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440 views114 pages

In Touch SPC

spc

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Raja Ramachandran

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Wonderware FactorySuite

SPCPro Users Guide

Revision A
September 2002

Invensys Systems, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this documentation shall be reproduced, stored

in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the Invensys Systems, Inc. No copyright or patent liability is assumed with
respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every
precaution has been taken in the preparation of this documentation, the
publisher and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions.
Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the
information contained herein.
The information in this documentation is subject to change without notice and
does not represent a commitment on the part of Invensys Systems, Inc. The
software described in this documentation is furnished under a license or
nondisclosure agreement. This software may be used or copied only in
accordance with the terms of these agreements.

2002 Invensys Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Invensys Systems, Inc.
33 Commercial Street
Foxboro, MA 02035
(949) 727-3200
http://www.wonderware.com
Trademarks
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service
marks have been appropriately capitalized. Invensys Systems, Inc. cannot
attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not
be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
Alarm Logger, ActiveFactory, ArchestrA, Avantis, DBDump, DBLoad,
DTAnalyst, FactoryFocus, FactoryOffice, FactorySuite, hotlinks, InBatch,
InControl, IndustrialRAD, IndustrialSQL Server, InTouch, InTrack,
MaintenanceSuite, MuniSuite, QI Analyst, SCADAlarm, SCADASuite,
SuiteLink, SuiteVoyager, WindowMaker, WindowViewer, Wonderware, and
Wonderware Logger are trademarks of Invensys plc, its subsidiaries and
affiliates. All other brands may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Contents

Contents
Welcome to SPCPro...........................................7
Installing SPCPro ................................................................................... 7
Upgrading SPCPro from a Previous Version...................................... 8
System Requirements............................................................................. 8
The Basis of SPC.................................................................................... 9
SPC Program Design Considerations....................................................11
SPCPro Features....................................................................................11
SPC Chart Wizards ............................................................................11
Variable Sized Display Windows ..................................................... 12
SPC Analysis .................................................................................... 12
Integrated Alarming.......................................................................... 13
Distributed SPC ................................................................................ 13
Multiple Data Entry Schemes........................................................... 13
About this Manual................................................................................ 15
Technical Support................................................................................. 16
Your FactorySuite License ................................................................... 17

CHAPTER 1: Configuring an ODBC Database...

19
Configuring a SPC Database................................................................ 19
Configuring a Single Node Application's Database ......................... 19
Configuring a Distributed Application's Database ........................... 23
Configuring SPC Database Users ........................................................ 27

CHAPTER 2: Creating SPC Datasets ..............29

Configuring SPC Datasets.................................................................... 29
Configuring Dataset Products........................................................... 35
Configuring SPC Alarms.................................................................. 37
Monitoring the Alarm State of an SPC Tagname ............................. 38
Configuring Special Causes.............................................................. 41
Configuring Indirect Datasets .............................................................. 42
Importing SPC Datasets ....................................................................... 43

CHAPTER 3: Using the SPC Chart Wizards...47

Control Charts ...................................................................................... 47
Histograms ........................................................................................... 49
Pareto Charts ........................................................................................ 50
Installing the SPC Chart Wizards......................................................... 50
SPC Limits Wizard............................................................................... 53
Configuring the SPC Control Chart Wizard......................................... 55
InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Contents

Configuring the SPC Histogram Wizard...............................................59

Configuring the SPC Pareto Chart Wizard ...........................................60
Configuring the SPC Limit Wizard.......................................................61

CHAPTER 4: SPC Application Techniques ....65

Changing Datasets.................................................................................65
Changing Indirect Datasets................................................................65
Changing Collected Products within a Dataset .................................66
Changing Displayed Products within a Dataset ................................66
Creating New Products in Runtime...................................................67
Manipulating Control Charts ................................................................68
Scrolling a Chart................................................................................68
Filling a Chart with Current Sample Data.........................................69
Entering Data into Attribute Charts...................................................70
Detailed Sample Information ................................................................70
Manual Input Information .................................................................72
Automatic Timed-based Collection...................................................74
Performing Corrective Action on a Sample ......................................74
Modifying and Deleting Samples......................................................77

CHAPTER 5: SPC DDE Items and SPC

Functions ...........................................................81
Using SPC DDE Items ..........................................................................81
SPC Control and Display DDE Items ...............................................81
SPC Current Sample DDE Items.......................................................83
SPC Manual Input DDE Items ..........................................................87
SPC Selection DDE Items .................................................................88
SPC Functions.......................................................................................91

CHAPTER 6: The SPCPro Utility.....................95

Upgrading Your SPCPro Database .......................................................95
Managing Your Microsoft Access Database.........................................96

CHAPTER 7: Technical References ................99

SPC Calculations...................................................................................99
X Individual.......................................................................................99
Xbar - s ..............................................................................................99
Xbar - R, Xmoving - Rmoving........................................................100
C chart .............................................................................................101
P chart..............................................................................................101
NP chart ...........................................................................................101
U chart .............................................................................................102
EWMA chart ...................................................................................102

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Contents

CuSum chart ................................................................................... 102

Histogram ....................................................................................... 103
Capability........................................................................................ 103
Iterative Calculation Method.............................................................. 103
Bibliography....................................................................................... 104
Glossary of Terms .............................................................................. 105

Index ................................................................ 111

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Contents

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Welcome to SPCPro

Welcome to the Wonderware InTouch, SPCPro add-on program. The

SPCPro program has been designed to provide fully integrated SPC features
for use with Wonderware InTouch. SPCPro provides you with the tools for
creating InTouch applications that perform Statistical Process Control.
SPC is the acronym for Statistical Process Control. Statistical Process Control
is a method of gathering and analyzing data from a process to solve practical
quality problems. The term Statistical means that decisions will be based on
numerical analysis. The term Process refers to the concern for a specific
production process and its ability to produce output of consistent quality. The
term Control means monitoring a process and adjusting it whenever necessary
in order for the process to perform optimally. In summary, SPC is a method for
monitoring and controlling a process by gathering data about the
characteristics of the output, analyzing the data, and drawing conclusions
based on that data.
Control and data entry for SPC is performed in runtime through either built-in
dialog boxes or through DDE.

Contents
Installing SPCPro
System Requirements
The Basis of SPC
SPC Program Design Considerations
SPCPro Features
About this Manual
Technical Support
Your FactorySuite License

Installing SPCPro
The Wonderware FactorySuite installation program is used to install InTouch
and its add-ons. InTouch runs on Microsoft Windows 2000 or Windows NT
operating systems. The installation program creates directories as needed and
copies files from the compact disk to your hard drive.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Before You Begin

You will use the InTouch WindowMaker development environment to create

and modify your SPCPro applications. Control and data entry for SPCPro is
performed in the InTouch WindowViewer runtime environment either through
built-in program dialog boxes or through DDE.
When you install the SPCPro add-on program, it is automatically added to the
WindowMaker Application Explorer. The Application Explorer provides you
with quick access to all of the SPCPro program's configuration commands. For
example:

For more information on the WindowMaker Application Explorer, see your

InTouch User's Guide.

Upgrading SPCPro from a Previous Version

SPCPro includes a utility for converting existing SPCPro data from a previous
version to the format required for this release. The utility, SPCUTIL.EXE is
located in your InTouch directory.
Note You must run SPCUTIL.EXE prior to running WindowMaker or
WindowViewer in order to upgrade your existing SPCPro data to the new
format.
For more information on using SPCUTIL.EXE, see Chapter 6, "The SPCPro
Utility."

System Requirements
To run SPCPro, we recommend the following hardware and software:

Any IBM compatible PC with a Pentium II 200 Mhz processor or higher.

At least 100MB of free hard disk space. (More required for Access)
At least 64MB of random-access memory (RAM).
SVGA display adapter (2MB RAM recommended).

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Welcome to SPCPro

Pointing device. For example, mouse, trackball, touch screen.

Microsoft Windows 2000 or Windows NT 4.0 SP4 (or later) operating
systems.

SPCPro Minimum Hardware requirements are a Pentium II 200 Mhz with 64

MB RAM for 10 automatic collection datasets or less. If more then 10 datasets,
additional RAM and processor speed maybe required. View only nodes require
a minimum configuration of Pentium 150Mhz and 64 MB of RAM.

