
from Kurukshetra University. He was
associated with Mahindra & Mahindra
as a Management Trainee for three
months where he completed his project
on Customer Brand Preference Of
Purchasing SUVs And MUVs In
Tricity . He has completed various Live
projects on Channel Distribution and Inventory Management
with pharmaceutical companies i.e. Martin & Brown and Zydus
Cadilla respectively. He has also been a part of the Winter School
Mumbai organised by Chitkara Business School where he visited
various institutions like RBI, SEBI, Bloomberg, AMFI and many
more.
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International Journal of Management & Business Studies
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