Overview
qUNIX Socket API overview
qSocket Programming
v Function
The Application Layer:
Socket Programming I
v Example
qDiscuss TCP vs. UDP
v UDP:
CSC 249
Sept 28, 2012
v TCP:
Socket Programming
socket
application
process
transport
transport
network
network
link
physical
Internet
Socket API Overview
q Socket Programming Procedures
v Socket()
v Bind()
v Listen()
v Accept()
v Connect()
v Send and receive procedures
v Close()
Application layer communication via the transport layer
goal: learn how to build client/server applications that
communicate using sockets
socket: door between application process and end-endtransport protocol
process
unreliable datagram
reliable, byte stream-oriented
All material copyright 1996-2012
J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross, All Rights Reserved
application
calls
link
controlled by
app developer
q And for DNS
v getHostByName
v getServByName
v getProtoByName
controlled
by OS
physical
SERVER
socket()
bind()
listen()
SERVER
CLIENT
socket()
bind()
accept()
connect
()
recv()
send()
send()
recv()
socket()
TCP
Flow
Chart
UDP
Flow
Chart
CLIENT
socket()
bind()
bind()
recvfrom()
sendto()
sendto()
recvfrom()
Procedures: Socket()
Socket-programming using TCP
Socket: an interface between application process and
the transport protocol (UCP or TCP)
TCP service: reliable transfer of bytes from one
process to another
q descriptor = socket(protoFamily, type)
v Creates a socket and returns an integer
descriptor
v ProtoFamily refers to Family of protocols that
this protocol belongs to, for TCP/IP use
PF_INET
v Type SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM
application
process
SOCK_STREAM Connection Oriented (TCP)
SOCK_DGRAM Connectionless (UDP)
transport
network
link
physical
socket
application
process
TCP: define/reserve
variables and buffers
transport
Internet
link
network
controlled by
app developer
controlled
by OS
physical
A first, simple socket example
Client
Process
process
input
stream
Client contacts server
Server creates new socket
q server process must first be
q when contacted by client, for
running
q server must have created
socket (door) that accepts
clients contact
output
stream
inFromServer
Client contacts server by:
outToServer
1) The client reads a line from
standard input (inFromUser
stream), sends it to server via
socket (outToServer stream)
2) The server reads the line from its
socket
3) The server converts the line to
uppercase, and sends it back to the
client
4) The client reads the modified line
from its socket (inFromServer
stream) and prints it to standard
output
monitor
inFromUser
keyboard
Client-server simple application:
Client/server socket interaction: TCP
client
TCP
clientSocket
socket
to network
q Creating TCP socket,
v Reserve required memory
v Specify server IP address and
port number
q Have client TCP layer
input
stream
establish connection to
server TCP layer (via TCP
handshaking, chap 3)
TCP
socket
from network
server process to communicate
with that particular client
v allows server to talk with
multiple clients
v source port numbers used to
distinguish clients (more in
Chap 3)
Application viewpoint:
TCP provides reliable, in-order
byte-stream transfer (pipe)
between client and server
Example app: TCP client
Client/server socket interaction: TCP
Server
(running on hostid)
10
Python TCPClient
Client
create socket,
port=x, for
incoming request:
serverSocket = socket()
wait for incoming
connection request
TCP
connection setup
connectionSocket =
serverSocket.accept()
read request from
connectionSocket
write reply to
connectionSocket
close
connectionSocket
create TCP socket for
server, remote port 12000
create socket,
connect to hostid, port=x
clientSocket = socket()
No need to attach server
name, port
send request using
clientSocket
from socket import *
serverName = servername
serverPort = 12000
clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
clientSocket.connect((serverName,serverPort))
sentence = raw_input(Input lowercase sentence:)
clientSocket.send(sentence)
modifiedSentence = clientSocket.recv(1024)
print From Server:, modifiedSentence
clientSocket.close()
read reply from
clientSocket
close
clientSocket
11
Application Layer
2-12
Example app: TCP server
Socket programming with UDP
Python TCPServer
read bytes from socket (but
not address as in UDP)
close connection to this
client (but not welcoming
socket)
sentence = connectionSocket.recv(1024)
capitalizedSentence = sentence.upper()
connectionSocket.send(capitalizedSentence)
connectionSocket.close()
Application Layer
application viewpoint
UDP provides unreliable transfer
of groups of bytes (datagrams)
between client and server
2-13
Client/server socket interaction: UDP
server (running on serverIP)
create socket, port= x:
serverSocket =
socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
read datagram from
serverSocket
write reply to
serverSocket
specifying
client address,
port number
UDP: transmitted data may be received out of order,
or lost
14
Example: UDP client
keyboard
client
create socket:
clientSocket =
socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
Create datagram with server IP and
port=x; send datagram via
clientSocket
input
stream
Client
Process
monitor
Input: receives
process
packet (recall
that TCP sent
byte stream)
UDP
packet
client
UDP
clientSocket
socket
read datagram from
clientSocket
to network
close
clientSocket
Application 2-15
packet (recall that
TCP received
byte stream)
Output: sends
receivePacket
loop forever
server waits on accept()
for incoming requests, new
socket created on return
inFromUser
server begins listening for
incoming TCP requests
UDP: no connection between client and server
q no handshaking
q sender explicitly attaches IP address and port of
destination to each packet
q server must extract IP address, port of sender from
received packet
sendPacket
create TCP welcoming
socket
from socket import *
serverPort = 12000
serverSocket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
serverSocket.bind((,serverPort))
serverSocket.listen(1)
print The server is ready to receive
while 1:
connectionSocket, addr = serverSocket.accept()
UDP
packet
UDP
socket
from network
16
Example app: UDP client
include Pythons socket
library
create UDP socket for
server
get user keyboard
input
Attach server name, port to
message; send into socket
read reply characters from
socket into string
print out received string
and close socket
Example app: UDP server
Python UDPClient
Python UDPServer
from socket import *
serverName = hostname
serverPort = 12000
clientSocket = socket(socket.AF_INET,
socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
message = raw_input(Input lowercase sentence:)
clientSocket.sendto(message,(serverName, serverPort))
modifiedMessage, serverAddress =
clientSocket.recvfrom(2048)
print modifiedMessage
clientSocket.close()
from socket import *
serverPort = 12000
serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
serverSocket.bind(('', serverPort))
print The server is ready to receive
while 1:
Application Layer
2-17
create UDP socket
bind socket to local port
number 12000
loop forever
Read from UDP socket into
message, getting clients
address (client IP and port)
send upper case string
back to this client
message, clientAddress = serverSocket.recvfrom(2048)
modifiedMessage = message.upper()
serverSocket.sendto(modifiedMessage, clientAddress)
Application Layer
2-18
Socket Summary
qSockets defined
v Through analogy to a door
An interface between the application and
the Internet
v Through
examples with socket-API
programming
v Through understanding the differences
between TCP and UDP sockets
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