The Basis of SPC

The quantitative measurement of quality characteristics is the basis of SPC.
The idea is to gather enough samples so that you get to know the process you
are monitoring. You know whether the process is running well or not, but more
importantly, you get to know exactly what the limits of the process really are.
Knowing the limits of a process is essential because every process and every
system, no matter how tightly controlled, has some variation. This variation is
the cumulative error of every element in the system. It is a built-in component
and can only be changed by making changes in the system.
Normal process variations are known to have Common Causes. A system that
produces output within the limits of its natural variations is considered to be in
control. When a system is in control, it is operating optimally and therefore
should be left alone.
For example, consider a requirement to drill a hole in a block of metal 1.0 inch
from the edge. This requires that the metal block be positioned properly in the
tool. The accuracy of the hole position might be .002 inches, due to the
irregularities of the block itself, thus this represents the limits of this drilling
process. No adjustment in the block positioning will improve these limits; in
fact, making adjustments to this "in control" system would only make things
worse. This knowledge of a system's natural variation is the essence of SPC. If
the natural variation is known, one can focus on ways to reduce it. Small
incremental changes, designed to improve process consistency, can be
analyzed objectively rather than subjectively.
There are many causes of variation in a process that can be identified and
eliminated rather easily. For example, when a tool wears down it can be
replaced, when measuring instruments are not properly calibrated they can be
reset or, when faulty raw materials are received, they can be returned to the
vendor. These are called Assignable Causes or, Special Causes. Once an
engineer can quantify Special Causes that are responsible for out-of-control
conditions in the process, he can focus on the most frequent offenders and
devise improvements to reduce their occurrence. This allows SPC to play an
important role in implementing Total Quality Management (TQM).

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Before You Begin

In SPC terms, the natural variations of a process are referred to as the control
limits. They are determined from many measurements of data taken over a
long period of time. Within the scope of SPC, a measurement refers to a single
instance of data, for example, a temperature is 78 degrees. A measurement is
also called a reading or observation. A sample is a collection of one or more
measurements used to calculate a point on an SPC chart. A group is any
complete set of samples that is used to create an SPC chart. When multiple
measurements are used as a sample, they are sometimes referred to as a subgroup.
Although the mathematical calculations involved in determining system
control limits aren't that difficult, the theory behind them is obscure to most.
The end result is that the control limits calculated for a given process represent
a range into which 99.7% of the in control samples will fall. The calculation of
control limits is an iterative process. In the first pass, all samples are used and
initial limits are defined. Then, samples falling outside of the limits are
eliminated and the limits are recalculated. This process continues until all
remaining samples fall within the control limits, which represent true common
cause control limits. Future samples can now be graphed against these limits.
When a process is in control, a completely random pattern will emerge in the
charts. The user can use these plots to monitor how the process is doing. Any
discernible trends, unusual cycles or out-of-limit samples will be cause for
alarm.
Typical SPC charts deal with two types of data: Variable and Attribute.
Variable data consists of measurable parameters such as diameters, weights,
temperatures, etc. Attribute data is a quantitative measurement, such as the
number of rejected parts, number of defects per assembly, etc.
There are two distinct phases involved in setting up a quality program for a
manufacturing process. The first phase is analytical. Quality Control engineers
must evaluate the process to determine what data should be monitored and how
often samples should be collected. Data must then be collected to obtain a
history of the process. A process description can be derived from this history
that will indicate the center of the process and natural variation.
Phase two of the program involves using the process description as a control
element for alarm monitoring and optimization. Samples are collected on a
regular basis and plotted on control charts whose centerline and range were
determined by the historical data. The user can monitor these charts on their
user interface screens, to see if the process is stable and within limits as it runs
on the factory floor. If there are Special Cause variations in the operation,
appropriate actions can be taken based on these observations to correct out-oflimit operation. In addition, the effects of any process setpoint changes or
optimization strategies can also be observed and evaluated objectively. These
continual improvement and optimization strategies are at the heart of practical
implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM).

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Welcome to SPCPro

SPC Program Design Considerations

SPC has been designed to primarily address the needs of the plant floor user.
By this we mean that the focus of the product is to provide immediate, realtime feedback on the process of interest. It has been designed to be a "tool" to
assist the user; not to be just another job that the user is required to perform. As
such, we have concentrated on making it easy to enter data, change the view of
data, review alarms and assign comments and causes to the SPC samples. It
lets the user ask "How am I doing?"; "Should I adjust it or should I leave it
alone?"
Very little knowledge of SPC is required of the runtime operator. The
application developer must be able to configure the SPC Datasets and create
the SPC objects, but the operator only needs to know how to enter the data
(which could also be automated) and how to respond to alarm conditions.
Production and process engineers will find the SPC Program useful in the
implementation of Total Quality Management strategies which call for
continuously improving the process variability. By having the user assign
Special Causes to any out of control alarm conditions, the engineer can focus
improvement efforts on the most frequently occurring special causes. Also, the
merits of small changes to the system can be objectively evaluated.
SPC can be up and running very quickly. The Dataset configurations are easy
to setup and there are many built-in features like Value Windows, Manual
Input Dialogs, SPC Limit Wizards and Detail Information Dialogs. Complete
custom SPC applications can be created by using the large number of DDE
items and SPC functions for SPCPro charts and through the database tables.
All data, both current and historical is available. Any database reporting tool
can be used to create custom reports.
Note While it is true that communications between InTouch and SPCPro use
DDE, SPCPro takes advantage of Wonderware's SuiteLink protocol
capabilities to acquire data from the plant.

SPCPro Features
The SPCPro add-on program provides you with the following features:

SPC Chart Wizards

The whole purpose of using SPC is to alert the operator if the process is not
normal. A normal process creates a chart with a completely random
distribution of data. Using three standard deviations as the control limits
ensures the statistical probability that 997 out of 1000 samples will be within
the control limits. Any observed trends, cycles or out-of-limit samples are
cause for alarm. The appearance of any alarm should require the user to make
an acknowledgment and input the suspected cause.
The SPCPro program provides you with three SPC Chart wizards: Control
Chart, Histogram and Pareto. You can configure the Control Chart wizard to
display X Individual, X bar - R, X bar - s, Moving-X Moving-R, CUSUM,
EWMA, C, P, U, and NP Charts.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Before You Begin

For more information on using the SPC Chart Wizards, see Chapter 3, "Using
the SPC Chart Wizards."

Variable Sized Display Windows

Charts can be sized for full screen display or sized to allow many charts per
screen.

SPC Analysis
The following briefly describes each supported SPC Analysis type:

X Individual
This type of chart is used for a single value of variable data to determine the
stability of the center of the process. The control limits for these charts are
determined by calculating the standard deviation of the sample population.

X bar, R chart
These types of charts are used for multiple values of variable data to determine
the stability of the center and range of the process. The width is determined by
subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value.

X bar, s charts
These types of charts are used for multiple values of variable data to determine
the stability of the center and standard deviation of the process. The width is
determined by calculating the standard deviation of the measurements.

Moving X, Moving R charts

These types of charts are also used for a single value of variable data to
determine the stability of the center and range of the process. These charts are
usually used for slow processes where samples are generated infrequently. A
sample consists of the current measurement and some number of historical
measurements.

C charts
C charts (number of nonconformity's) are used for monitoring the number of
defects in a fixed sample size. The scale is the count.

P charts
P charts (fraction nonconforming measurements) are used for monitoring the
proportion of defects for any given sample size. The scale is the fractional
defects.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Welcome to SPCPro

NP charts
NP charts (number of nonconforming items) are used in lieu of a P chart when
the sample size is constant.

U charts
U charts (nonconformity's per unit) are used in lieu of a C chart when the
sample size is not constant.

EWMA charts
EWMA charts (exponentially-weighted moving averages) are created to place
more emphasis on recent samples and less on the values some distance back in
the collected data.

CUSUM charts
CUSUM control charts (cumulative sum) can detect small process shifts faster
than standard control charts. But they are not a direct substitute for standard
control charts, they should be used in combination with standard control
charts.

Integrated Alarming
SPC alarms are associated with InTouch tagnames and are displayed and
acknowledged the same as any other InTouch alarm. Alarms can also be
acknowledged by right-clicking the sample to display the SPC menu and then
clicking Ack Sample. Alarm monitoring can be selected for out-of-limit
conditions, four custom run rules and seven different Western Electric run
rules.

Distributed SPC
SPC allows you to build Distributed ODBC Based SPC Applications.
Distributed SPC allows remote modification of datasets, automatic update of
displayed data with values from remote datasets, and the displaying of
products in charts that are not being collected.

