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Chapter 5 Light: Understanding Lenses

The document discusses lenses and their properties. It defines different types of lenses such as convex and concave lenses. Convex lenses converge light while concave lenses diverge light. Key lens properties are also defined, including focal length, focal point, and power. Formulas for thin lens equations, magnification, and the lens formula are provided. Real and virtual images formed by convex and concave lenses are illustrated using ray diagrams.

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392 views34 pages

Chapter 5 Light: Understanding Lenses

The document discusses lenses and their properties. It defines different types of lenses such as convex and concave lenses. Convex lenses converge light while concave lenses diverge light. Key lens properties are also defined, including focal length, focal point, and power. Formulas for thin lens equations, magnification, and the lens formula are provided. Real and virtual images formed by convex and concave lenses are illustrated using ray diagrams.

Uploaded by

dirza82
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5 Light

Understanding Lenses

Lenses

Lens is made from transparent material


with at least one curved surface.

Biconvex
(Double)

Plano
convex

Concavo
convex
(positive
meniscus)

Biconcave
(Double)

Plano
concave

Concavo
concave
(negative
meniscus)

Lenses

Convex Lenses

Concave Lenses

Surface that curved


outwards
Converging lenses

Surface that curved


inwards in the middle
Diverging lenses

Convex Lenses

Converge parallel beam of light to a point


on the principal axis

2F

Concave Lenses

Diverge parallel beam of light to a point on


the principal axis

2F

Differences

Thicker in the middle

Thinner in the middle

Correct longsightedness
F is real
Converge parallel light
beam to F

Correct shortsightedness
F is virtual
Diverge parallel light
beam from F

focal point

principal axis

focal point

principal axis
C

Convex Lenses

Converge parallel beam of light to a point


on the principal axis

2F

Concave Lenses

Diverge parallel beam of light to a point on


the principal axis

2F

Terms
Optical centre, C
Centre of lens which lights pass without
deviation.
Principal axis
Straight line pass through optical centre
and joining centre of curvatures

Terms
Focal point (principal focus), F of
a convex lens is that point on the principal
axis to which incident parallel rays
converge after refraction through the lens

2F

Terms
Focal point (principal focus), F of
a concave lens is that point on the
principal axis from which incident parallel
rays appear to diverge after refraction
through the lens

2F

Terms
Focal length, f of a lens
Distance between F and C of the lens
Focal plane,
Plane at the F and perpendicular to the
principal axis. Rays which are not parallel
to the principal axis of a lens are brought
to a focus on the focal plane.

Terms

Focal Plane

Focal plane

2F

Terms

Focal Plane

2F

F
Focal plane

Power of a Lens
P measures deviation of light rays after
passing through lens.
P defined as the reciprocal of its focal
length in metres.
1
100
P
or P
f (in metres)
f (in cm)

Unit of P : m-1 or dioptre (D)


Power of convex lens is +ve
Power of concave lens is -ve

Power of Lens
The shorter the focal length, the greater
the power.
f
P

Power of Lens (Convex)

A thinner convex lens has a longer focal


length, f but a lower power, P.

Power of Lens (Concave)

A thinner concave lens has a shorter focal


length, f but a higher power, P.

Example 1
a) Find the power of
(i) a convex lens of f = 10.0 cm
(ii) a concave lens of f = 15.0 cm
b) Calculate the focal length of
(i) a lens of power 6.25 D
(ii) a lens of power + 2.00 D

Answer
a) (i)
(ii)
b) (i)
(ii)

f = + 10.0 cm
P = 100/f = 100/+10 = +10.0 D
f = 15.0 cm
P = 100/-15 = -6.67 D
P = -6.25 D
Concave lens
f = 100/P = 100/-6.25 = -16.0cm
P = +2.00 D Convex lens
f = 100/+2 = +50.0cm

Ray Diagrams (Convex lens)

Image can be located by drawing 2 out of


3 rays in steps shown below.

1
F

C
3

F
und
evia
te d
ray

2F
4
I

Ray Diagrams (Concave


lens)

Image can be located by drawing 2 out of


3 rays in steps shown below.
2

2F

I 4

Image (Thin Convex Lens)


u=
I at v = f
real, inverted, diminished

F
2F

I
f

Image (Thin Convex Lens)


u > 2f
I at f < v < 2f
real, inverted, diminished

I
O

2F

2F

Image (Thin Convex Lens)


u = 2f
I at v = 2f
real, inverted, same size as object

2F

O
2F

Image (Thin Convex Lens)


f < u < 2f
I at v > 2f
real, inverted, magnified

2F

2F

Image (Thin Convex Lens)


u=f
I at v =
virtual, upright, magnified, same side as O

O
2F

Ey
e

Image (Thin Convex Lens)


u<f
I at v > u
virtual, upright, magnified, same side as O

2F

u
v

Image (Thin Concave Lens)


u = any position
I formed between O and the lens
virtual, upright, diminished

2F

Eye

Linear magnification
Linear

D
m
d

magnification of lens,

= size of image
d = size of object

Linear magnification
m < 1, image < object
m = 1, image = object
m > 1, image > object

Linear magnification

Linear magnification of lens can also be


written as:

image distance
m
object distance
v

Lens Formula

Relation between f, u, v.

1 1 1

f u v

Lens Formula
Convex lens, f = +
Object = real, u = +
Image = real, v = +

Concave lens, f = Object = virtual, u = Image = virtual, v =

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