Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 17K views

    11 History Notes 07 Changing Cultural Traditions

    Uploaded by

    Divya Kaul
    The document discusses major cultural changes in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries, including the Renaissance, Reformation, and rise of humanism. It provides context on: - The Renaissance sparked a revival of Greek/Latin culture through factors like the fall of Constantinople and rise of trade/middle class. - The Reformation challenged the Catholic Church's authority under Luther and led to the development of Protestantism. - Humanism emerged through figures like Cicero and emphasized secular subjects in schools. Arab scholars also contributed translations of Greek works on science/math. - Advances in fields like anatomy, astronomy and philosophy occurred through scientists such as Harvey, Copernicus, Kepler and Newton

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    11 History Notes 07 Changing Cultural Traditions

    Uploaded by

    Divya Kaul
    17K views5 pages
    The document discusses major cultural changes in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries, including the Renaissance, Reformation, and rise of humanism. It provides context on: - The Renaissance sparked a revival of Greek/Latin culture through factors like the fall of Constantinople and rise of trade/middle class. - The Reformation challenged the Catholic Church's authority under Luther and led to the development of Protestantism. - Humanism emerged through figures like Cicero and emphasized secular subjects in schools. Arab scholars also contributed translations of Greek works on science/math. - Advances in fields like anatomy, astronomy and philosophy occurred through scientists such as Harvey, Copernicus, Kepler and Newton

    Original Description:

    notes

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses major cultural changes in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries, including the Renaissance, Reformation, and rise of humanism. It provides context on: - The Renaissance sparked a revival of Greek/Latin culture through factors like the fall of Constantinople and rise of trade/middle class. - The Reformation challenged the Catholic Church's authority under Luther and led to the development of Protestantism. - Humanism emerged through figures like Cicero and emphasized secular subjects in schools. Arab scholars also contributed translations of Greek works on science/math. - Advances in fields like anatomy, astronomy and philosophy occurred through scientists such as Harvey, Copernicus, Kepler and Newton

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17K views5 pages

    11 History Notes 07 Changing Cultural Traditions

    Uploaded by

    Divya Kaul
    The document discusses major cultural changes in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries, including the Renaissance, Reformation, and rise of humanism. It provides context on: - The Renaissance sparked a revival of Greek/Latin culture through factors like the fall of Constantinople and rise of trade/middle class. - The Reformation challenged the Catholic Church's authority under Luther and led to the development of Protestantism. - Humanism emerged through figures like Cicero and emphasized secular subjects in schools. Arab scholars also contributed translations of Greek works on science/math. - Advances in fields like anatomy, astronomy and philosophy occurred through scientists such as Harvey, Copernicus, Kepler and Newton

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Theme - 7

    Changing Cultural Traditions


    The phenomenon that mark the change of cultural Traditions in Europe is

    Renaissance

    Meaning

    Causes

    Effects

    Rebirth / Revival of the


    ancientGreek and Latin
    Culture

    Contact of the
    east and
    the west

    Rise of the new


    middle class

    Downfall of
    feudalism

    Rise of national
    states

    Rise of new
    towns & trade
    Fall of
    Constantinople
    to the Ottoman
    Turks

    Crusades

    Reformation
    movement

    Beginning of
    modern age

    Humanism

    Hamanistic
    art

    Rationalism

    Rationa list
    art
    Humanistic
    literature
    Humanities
    stream

    Scientific
    view point
    Rationalist
    Literuture

    Causes

    Results

    Autocracy Protestant
    of the Movement
    Church by Martin
    Luther
    Academy of Science
    Galileo
    Harvey

    Development of
    Science

    Copernicus
    Kepler
    Newton

    42

    Meaning

    From the fourteenth to the end of the seventeenth century towns were growing in many
    countries of Europe. A distinct ' Urban Culture' also developed.
    Florence, Venice and Rome became centers of art and learning. The invention of printing at t h e
    same time made books and prints available to many people. A sense of history also developed in
    Europe.
    Religion came to be se en as something which each individual should choose for himself. The
    church's belief was overturned by Scientists.

    The revival of Italian cities


    Western Europe was being reshaped by feudal bonds and unified under the Latin Church and
    eastern Europe under the Byzantine Empire, and Islam was Creating a common civilisation further
    west, Italy was weak and fragmented. The ports on the Italian coast revived.

    Independent City States - Florence and Venice


    -

    Rich merchants and bankers actively participated in governing the city .

    Univercities and Humanism


    The universities of Padua and Bologna had been centers of legal studies.
    Increased demand for lawyers and notaries
    By the early fifteenth century, the term 'humanist' was used for masters who taught grammar,
    rhetoric, poetry, history and moral philosophy. The Latin word humanitas, from which 'humanities'
    was derived, had been used many centuries ago by the Roman lawyer and essayist Cicero. The
    term ' Renaissance Man' is often used to describe a person with many interests and skills.

    Periodisation used by humanists


    5th - 14th Century
    5th - 9th Century
    9th - 11th Century
    11th - 14th Century
    15th Century onwards

    The Middle Ages


    The Dark Ages
    The Early Middle Ages
    The Late Middle Ages
    The Modern Age

    Science and Philosophy :


    The Arab's Contribution. In the fourteenth century, many scholars began to read translated
    works of greek writers Plato and Aristotle.
    These were works on Natural science, Mathematics, astronomy, medicine and chemistry.
    Muslim writers were regarded as men of wisdom in the Italian world, were Ibn Sin a and al-Razi.
    Humanist Subjects began to be introduced in Schools.
    Artists and Realism
    Knowledge of geometry helped them understand perspective and that by noting the changing
    quality of light, their pictures acquired a three - dimensional quality.