Multiple Data Entry Schemes

A variety of methods are available for entering SPC data. Automatic data
collection can be based on time or by event. Manual data entry can be
accomplished either through the Manual Input dialog box or through user
defined manual entry windows. These methods can accommodate an SPC
sample consisting of multiple measurements of the same tagname or SPC
samples consisting of multiple tagnames. They include:

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Before You Begin

Automatic Time Based Collection

When a single tagname is the source of an SPC sample, the time between
samples and the time between measurements can be configured for automatic
data collection. This is accomplished in the Dataset Configuration dialog box.
Automatic collection can be enabled or disabled during runtime. For example,
an extruder temperature is being monitored using Xbar-R analysis. A sample is
required every 30 minutes. The sample consists of 5 temperature readings
taken 1 minute apart.

Event Driven Automatic/Manual Collection

In addition to the above scheduled collection, an automatic collection cycle can
be manually or automatically triggered through dataset configuration or
pushbuttons or InTouch scripting methods.

Manual Data Collection

SPC samples can be manually entered either through the Manual Input dialog
box or through user created InTouch windows. The built in dialog verifies that
the correct number of samples have been entered before accepting the data.
The custom entry windows allow the user to enter measurement data through
DDE.
Note While it is true that communications between InTouch and SPCPro use
DDE, SPCPro takes advantage of Wonderware's SuiteLink protocol
capabilities to acquire data from the plant.

Automatic Control Limit Calculation

Control limits can be automatically calculated based on a user selectable
number of samples or can be calculated on demand. Control limits can also be
manually entered. Control Limit calculation is done in an iterative fashion
which eliminates out-of-limit samples from the calculation.

Multiple Products or Batches per Dataset

Multiple product definitions can be configured within the same Dataset. This
accommodates situations where the collection tagname is used for many
products. For example, let's assume that a mixer temperature is being
monitored. The mean temperature when making product "A" is 55 Deg.F and
is 75 Deg.F when making product "B". Only data for the currently selected
product is used for calculations. When a product is changed, it uses its last
recorded values as its start point. New product or batch names can be created
during runtime. These new products will use the last recorded sample limits as
their start point. This allows new charts to be created and stored for each new
batch or lot number.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Welcome to SPCPro

Detailed Sample Information

Detailed sample information can be displayed for any sample. Details consist
of: USL, LSL, UCL, LCL, Target, Xbar, All Individual measurements, Sample
Number, Alarms, Date, Time, Comments, and Special Cause. Information is
displayed through the Sample Information dialog box or, through user created
InTouch windows through DDE.

Special Cause/Comment Entry

Each sample can have a Special Cause and comment field associated with it.
Special Causes can then be displayed in a Pareto chart.

Text associated with Sample Number

Each sample can have a text note displayed near the sample up to 12
characters.

Flagged Samples
Samples can be flagged to alert the user.

Historical Data Review

Historical data can be viewed for any product without affecting the current data
collection.

About this Manual

This manual is divided into a series of logical building block chapters that
describe the various aspects of building an SPC application. It is written in a
"procedural" format that tells you in numbered steps how to perform most
functions or tasks.
If you are viewing this manual online, when you see text that is green, click the
text to "jump" to the referenced section or chapter. When you jump to another
section or chapter and you want to come back to the original section, a "back"
option is provided.
Tip These are "tips" that tell you an easier or quicker way to accomplish a
function or task.
The InTouch User's Guide will help you familiarize yourself with the
WindowMaker development environment and its tools (read Chapter 1,
"WindowMaker Program Elements.") To learn about working with windows,
graphic objects, wizards, ActiveX controls and so on, read Chapter 2, "Using
WindowMaker." To learn more about writing InTouch QuickScripts, read
Chapter 06, "Creating QuickScripts in InTouch."
For details on the runtime environment (WindowViewer), see your InTouch
Runtime User's Guide.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Before You Begin

In addition, the InTouch Reference Guide provides you with an in-depth

reference to the InTouch QuickScript language and functions, system
tagnames, and tagname .fields.
For details on the add-on program, Recipe Manager, see your Recipe Manager
User's Guide.
For details on the add-on program, SQL Access Manager, see your SQL Access
Manager User's Guide.
The FactorySuite Systems Administrator's Guide also provides you with
complete information on the common components in the FactorySuite, system
requirements, networking considerations, product integration, technical
support, and so on.
Online manuals are also included in your FactorySuite software package for all
FactorySuite components.
Note You must install the Adobe Acrobat Reader (version 4.0 or later) to
view or print the online manuals.

Assumptions
This manual assumes you are:

Familiar with the Windows 2000 and/or Windows NT operating system

working environment.

Knowledgeable of how to use of a mouse, Windows menus, select options,

and accessing online Help.

Experienced with a programming or macro language. For best results, you

should have an understanding of programming concepts such as variables,
statements, functions and methods.

Technical Support
Wonderware Technical Support offers a variety of support options to answer
any questions on Wonderware products and their implementation.
Prior to contacting technical support, please refer to the relevant chapter(s) in
your InTouch User's Guide for a possible solution to any problem you may
have with your InTouch system. If you find it necessary to contact technical
support for assistance, please have the following information available:
1.

Your software serial number.

The version of InTouch you are running.

The type and version of the operating system you are using. For example,
Microsoft Windows NT Version 4.0 SP4 workstation.

The exact wording of system error messages encountered.

Any relevant output listing from the Wonderware Logger, the Microsoft
Diagnostic utility (MSD) or, any other diagnostic applications.

Details of the attempts you made to solve the problem(s) and your results.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Welcome to SPCPro

Details of how to recreate the problem.

If known, the Wonderware Technical Support case number assigned to

your problem (if this is an on-going problem).

For more information on Technical Support, see your online FactorySuite

System Administrator's Guide.

Your FactorySuite License

Your FactorySuite system license information can be viewed through the
license viewing utility that is launched from the WindowMaker Help About
dialog box.
To open license utility program
1.

On the WindowMaker Help menu, click About.

Click View License. The License Utility - LicView dialog box appears.

For more information on the licensing viewing utility, see your online
FactorySuite System Administrator's Guide.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Before You Begin

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Configuring an ODBC Database

C H A P T E R

Configuring an ODBC
Database

You will need to configure SPCPro before you can correctly use it. You must
have Microsoft ODBC drivers installed to use SPCPro. The two ODBC drivers
that SPCPro currently support are: Microsoft Access driver version
4.00.3711.08 and Microsoft SQLServer version 3.70.06.23.
It is extremely important to setup your new SPCPro database and to import any
datasets previously created with SPC (version 6.0 or earlier) prior to running
your InTouch application. This chapter explains how to configure a Microsoft
Access database or, a Microsoft SQLServer database, and how to setup user
ID's.

Contents
Configuring a SPC Database

Configuring a SPC Database

Before you can use SPCPro, you must select a database to store your SPC
configuration and collection data. You must decide what type of database to
use. You have a choice of Microsoft Access or Microsoft SQLServer. The type
of SPCPro application you want to configure will determine which database
you will use. If you are configuring a single node SPCPro application, you can
use Microsoft Access or Microsoft SQLServer. If you are configuring a multinode SPCPro application, you must use Microsoft SQLServer.
Note If your application is configured to use a specific database and you
decide to change to another database, WindowMaker MUST be shut down and
restarted in order for database changes to take effect.

Configuring a Single Node Application's

Database
The SPCPro Database command is used to configure your database and your
ODBC source.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Chapter 1

To configure a single node database

Start WindowMaker.

On the Special menu, point to SPC and then, click Database or, in the
Application Explorer under SPC, double-click Database. The Configure
SPC Database dialog box appears.

Click the Database Type arrow and select Microsoft Access (Local).

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Configuring an ODBC Database

Click the ODBC Data Source arrow and select <NEW> .The ODBC
Data Source Administrator dialog box appears.

Click the User DSN tab and then, select your ODBC data source in the list
or, click Add. The Create New Data Source dialog box appears.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Chapter 1

Select your ODBC driver in the list and then, click Finish. The ODBC
Microsoft Access 97 Setup dialog box appears.

Note This dialog box also appears when you click the Modify button in
the Configure SPC Database dialog box to edit an existing database
configuration.
7.

In the Data Source Name box, type a unique name for your data source.
For example, "SPCdata."

Click Create. The New Database dialog box appears.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Configuring an ODBC Database

In the Database Name box, type a new name for your database. For
example "SPCdata.mdb."

