Paving - Principles of Asphalt Paving PP

Principles of Paving
Principles of Paving rev 8-2009
Paver System Five

Grade Control Systems
Tremendous benefits to
the paving contractor:
Increase efficiency and
productivity
Control Material
Quantities
Improve smoothness
and rideability
Increase jobsite safety
= The answer for
perfect, smooth paving?
Control Sensors
Sonic Control
Laser Control
Slope Control
Smoothtrac
Sonic Averaging
System
Paver System Five

Good Paving Practice
Grade Control
Control
Sensors
Control
Sensors
Control
Sensors
Decent paving
=
Fair paving
=
Great paving!
Good principles of paving must
come BEFORE Grade Control
Paving is a TEAM project
Grade control is a great tool to
help the paving team:
be more efficient
control material quantities
provide a smoother
surface
Train the entire TEAM!
Paver Components
Asphalt Paver
The paver has two
primary components:
Tractor
Screed
Paver Tractor
Tractor has two primary functions
Material Handling
Forward Movement
Paver Tractor
Asphalt distribution
The paver typically receives
the asphalt:
directly from a truck
by a pickup machine
(windrow elevator)
Paver Tractor
The asphalt is received into the pavers hopper
Hopper is a holding station for the asphalt
The operator tilts the hopper to deliver material into the feeder conveyor
Paver Tractor
Feeder conveyors
distribute the asphalt to
the augers
The augers spread the
asphalt in front of the
screed
End gates contain the
material at the outer
edge of the screed
Screed Components
Paver Screed
Function of the screed is mat laydown
Screed has several components
Screed concept
The screed floats on the asphalt as it passes under the screed plate
The screed will self-level and maintain a thickness based on the forces
acting on the screed.
Floating, Self-Leveling Screed
Screed Concept
The desired thickness is controlled by the screed angle of attack
As the angle of attack is increased or decreased, the screed will float up
or down changing the thickness
Screed angle
of attack
controls mat
thickness
Changing Angle of Attack

The angle of attack can be changed by:
The manual crank
The hydraulic cylinder at the tow point
Screed Concept
If the angle of attack is
increased,
Mat thickness increases
decreased,
Mat thickness decreases

The paver tractor, and therefore the screed tow point, travel over the
existing rough surface
The floating screed doesnt react immediately to the variations in the tow
point path
The floating screed seeks its own level, smoothing out small humps and
bumps.
Floating, self-leveling screed

The floating screed naturally cuts off high spots and fill in low spots.
Cuts off high spots
Fills in low spots

Screed Reaction
Tow point step disturbance and screed reaction
Two point is changed by a unit of one (1)
Net effect = the angle of attack has been changed
Screed Reaction
Example of tow point step disturbance and screed reaction
Two point is changed by a unit of one (1)
Screed Reaction
Example of change in angle of attach by turning manual crank and
screed reaction.
Checking Mat Depth

Goal is to average a particular paving thickness
Always check several places, horizontally and laterally
Adjusting Mat Depth

Once an adjustment is made GIVE THE SCREED TIME TO REACT!
Adjusting Mat Depth

Goal Provide smoothness and compaction, while hitting target tonnage
for entire project!
Determine average depth by measuring tons/mile
Make small adjustments based on calculation

Left alone, the screed will self-level and assume a thickness based on
forces that are acting on the screed.
What are these forces?
Forces Acting on the Screed

There are four major forces acting on the screed
Forces Acting on the Screed

If any one of these forces change, the mat thickness will change.
But in real life job applications, these forces cannot always remain
constant.
Tow Point Force

If the forward speed
increases;
decreases;
mat thickness
will decrease
mat thickness
will increase
Goal - Non-stop, continuous paving!
Tow Point Force

Goal - Non-stop, continuous paving!
Determine paving speed based on plant supply in tons/hour
Regulate trucks to the paving supply and operation, not the
paving operation to the trucks
Plant supply = 210 tons/hour
Paving speed = 25/minute
Tow Point Force

Maintain smooth truck exchange!
Bump in mat at every truck exchange

(probably caused by faulty grade control!)
In Motion Switches
While stopped waiting for trucks, the screed will settle slightly
Screed goes down, the tracker will also go down slightly
In Motion Switches
Grade control would want to drive the tow cylinder up to compensate
The pavers In-Motion switch stops the valve electrical signal
A timer initiates the electrical signal after the paver is in-motion
Head of Material Force
Maintain a CONSISTANT head of material
Maintain a
CONSISTANT
head of material
Maintain a CONSISTANT head of material
Reaction of Material Force
Mix Characteristics
Gradation
Segregation
Mix Temperature
Weight of the Screed Force

Compaction Force = Pounds per square inch

Compaction Force = Pounds per square inch
How can the weight force change? (lbs per square inch)
People climbing on and off the screed can have a small effect
on overall screed weight

Screed extension
Changing screed width
changes the compaction
force - Lbs per square inch
Roller Compaction
Good rolling practice is critical to the quality of the mat
Roller Compaction
A freshly laid, smooth mat will reflect some of the original
surface after rolling
Quality of the base being paved affects smoothness
Multiple lifts help to minimize these effects
Mechanical condition of the Paver

The paving machine itself needs to be in good shape and adjusted
correctly
Feeder system
Hopper, flight chain operation and adjustment, augers, etc.

Operation and adjustment of feeder controls
No excessive wear on screed components
Screed plates
Thickness control screws, bearings, and bushings
Screed pivot point bushings
Screed adjustment
Strike off plates
Screed flatness
Screed extensions adjusted properly, elevation and slope
Paver System Five

Good Paving Practice
Grade Control
Control
Sensors
Control
Sensors
Control
Sensors
Decent paving
=
Fair paving
=
Great paving!
Paver System Five

Tow point is smoothly controlled to a desired path:
Curb
Stringline
SAS smoothing out existing surface
Then let the floating, self-leveling screed do its job!

Best Paving Practices
Good mechanical condition of the paver

Minimize changes in the natural forces on the screed
Non-stop, continuous paving
Good, smooth truck exchange

Constant paving speed
Constant head of material
Consistent mix characteristics
Good rolling techniques
Good quality of sub-base
Understand proper setup and operation of Grade Control

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Principles of Paving

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Paver System Five

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Paver System Five

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Train the entire TEAM!

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Floating, Self-Leveling Screed

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Changing Angle of Attack

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Mat thickness increases

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Mat thickness decreases

Floating, Self-Leveling Screed

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Floating, self-leveling screed

Cuts off high spots

Fills in low spots

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Checking Mat Depth

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Adjusting Mat Depth

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Adjusting Mat Depth

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Floating, Self-Leveling Screed

What are these forces?

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Forces Acting on the Screed

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Forces Acting on the Screed

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Tow Point Force

Goal - Non-stop, continuous paving!

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Tow Point Force

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Tow Point Force

Bump in mat at every truck exchange

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Head of Material Force

Maintain a CONSISTANT head of material

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Head of Material Force

Principles of Paving rev 8-2009

Head of Material Force

Maintain a CONSISTANT head of material