    43

    Anatomy, Geometry, physics, as well as a strong sense of what was beautiful, gave a new quality
    to Italian art, which was to be called realism'
    Aspirations of women The first printed book - A new concept of human beings the Copernican Revolution.
    Sources :
    Cathedral of Florence, Ptolemy's Almagest, The Pieta ' by Michelangelo, The Prince by
    Machiavell ; The Courtier by Bathasar Castiglione
    Time Line
    The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries - Refer to page No. 155 of Text Book
    The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries - refer to page No. -165 of Text Book

    Key Words
    HumanismThe Latin word humanists from which 'humanities' was derived, had been used many centuries
    ago by the Roman lawyer and essayist Cicero. It is not drawn from or connected with religion.
    The New Testament The New Testament is the section of the Bible dealing with the life and teachings of Christ and his
    early followers.
    The Renaissance Man The term ' Renaissance Man' is often used to describe a person with many interests and skills.
    They were scholar - diplomat - theologian - artist combined in one.

    Model Questions
    2 Marks questions :
    1. What is 'humanism' ?
    2. What do you mean by the Renaissance Man ?
    3. Write the names of two muslim writers of this period ?
    4. What do you understand by 'realism' ?
    5. Who is Martin Luther ?
    5 Marks Question
    1. Write about the new concept of human beings ?
    2. Describe about the architectural developments in this period.
    3. What were the contribution of Arabs towards Science and Philosophy ?
    4. How t he Italian cities were revived ?
    5. Write about the City - States
    10 Marks Question
    1. Describe about the changes within Christinity during this period ?
    2. Write about the Copernican Revolution ?
    3. Was there a European 'Renaissance' in the Fourteenth Century' ?

    44

    Model Answer
    2 Marks Questions :
    Q.
    What do you mean by the Renaissance Man ?
    Ans.
    The term 'Renaissance Man' is often used to describe a person with many interests and
    skills. They were scholar - diplomat - theologian - artist combined in one .
    5 Marks Questions :
    1
    What were t he contribution of Arabs towards science and Philosophy ?
    Ans. i) In the fourteenth century, many scholars began to read translated works of greek writers like
    Plato and Aristotle
    ii) Translated works of Arabic and Persian Scholars for further transmission to other
    Europeans.
    iii) These were works on natural science, mathematics, astronomy, medicine and chemistry.
    iv) Muslim writers regarded as men of wisdom in the Italian world were Ibn Sina and al- Razi.
    v) Humanist subject began to be introduced in schools.
    10 Marks Questions :
    1.
    Describe about the changes within Christianity during their period ?
    Ans. i) Trade and travel, Military Conquest and diplomatic contacts linked Italian towns with the
    world beyond.
    ii) Christian humanists like Thomas More and Erasmus felt that the church had become an
    institution marked by greed.
    iii) Sell of 'indulgence'
    iv) Peasants began to rebel against the taxes imposed by the Church.
    v) Martin Luther launched a campaign against the Catholic Church.
    vi) A person did not need priests to establish contact with God.
    vii) The Protestant Reformation led to the Churches breaking their connection with the Pope
    and the Catholic Church.
    viii) Luther's ideas were popularised by Ulrich Zwingli and Jean Calvin.
    ix) German reformer Anabaptists blended the idea of salvation with the end of all forms of
    social oppression.
    x) Luther did not support radicalism.

    Passage based Question


    The City - State

    1.
    Ans.
    2.
    Ans.

    Cardinal Gasparo Contarini ........... right of government. ( Page - 154) of text book
    Write the name of the book written by Cardinal Gasparo Contarini ?
    'The commonwealth and government of Venice'.
    Contarini has written the book about which aspect of the City - State ?
    About the democratic government of his city - state.

    45

    [2]
    [2]

    MARTIN LUTHER WRITES THE NINETY FIVE THESES

    LUTHER TRANSLATES THE BIBLE INTO GERMAN

    PEASANT UP RISING IN GERMANY

    ANDREAS VESALIUS WRITES ON ANATOMY

    ANGLI CAN CLTURE ESTABLISHED IN ENGLAND WITH KINGS AND QUEENS AS HEAD

    GERHARDUS PREPARES SYLINDRAL MAP OF THE EARTH

    GREGARIAN CALENDAR INTRODUCED BY POPE-GREGORY -XII

    1516

    1517

    1522

    1525

    1543

    1559

    1569

    1582

    46
    ISAAC NEWTON'S PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICS PUBLISHED

    1628
    ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SET UP IN PARIS

    HARVEY LINKS HEART WITH BLOOD CIRCULATION

    THOMAS MORE'S UTOPIA PUBLISED

    3.
    Ans.
    4.
    Ans.
    Who are admitted into the Council ?
    All the gentlemen of the city being once past the age of 25 years are admitted
    Who very often fell to poverty ?
    The honest citizens and those that are liberally brought up, often fall to poverty
    ---[2]

    [2]

    Road Map of Cultural Change

    1673

    1687

    You might also like