10. Select a directory to store your new database file and then, click OK. A
message box appears confirming the successful creation of the database.
11. Click OK. The ODBC Microsoft Access Setup dialog box reappears.
12. Click OK. The ODBC Data Source Administrator dialog box reappears.
Select your newly created User Data Source. For example, SPCdata.
13. Click OK. The Configure SPC Database dialog reappears.
14. Click Save. A message box appears warning you that the new database is
not initialized.
15. Click Yes to initialize the database. A message box appears informing you
that the database was successfully initialized.
16. Click OK.
17. Click Verify. The connection status for the ODBC database will be
verified. If your ODBC connection is valid, a green light is displayed in
the dialog box.
18. Click OK.

Configuring a Distributed Application's Database

To configure a Microsoft SQLServer database
1.

Start WindowMaker.

On the Special menu, point to SPC and then, click Database or, in the
Application Explorer under SPC, double-click Database. The Configure
SPC Database dialog box appears.
Note To configure an SQL database for use with SPCPro you must create
a database on a Microsoft SQLServer 7.0 using Microsoft Enterprise
Manager (Start/Programs/Microsoft SQLServer 7.0). Also, you must have
Administrator privileges (SA).

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Tip If you are using Microsoft SQLServer to store data for SPCPro, use
these instructions to connect to your database.

Click the Database Type arrow and select Microsoft SQLServer in the
list.

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Configuring an ODBC Database

Click the ODBC Data Source arrow and select your ODBC Data Source
in the list. The ODBC Data Source Administrator dialog box appears.

Click the User DSN tab and then, select your ODBC data or, click Add.
The Create New Data Source dialog box appears.

Select the ODBC driver that you want to use. For example, SQLServer.

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Chapter 1

Click Finish.
Note The ODBC SQLServer setup dialog boxes appear. Follow the on
screen instructions. For more information on these dialog boxes consult
your database administrator or your Microsoft SQLServer documentation.

Once you have completed setting up SQLServer, the Configure SPC

Database dialog box reappears.

In the Admin User ID box, type the user name for your logon account to
the SQLServer.

10. In the Password, type a password for the logon account.

Tip A user account is comprised of the Admin User ID name and
Password. A user account must be associated with the right to create
tables, insert data, and retrieve data or the log on will fail. For more
information on user accounts, contact your system administrator.
11. In the Output Message Level group, select the option that you want to
use as follows.

Normal default will report errors only in the Wonderware Logger.

Detailed and Trace should only be selected when troubleshooting
your application. Additional ODBC messages appears in the
Wonderware Logger.

Tip Selecting Detailed or Trace may impact system performance.

12. In the Data Storage Limits box, type the number of days of data that you
want retained and check the Purge Station check box. Only 1 station can
be set to purge at a time.

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Configuring an ODBC Database

Tip Data is retained until the specified number of days is exceeded. Once
the number of days is exceeded, the data is automatically purged. For
example, if 2 is entered, by the 4th day, the first day's data files is purged.
There will actually be 3 days of data; the previous two day's plus the
current day's.
Application performance will be impacted if you don't periodically purge
old data. By default, this field is set to zero (0) (represents infinity) and the
data is never deleted. If you use the default, it is recommended that you
periodically either purge the older data or, archive it to avoid running out
of disk space.
13. Click Save, then click OK to close the dialog box.

Configuring SPC Database Users

In order to perform automatic dataset collections, you must configure the SPC
database users and passwords. However, if manual data collections will be
performed, an SPC user does not need to be configured.
Note Your database must be configured prior to setting up user files.
To configure an SPC database user
1.

Start WindowMaker.

On the Special menu, point to SPC and then, click Users or in the
Application Explorer under SPC, double-click Users. The SPC Users
dialog box appears.

Click New to activate the Properties options.

In the Username box, type in your user name.

In the Password box, type your password.

Tip This may be left blank for databases not requiring passwords.

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Note The password is used in the SPCConnect function to connect to the

database.
6.

In the Full Name box, type in your full name. (This is an optional
descriptive field.)

In the User Type box, click the arrow and select Agent.

Click OK or click Save to configure another user and then, click OK.
Note SPC users are for SPC only and not SQLServer. These users are not
added to the SQLServer's user list.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Creating SPC Datasets

C H A P T E R

Creating SPC Datasets

In order to use SPC Pro, you must create SPCPro Datasets, Indirect Datasets,
and Products for each Dataset. This chapter will cover how to create datasets
and how to import and convert Datasets created in older versions of SPC to use
with SPC Pro.

Contents
Configuring SPC Datasets
Configuring Indirect Datasets
Importing SPC Datasets

Configuring SPC Datasets

You must configure Datasets or Indirect Datasets to be used with your SPC
applications.
Tip You can also use the SPCPro Server utility (spcpro.exe) to define Datasets
or Indirect Datasets.
Note Before you can configure your SPC Dataset, you must define a tagname
in the InTouch Tagname Dictionary that you will use for the SPC Collection
Tagname. Additionally, if you want to use a scooter with your SPC Chart, you
will need to define a tagname to be used for the scooter. If you plan to use
Event-Based collections, you will also need to define a tagname that you can
increment.
WindowViewer will not include any tagname used in SPCPro as a Collection
Tag, Scooter Tag or Trigger Tag in the tagname usage count.
For more information on defining InTouch tagnames, see your InTouch User's
Guide.
SPCPro uses 6 digits Floating-point precision for displaying all values
associated with displays and DDE Items. Any value that uses this format will
be displayed properly. Values that use more digits of precision will be rounded.
Examples of six-digit precision:
21.0234, 100.143, 125438, .345643

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To configure a SPC dataset

Start WindowMaker.

On the Special menu, point to SPC, and then click Datasets or, in the
Application Explorer under SPC, double-click Datasets. The SPC
Datasets Configuration dialog box appears.

Click New to create a new dataset or click select to view an existing

dataset.

In the Dataset Name box, type a new unique dataset name or, click Select
(to choose an existing Dataset). The Select a Dataset dialog box appears.
Select the Dataset that you want to use. The dialog box will close, and the
selected Dataset name will automatically be inserted into the Dataset
Name box.

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Creating SPC Datasets

In the Collection Tagname box, type an analog (Real or Integer) type

tagname or, double-click the blank field. The following dialog box appears
displaying all tagnames currently defined in the Tagname Dictionary.

Select the tagname that you previously defined to be used for data
collection. The dialog box will close and the selected tagname will
automatically be inserted into the Collection Tagname box.

Select the Scooter Tagname option if you plan to use a scooter with your
SPC chart, and then type a Analog (Real or Integer) memory type tagname
in the box or, double-click the blank box and select the tagname as
described above.
Tip You must define the tagname that you plan to use for the scooter prior
to configuring the Dataset.
Note WindowViewer will not include any tagname used in SPCPro as a
Collection Tag or Scooter Tag in the tagname usage count.

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Click the Analysis button. The SPC Analysis Selection dialog box
appears.

In the Analysis Type group, select the analysis type that you want to use
for this dataset, and then click OK.
Note After clicking Save, the SPC Analysis Selection cannot be
changed.
For more information on SPC Analysis Types see the "Welcome to
SPCPro" section.

10. In the Samples Per Chart group boxes, type the valid number of samples
to be displayed for each SPC Chart type or, use the default of 20.
For more information on the SPC Chart types, see Chapter 3, "Using the
SPC Chart Wizards."

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Creating SPC Datasets

11. The Sample Info boxes become active based upon the type of Analysis
selected as follows.
Sample Size

Appears when the Analysis Type NP chart is

selected. Enter the sample size needed.

Measurements Per Sample

Activates when the Analysis Type X Bar, R or

X bar, s chart is selected. Enter a valid number
from 2 - 300 used to calculate the sample
point.

In the Data Collection group, select one of the following.

Manual Only

Select if you are using InTouch

QuickScripts to log samples to the
dataset. This can be automated by using a
timed script or, click on the SPC Chart to
enter a sample.

Time Based

Select when you want SPCPro to do

automatic data collection. When you
select this option, you must select an
agent for automatic data collection by
clicking the Agent button.

Seconds Between Measurements Enter the number of seconds that will

elapse between readings (measurements)
of the collection tagname.
To set the default stagger value of
automatic time based data collection
(which can improve performance and
ensure consistency of collection), add the
following line to your SPC.INI file, under
the GENERAL section:
StaggerValue = NNNN
where NNNN equals a four digit whole
number representing the default stagger
time in milliseconds between dataset
collections. For example, lets say you
have two datasets, DS1, and DS2
configured for automatic time based
collection and StaggerValue = 2000. DS2
will collect sample data 2 seconds after
DS1 has collected sample data
Minutes Between Samples

Enter the number of minutes that will

elapse between samples.

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Chapter 2

Event Based

Select when you want to do event-based

data collection. An InTouch tagname
must be typed in the Increment Tagname
box. An increment tagname is a discrete
type, memory or DDE. For example,
when an InTouch tagname changes, data
is logged. If multiple measurements per
sample is selected, each time the tagname
changes a measurement is logged. When
the measurements per sample is reached
the sample is written to the dataset. When
you select this option, you must also
select an Agent for event based
collection.
Caution Each Event Based dataset must
have a unique Tagname assigned for the
Event Trigger. If the Event Based dataset
has only one measurement per sample, X
Individual Analysis must be selected.
Note Any tagname used in SPCPro as an
Event Trigger not be included by
WindowViewer in the tagname usage
count.

12. In the Control Limits group, select the following.

Auto Calculate Every Samples

Select if you want SPCPro to

automatically calculate your control
limits. Enter the frequency at which the
automatic control limit calculation is
performed. For example every 20
samples.

Samples Per Limit Calculation

Type the number of samples to include in

the calculation. For example include 20
samples in the calculation.
For more information on initiating a
control limit calculation through DDE,
see Chapter 5, "SPC DDE Items and SPC
Functions."

13. The EWMA Parameters group becomes active when the Analysis Type
EWMA is selected.
Tighter Control(2.58 sigma)

Can be selected for the EWMA analysis.

This entry is used with the Control Limits
calculation fields.

Smoothing Factor

Type the smoothing factor that you want to

use (default is 0.35).

14. Click Save. The Products, Alarms, and Causes buttons will become
active.

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Creating SPC Datasets

Note Once you have configured a new Dataset, you must configure at
least one Product for it before you can close the SPC Database
Configuration dialog box.
For more information on configuring a Product, see "Configuring Dataset
Products."

Configuring Dataset Products

An SPC dataset must have at least one Product defined for it. However, it can
have an unlimited number of Products defined. The use of multiple Products is
intended to accommodate situations where the same equipment is used to make
a variety of different products.
For example, the SPC dataset might be monitoring the temperature of a mixer.
When the mixer changes products the temperature setpoint and system
response are different. With multiple Product Names you can automatically
change all of the chart variables whenever you change products by using the
DDE item ProductCollected.
When a change occurs in this item, the SPC program searches its files for the
last time the product was run and uses the last chart variables as the starting
point for the new data collection.
To configure products for Datasets
Note Once you have configured a new Dataset, you must configure at least
one Product for it before you can close the SPC Database Configuration
dialog box.
1.

Start WindowMaker.

On the Special menu, point to SPC, and then click Datasets or, in the
Application Explorer under SPC, double-click Datasets. The SPC
Datasets Configuration dialog box appears.

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Chapter 2

Click Products. The Products dialog box appears.

In the Name box, type the name that you want to use for the product.

The Center Chart group's options are used to set chart values for the
control limits, specification limits, centerline, and target.

The Width Chart group's options are used to set the mean and the control
limits of Range or Standard Deviation charts. Enter a reasonable value in
each box. (The values can be changed at any time.) The new values will be
reflected in the next entered sample. These options can also be changed
through DDE at Runtime. The Dataset keeps a separate copy of chart
values for each configured product. This option is available for X bar, R,
X bar, s and Moving X, Moving R charts.

In the Display Titles group type the titles that you want to use for each
display for every product. A separate title can be displayed for each type
of chart.
Tip If multiple products are defined for this Dataset, click Save after each
defined product, and then click New to define the next product.

Click OK when the last Product is defined. The SPC Dataset

Configuration dialog box reappears.

To edit an existing product

Start WindowMaker.

On the Special menu, point to SPC, and then click Datasets or, in the
Application Explorer under SPC, double-click Datasets. The SPC
Datasets Configuration dialog box appears.

Click Products. The Products dialog box appears.

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Creating SPC Datasets

Click Select. The Select a Product dialog box appears.

Select the product that you want to modify. The Products dialog box
reappears displaying the selected product's configuration settings.

Make the required modifications, and then click OK.

Configuring SPC Alarms

The SPC program can analyze the collected data for various alarm conditions.
It will check for out of limit conditions and seven different Western Electric
run rules. An alarm in any one of the selected conditions below will be
reported to the InTouch database and the tagname specified in the Dataset
configuration will be notified. The specific SPC alarm can be viewed in the
Sample Information dialog box or, through one of the SPC Alarm message
DDE items.
To configure alarm conditions
1.

Start WindowMaker.

On the Special menu, point to SPC, and then click Datasets or, in the
Application Explorer under SPC, double-click Datasets. The SPC
Datasets Configuration dialog box appears.

In the SPC Dataset Configuration dialog box, click Alarms. The SPC
Alarms Selection dialog box appears.

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Chapter 2

Select the desired SPC Alarm options that you want to be monitored by
the SPC program. There are three types of alarm areas, Limit Alarms,
Standard Deviation Alarms, and Consecutive Alarms. Here are a few
tips:
Tip In the ! of Last ! Samples Outside of ! Standard Deviations,
type three numbers for the alarm. This alarm can include points on both
sides of the center line. The second alarm option is the same, except all
points are either above or below the center line. Also, the first two fields
are integers and the last field is a real.
If the Consecutive Samples Outside of 1 Standard Deviation option is
set to 8, this will allow eight conditions outside of the standard deviation
range to be reached before the alarm condition would be reported to the
dataset.

All of the Alarm options have a Priority level. A valid priority level is
between 1 and 999. This value represents the severity of the alarm with 1
being the most severe. By creating alarm ranges using priorities and
assigning alarms to each, you can easily filter out critical alarms from noncritical ones.
For more information on alarm priorities, refer to your InTouch User's
Guide.

Click OK.

Monitoring the Alarm State of an SPC Tagname

SPC communicates with the InTouch Alarm manager. Alarms are written
directly to the distributed alarm object. Alarms can be acknowledged by a
right-click on the alarm sample. Click Ack Sample and the alarm will be
acknowledged in the SPC chart and the distributed alarm object. Alarms can
also be acknowledged from the distributed alarm object which will then update
the SPC sample chart.
To Configure the Distributed Alarm Object for SPCPro Alarms
1.

SPCPro is an Alarm provider and must be configured as an alarm provider

in the Alarm Object.

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Creating SPC Datasets

Double click on the Distributed Alarm Object above. The Alarm

Configuration dialog box appears.

In the Alarm Query box, type in the following, depending if your

computer is an SPCPro server or client or both.

\Spcpro!$system

This will display the local SPCPro

servers alarms.

\\NodeName\spcpro!$system

This will display the SPCPro servers

alarms on the client nodes.

Tip Both can be used as the Alarm Query provider. If there are two
providers make sure you separate the provider names with a space. For
example: \InTouch!$system (space) \spcpro!$system

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Click the Message tab.

Configure your Message property sheet.In the dialog below, the following
configuration was selected.

Option

Description

Date

shows the SPC Sample alarm date.

Time

shows the SPC Sample alarm time.

Comment

shows the sample number and description of the SPC

alarm.

Alarm Name

shows the dataset name associated with the SPC Sample

alarm.

Alarm
Provider

shows the node and the application that provided the alarm.

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Creating SPC Datasets

Note The preceding options were configured for the example below

Note When SPCPro initializes in runtime, datasets will be analyzed up to the

last control limit calculation to ensure correct analysis of alarms (Run Rules).
For large datasets this can take a long period of time. To disable checking
datasets on startup and alarms based on new samples, change the following
line in your SPC.INI file: [General]AlarmAnalysisOnStartUp=1
to:
[General]AlarmAnalysisOnStartUp=0

Configuring Special Causes

SPC samples that are out of control may have Special Causes. Defining special
causes is done in WindowMaker through the Special Cause Configuration
dialog box. You can attach a Special Cause to any sample in WindowViewer,
either through the DDE item (for example CurrentCauseCode) or through the
Sample Information dialog box. A summary of these causes can then be
displayed on a Pareto chart to determine the most offending causes.
To configure special causes for a Dataset
1.

Start WindowMaker.

On the Special menu, point to SPC, and then click Datasets or, in the
Application Explorer under SPC, double-click Datasets. The SPC
Datasets Configuration dialog box appears.

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Chapter 2

In the SPC Dataset Configuration dialog box, click Causes. The Special
Cause Configuration dialog box appears.

In the New Special Cause box, type a cause description with a code
number. Then click the >> button or the ENTER key, to add the new
special cause to the Special Causes list box. This number is used to
identify the columns in the Pareto display chart. For example, type 1Startup

Add as many special cause descriptions as you need. Each special cause
configured will be displayed in the list box.
Note Special Causes can be attached to any sample during runtime
through the Sample Information dialog box or through DDE.

Click OK.
Tip The Special Cause Configuration dialog box can be displayed in
runtime by right-clicking a sample, and then selecting Add/Delete
Causes.

Configuring Indirect Datasets

Indirect Datasets allow SPC charts to be dynamically linked in runtime to any
dataset. With Indirect Datasets you can use the same SPC chart to display
multiple Datasets. When you configure an SPC chart, you must link it to an
SPC Dataset. If you link the SPC chart to an Indirect Dataset, that chart can
display any dataset. This is accomplished in runtime by changing the
DatasetName DDE item. When this item is changed, the Indirect Dataset takes
on all of the properties and item values of the Dataset to which it is linked.

To configure an Indirect Dataset

Start WindowMaker.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Creating SPC Datasets

On the Special menu, point to SPC, and then click Indirect Datasets or,
in the Application Explorer under SPC, double-click Indirect Datasets.
The Indirect SPC Datasets Configuration dialog box appears.

In the Indirect Dataset Name box, type a unique name for the indirect
dataset (maximum of 31 characters).

In the Default Dataset box, type the name of the Dataset to which you
want to link the Indirect Dataset (maximum of 31 characters) or, click
Select. The Select a Dataset dialog box appears.

All currently defined Datasets will be displayed in the Select a Dataset

dialog box. Select the Dataset name to which you want to link the Indirect
Dataset.
Tip The dialog box will close and the selected Dataset name appears in
the Default Dataset box.
To change the link at runtime, you can set the DDE item DatasetName to
the desired dataset.
For more information on changing a link in Runtime, see Chapter 5, "SPC
DDE Items and SPC Functions."

Importing SPC Datasets

Any dataset that you were using with version 6.0 (or earlier), must be
converted to the new SPCPro format before running your InTouch application.
Tip When you install InTouch, the executable utility, spcpro.exe, is
automatically installed in your InTouch directory. This is the utility that you
will use to import your datasets.
Note You must create a new database to store your converted dataset files.
The database you create must be empty. You can only import old datasets to an
empty database. No predefined datasets in the database when importing
Datasets. Tagnames must be manually defined in the tagname dictionary first.

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Chapter 2

To import SPC datasets

Start the spcpro.exe utility. The SPCPro Server utility program appears.

Note You can use the SPCPro Server utility to perform all SPCPro
functions. For example, configure a Database, configure users, and create
Datasets and Indirect Datasets. By using the SPCPro Server utility, you
do not need to configure SPC from within WindowMaker.
2.

On the Database menu, click Import. The Open dialog box appears.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Creating SPC Datasets

Double-click the application directory for the SPC application whose

datasets you want to convert or select it, and then click Open. The Import
Datasets dialog box appears.

In the Import Options group, select the Select All Datasets option to
import all Datasets from the selected application or, Select All Products
to import all Products from the selected application or, pick and choose the
datasets and products from the listing on the left.

Select what samples you want to import in the second Import Options
group as follows:

Import No Samples

Import only the Dataset configurations.

Import All Samples

Import all samples in the Dataset.

Import Range of Samples Import only the samples for the specified From
Date and To Date.
6.

Click Import. The datasets will be imported and converted to the new
SPCPro format and are now ready to view in SPC Pro.
Note If there is a lot of data to import, this process could take some time.

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Chapter 2

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Using the SPC Chart Wizards

C H A P T E R

Using the SPC Chart Wizards

SPC Chart wizards are used to display the contents of Datasets. There are three
types of SPC chart objects available: Control Chart, Histogram and Pareto
charts. SPC chart objects are "wizards" that are simply pasted into your
window and then configured and linked to a Dataset.
You can configure the SPC Control Chart wizard to display X Individual, X bar
- R, X bar - s, Moving-X Moving-R, CUSUM, EWMA, C, P, U, and NP
Charts.
For more information on configuring Datasets, see Chapter 2, "Creating SPC
Datasets."

Contents
Control Charts
Histograms
Pareto Charts
Installing the SPC Chart Wizards
SPC Limits Wizard
Configuring the SPC Control Chart Wizard
Configuring the SPC Histogram Wizard
Configuring the SPC Pareto Chart Wizard
Configuring the SPC Limit Wizard

Control Charts
SPC data is displayed using X-Y charts, calculating a point for each sample or
sub-group. The points are connected by lines to form a control chart, which
provides graphical feedback to the user about the process being monitored. A
centerline is used to show the average of all points in a group. An upper control
limit line is displayed at three standard deviations above the centerline. The
lower control limit line is the centerline minus three standard deviations. Upper
and lower specification limit lines show the arbitrary top and bottom limits of
acceptable output. A target line shows the desired average value of the process
(which should be the same as the centerline) and zone lines are reference lines
that are plus and minus one and two standard deviations away from the
centerline.
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Chapter 3

Note Working in an SPC Control Chart does not affect the inactivity timer in
Runtime.
If a sample falls outside of the control limits (or breaks one of the run rules), an
alarm will be generated and the user may note the Special Cause that produced
the out of control sample. The following is an example of the SPC Control
Chart wizard:

Note Control charts will not refresh or scroll if another object such as a
pushbutton overlaps the chart.

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Using the SPC Chart Wizards

Histograms
Histograms are created from the raw measurement data used for the control
charts and are used to display the distribution and frequency of the collected
data. A normal process will have a bell-shaped distribution of data values. Any
other distribution shape is cause for investigation. The following is an example
of the SPC Histogram wizard:

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Chapter 3

Pareto Charts
Pareto charts are used to graphically present the number of occurrences of
Special Causes. Since the user usually enters Special Cause notations when
acknowledging alarms, the Pareto chart would use these entries over some
specified number of samples and present them in the form of a descending bar
graph. While there are many possible causes for out of control samples, it is
usually only one or two Special Causes that produce the bulk of bad samples.
Pareto charts help zero in on the most offensive causes. The following is an
example of the SPC Pareto Chart wizard:

Note Pareto charts recalculate control limits for every new sample entered.

Installing the SPC Chart Wizards

The SPCPro program supplies you with three SPC Chart wizards and a SPC
Limits wizard. To use the wizards, you must first install them in
WindowMaker. Once installed, you paste the SPC Chart wizard that you want
to use into a WindowMaker window, and then configure it and link it to a
Dataset.
To install the SPC Chart wizards
1.

Start WindowMaker.

On the Special menu, point to Configure and then, click Wizard/ActiveX

Installation. The Wizard/ActiveX Installation dialog box appears with
the Wizard Installation property sheet active.

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Using the SPC Chart Wizards

Tip In the Application Explorer, you can also right-click

Wizard/ActiveX Installation, and then click Open.

Once the Wizard/ActiveX Installation dialog appears, click OK. Your

SPC Chart wizards will be installed.
Note DO NOT use the Remove button to remove the SPC Chart
Wizards.

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Chapter 3

To use the SPC Chart wizards

Click the Wizard Dialog tool in the Wizards/ActiveX Toolbar. The

Wizard Selection dialog box appears.

Note If SPC Chart wizards do not appear in the Wizard Selection dialog
box, you will need to initialize them. On the Special menu, point to
Configure, and then click Wizard/ActiveX Installation. You must click
the OK button to install SPC Chart wizards.
2.

In the list of wizards, click the SPC Charts category.

In the display area, select the SPC chart wizard that you want to use, and
then click OK or double-click the wizard. The dialog box will close and
your window reappears.
Tip To add the wizard to the Wizards/ActiveX Toolbar, select the
wizard, and then click Add to toolbar. Once you add a wizard to the
Wizards/ActiveX Toolbar, you can select it and paste it into your open
window at any time.

The cursor will change to a corner symbol

when you return to the
window. Click the location in the window where you want to paste the
wizard.

Double-click the wizard to configure it.

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Using the SPC Chart Wizards

SPC Limits Wizard

The SPC Limits wizard is a SPC control panel wizard that allows you to update
and view SPC specification limits and SPC control limits. It also allows you to
switch datasets, switch products, and to scroll the SPC Chart.

Note Pareto charts recalculate control limits for every new sample entered.

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Chapter 3

To use the SPC Limit wizard

Click the Wizard Dialog tool in the Wizards/ActiveX Toolbar. The

Wizard Selection dialog box appears.

In the list of wizards, click the SPC Limits Wizard category.

Select the SPC Limits Wizard in the display area, and then click OK or
double-click the wizard. The dialog box will close and your window
reappears.
Tip To add the wizard to the Wizards/ActiveX Toolbar, select the
wizard, and then click Add to toolbar. Once you add a wizard to the
Wizards/ActiveX Toolbar, you can select it and paste it into your open
window at any time.

The cursor will change to a corner symbol

when you return to the
window. Click the location in the window where you want to paste the
wizard.

Double-click the wizard to configure it.

To remove the SPC Chart wizards from the toolbar

Click the Wizard Dialog tool in the Wizard/ActiveX Toolbar. The

Wizard Selection dialog box appears.

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Using the SPC Chart Wizards

Click Remove from toolbar. The Remove Wizard from Toolbar dialog
box appears.

Select the wizard(s) that you want to remove from the toolbar.

Click OK.

Configuring the SPC Control Chart Wizard

When the SPC Control Chart wizard is used, it must be configured with the
information required to link the SPC Control Chart to your SPC Dataset.

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Chapter 3

To configure a Control Chart

Paste the SPC Control Chart wizard into your window, and then doubleclick it. The SPC Chart Display Configuration dialog box appears.

Type the Dataset name in the input box or, click Select SPC Dataset. The
Select a Dataset dialog box appears.
Tip A previously defined dataset name must be entered to configure the
SPC Control Chart.

Select the desired dataset name.

Tip The dialog box will close and the selected Dataset name will
automatically be inserted into the input box.

The Chart Setup group's options are used to set up and help define your
chart as follows:

Show Title

Select to display the chart's title.

Show Chart Scales

Select to display the chart's scales adjacent to

the chart.

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Using the SPC Chart Wizards

Show Information Box

Select to display the time, date, specifications,

limits and the Cp/Cpk (capability
calculations) beneath the chart.

Disable Mouse Access

Select to disable the touch-sensitivity of the

chart in runtime. If this option is not selected
and you click a sample character in the chart
in runtime, the Sample Information dialog
box appears.
For more information on the Sample
Information dialog box see, "Detailed
Sample Information."

Disable AutoScaling

Select to effect the way the chart calculates

the display range. Normally the chart display
range is calculated to accommodate all of the
displayed samples, control limits and
specification limits. If this option is selected,
the chart range is determined as follows:
If the chart is configured to display control
limits and specification limits, the range will
accommodate all displayed control and
specification limit values.
If the chart is configured to display control
limits and not specification limits, the range
will accommodate all displayed control limit
values.
If neither the control limits nor the
specification limits have been configured for
display, the range of the chart will be set by
the current specification limit values.

Background Color, Border

Color Chart Color, Scooter
Color

Click the respective color box to choose the

color in the color palette that you want to use
in the chart for each item.

Click Title Fonts, to open the Font dialog box. Select the font, font style
and size for the chart's Title. Click the color box to select the color in the
color palette that you want to use for the Title.

Click Value Fonts, to open the Font dialog box. Select the font, font style
and size for the values displayed on the chart. Click the color box to select
the color in the color palette that you want to use for the values.

The Process Center Chart group's options are used to define and display
a Center Chart. You must select the Show Chart option to configure the
lines you want displayed on your Center Chart. Click each color box to
select the color in the color palette that you want to use for the Spec.
Lines, Control Lines, Zone Lines, Centerline and Target Line.
The Normal, Alarm and ACK sample points can also be set to different
colors. This helps to distinguish the Normal Sample points from the
Alarm and ACK samples.

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Chapter 3

The Enable Custom Zones, Zones Required 3,4,5 or 6, and Zone Name
options all define the zones used within your Center Chart as follows:

Enable Custom Zones

Select to display levels of zones within your

Center Chart. The area between the target and
control limit will be equally divided into the
number of zones specified.

Zones Required 3,4,5 or 6

Select the number of Custom Zones for the

Center Chart.
Tip Once you have specified the number of
zones required, you can then enter a different
Zone Name to define the zone level and
associate a Color for each of the zones.

Note In Runtime, right-click the chart, and then select the Zone Center
option. All the chart samples plotted will now appear in the center of your
custom zones.
9.

The Process Width Chart group's options are used to define and display a
Width Chart. You must select the Show Chart option to configure the
lines you want displayed on your Width Chart.

Control Lines and Centerline. Click the color box to select another color
in the color palette.
Note The Normal, Alarm, and ACK sample points can also be set to
different colors. This helps to distinguish the Normal Sample points from
the Alarm and ACK samples. Click the color box to select another color
in the color palette.
10. In the Sample Display Style group's options you can change the sample
style and the point character size used in both your Center Chart and your
Width Chart.
11. Select Disable Manual Input to disable entering manual sample inputs
from the chart in runtime.
Tip Manual samples can also be entered by using InTouch scripting.
12. Select Enable Right Click Menu to enable the right-click sample menu.
This menu includes Acknowledging Alarms, Deleting samples, Modifying
samples, Zone Centering option and Adding and Deleting Special Causes.
13. Select Show Zone Names to display the zone names on your Center
Chart.
14. Select Allow Sample Del/Modify to allow the user to delete and modify
sample values through the right-click menu.
Tip All sample modifications and deletions are logged to a file named
spcxact.log that is stored in your application directory.
15. Click OK to save.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Using the SPC Chart Wizards

Configuring the SPC Histogram Wizard

When the SPC Histogram wizard is used, it must be configured with the
information required to link the SPC Histogram to your SPC Dataset.
To configure a SPC Histogram wizard
1.

Paste the SPC Histogram wizard into your window, and then double-click
it. The SPC Histogram Display Configuration dialog box appears.

Type the Dataset name in the input box or, click Select SPC Dataset. The
Select a Dataset dialog box appears.
Note A previously defined dataset name must be entered to configure the
SPC Histogram.

Select the desired dataset name.

The Number of Zones group's options are used to configure the number
of displayed zones on the Histogram chart. This allows you to choose a
fixed number of samples. For example, if your sample size was 300, and
your chart was based on sample size, your graph would end up unreadable.

Fixed Number

Select to specify the number of zones to limit your

sample size.

Based on Sample Size

Select if you want the Number of Zones displayed

on the Histogram to be based on your sample size.

The Chart Setup group's options are used to set up and help define your
chart as follows:

Background Color, Zone

Color Border Color

Click the respective color box to choose the

color in the color palette that you want to use
in the chart for each item.

Show Title

Select to display the chart's title.

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Chapter 3

Specification Lines, Control Click the respective color box to choose the
Lines Centerline
color in the color palette that you want to use
in the chart for each item.
Show Normal Curve

Select to display a normal distribution curve

line to the Histogram chart. Choose a color
you want associated with this curve line by
clicking on the option. The InTouch color
palette appears.

Click OK to save.

Configuring the SPC Pareto Chart Wizard

When the SPC Pareto wizard is used, it must be configured with the
information required to link the SPC Pareto to your SPC Dataset.
To configure a Pareto Chart
1.

Paste the SPC Pareto wizard into your window, and then double-click it.
The SPC Pareto Display Configuration dialog box appears.

Type the Dataset name in the input box or, click Select SPC Dataset. The
Select a Dataset dialog box appears.
Note A previously defined dataset name must be entered to configure the
SPC Pareto chart.

Select the desired dataset name.

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Using the SPC Chart Wizards

Tip The dialog box will close and the selected Dataset name will
automatically be inserted into the input box.
4.

The Number of Zones group's options are used to configure the number
of displayed zones on the Pareto chart.

Fixed Number

Select to specify the number of zones (causes) to

display.

All Cause Codes

Select if you want the Number of Zones displayed on

the Pareto to be equal to the number of Special Cause
codes.

The Chart Setup group's options are used to set up and help define your
chart as follows:

Background Color,
Zone Color

Click the respective color box to choose the

Border Color,
Percentage Line

color in the color palette that you want to use in the

chart for each item.

Show Title

Select to display the chart's title.

Show Legend

Select to display the Pareto Chart's legend of all

Special Causes.

Click OK to save.

Configuring the SPC Limit Wizard

When the SPC Limit wizard is used, it must be configured with the information
required to link it to your SPC Dataset.

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Chapter 3

To configure the SPC Limit wizard

Paste the SPC Limit wizard into your window, and then double-click it.
The SPC Limit Display Configuration dialog box appears.

Type the Dataset name in the input box or, click Select SPC Dataset. The
Select a Dataset dialog box appears.
Tip A previously defined dataset name must be entered to configure the
SPC Limit wizard.

Select the desired dataset name.

In the Tags group boxes, type the tagnames that you have defined in your
Tagname Dictionary for the various items or, click Suggest for the wizard
to automatically suggest tagnames for each item.
Note Clicking suggest or having more than one SPC Limits Wizard will
create multiple Access Names.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Using the SPC Chart Wizards

Tip If you double-click on the blank Tags input box, the Tag Browser
appears displaying all tagnames defined for the selected tag source. For
example.

Double-click the tagname that you want to use or, select it, and then click
OK. The tag browser will close and the selected tagname will
automatically be inserted into the selected field.
For more information on using the Tag Browser, see your online InTouch
User's Guide.
5.

Click OK to save.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Chapter 3

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

SPC Application Techniques

C H A P T E R

SPC Application Techniques

This chapter describes the SPC application techniques which allow the
operator to dynamically change datasets, manipulate Control Charts, obtain
detailed sample information, and perform corrective action for a sample.

Contents
Changing Datasets
Manipulating Control Charts
Detailed Sample Information

Changing Datasets
This section describes how to change Indirect Datasets, change products within
a Dataset, and how to create new products in runtime.

Changing Indirect Datasets

Indirect Datasets can be reassigned in runtime to different Datasets through
DDE or SPC Functions. This allows you to create a single SPC Chart that can
display any configured Dataset.
To change a chart's Dataset
1.

Create an I/O Message tagname. For example, Indirect_DatasetName.

Associate this tagname to an InTouch Access Name using SPC for the
application name and a valid configured Indirect Dataset Name for the
topic name.
Note The Dataset Names are Case Sensitive. If the DSN is called
"Indirect", and you enter "indirect" for the Topic in the Access Name,
none of the I/O items for that Access Name will work.

Type the SPC DDE Item Name DatasetName in the tagname's Item input
box.

Create an InTouch QuickScript to change the Dataset name. For

example:

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Chapter 4

Indirect_DatasetName = "SPC1";

Or, create the following to allow the user to select the Dataset name. For
example:
Indirect_DatasetName = SPCSelectDataset();

Where: SPC1 is a valid Dataset name. When this QuickScript executes,

the specified Dataset name (in this case, SPC1) will be written to the I/O
Message tagname Indirect_DatasetName.
Note If the topic name associated with the I/O Message tagname is not a
valid Indirect Dataset name, the statement will be ignored.
5.

Once the QuickScript executes, the SPC Chart will display the
configuration settings for the specified Dataset name. For example, the
control limits, and the last samples collected. (The last collected sample
will be the last sample displayed in the chart.)

Changing Collected Products within a Dataset

The SPC program allows you to dynamically change the product that is being
collected by the Dataset in runtime.
To change a Dataset's product
1.

Create an I/O Message tagname. For example, ProductCollected.

Associate this tagname to an InTouch Access Name using SPC for the
application name and a valid configured Dataset Name for the topic name.

Type the SPC DDE Item Name ProductCollected in the tagname's Item
input box.

Create an InTouch QuickScript to change the Product name. For example:

ProductCollected = "Product1";

Or, create the following to allow the user to select the Product name. For
example:
ProductCollected = SPCSelectProduct("Dataset");

Where: Product1 is a valid Product name defined in the Dataset specified

as the topic name in the InTouch Access Name.
Note If the topic name associated with the I/O Message tagname is not a
valid Dataset name, the statement will be ignored.

Once this QuickScript executes, the specified Product name (in this case,
Product1) is written to the I/O Message tagname, ProductCollected.

Changing Displayed Products within a Dataset

The SPC program allows you to dynamically change the product that is being
displayed by the Dataset in runtime.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

SPC Application Techniques

To change the product within a dataset

Create an I/O Message tagname. For example, ProductDisplayed.

Associate this tagname to an InTouch Access Name using SPC for the
application name and a valid configured Dataset Name for the topic name.

Type the SPC DDE Item Name ProductDisplayed in the tagname's Item
input box.

Create an InTouch QuickScript to change the Product name. For example:

ProductDisplayed = "Product1";

Or create the following to allow the user to select the Product name. For
example:
ProductDisplayed = SPCSelectProduct("Dataset");

Where: Product1 is a valid Product name defined in the Dataset specified

as the topic name in the InTouch Access Name.
Note If the topic name associated with the I/O Message tagname is not a
valid Dataset name, the statement will be ignored.

Once this QuickScript executes, the specified Product name (in this case,
Product1) is written to the I/O Message tagname, ProductDisplayed. The
SPC Chart will display the current ProductDisplayed's configuration
settings. For example, the control limits, and the last samples collected.
(The last collected sample will be the last sample displayed in the chart.)

Creating New Products in Runtime

The SPC program allows you to create a new product within an existing
Dataset. Creating a product is accomplished by setting the SPC DDE item
NewProduct. Creating new product names can also be used for creating
separate product files for new lot numbers of a similar product.
To create a new product in runtime
Create an I/O Message tagname. For example, NewProduct.
Associate this tagname to an InTouch Access Name using SPC for the
application name and a valid Dataset Name for the topic name.
Type the SPC DDE Item Name NewProduct in the tagname's Item input box.
1.

Create an InTouch QuickScript to change the Product name. For example:

NewProduct = "Product2";

Where: Product2 is not an existing Product name defined in the Dataset

specified as the topic name in the InTouch Access Name.

You can set the new products, Control Chart, Pareto Chart and Histogram
Title by using these DDE items:
NewProductCtrlTitle
NewProductParetoTitle
NewProductHistTitle

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Chapter 4

If these are set before you call NewProduct the newly created product
will use the new title names. For example:
NewProductCtrlTitle = "Product2";
NewProductParetoTitle= "Product2";
NewProductHistTitle= "Product2";
NewProduct= "Product2";

When this script executes, the specified Product name (in this case,
Product2) is written to the I/O Message tagname NewProduct. SPC will
also automatically set the value of the SPC DDE Item ProductCollected
to the value of NewProduct.

Manipulating Control Charts

The SPC charts normally display current data. By setting various SPC DDE
Items, you can manipulate the SPC chart's display of historical data in runtime.
This section describes the various methods that can be used to manipulate the
SPC Chart's display.

Scrolling a Chart
You can create a 3-D button and attach a Touch Pushbutton - Action script to
scroll forward and/or backwards through the currently displayed Dataset's
historical data. This is accomplished by changing the value of the SPC DDE
Item LastSampleDisplayed in the scripts linked to the objects. Another SPC
DDE Item, SamplesPerControlChart can also be used to control how much
data is displayed in a chart.
Tip A Limit Wizard can be used to scroll forward and/or backwards through
the currently displayed Dataset's historical data.
To scroll backwards through the history
1.

Create a graphic object such as a 3-D button, and attach the following
Touch Pushbutton - Action script to it:
LastSampleDisplayed = LastSampleDisplayed SamplesPerControlChart;

In runtime, when the operator clicks the 3-D button, the script will execute
causing SPC to subtract the value of SamplesPerControlChart from the
current LastSampleDisplayed number and automatically scroll the chart
backwards to display the resulting sample number as the last sample in the
chart.
For example, if the current LastSampleDisplayed is number 860 and
SamplesPerControlChart item's value is 20, the chart will scroll
backwards twenty samples resulting in sample number 821 being the first
sample displayed in the chart and sample number 840 being the last
sample displayed.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

SPC Application Techniques

To scroll forward through the history

Create a graphic object such as a 3-D button, and attach the following
Touch Pushbutton - Action script to it:
LastSampleDisplayed = LastSampleDisplayed +
SamplesPerControlChart;

In runtime, when the operator clicks the 3-D button, the script will execute
causing SPC to add the value of SamplesPerControlChart to the current
LastSampleDisplayed number and automatically scroll the chart forward
to display the resulting sample number as the last sample in the chart.

For example, if the current LastSampleDisplayed is number 860 and

SamplesPerControlChart item's value is 20, the chart will scroll forward
twenty samples resulting in sample number 861 being the first sample
displayed in the chart and sample number 880 being the last sample
displayed.
Note Whenever the SPC chart is not displaying the current sample
number, the word "Historical" appears in the chart.

Filling a Chart with Current Sample Data

It might be necessary to fill the SPC Control Chart with current sample data.
This can easily be accomplished by creating a 3-D button and attaching a
Touch Pushbutton - Action script it to fill the chart with the current sample
data.
To fill the chart with current sample data
1.

Create a graphic object such as a 3-D button, and attach the following
Touch Pushbutton - Action script to it:
LastSampleDisplayed = CurrentSampleNumber;

Where: CurrentSampleNumber is a SPC DDE Item of the Dataset.

In runtime, when the operator clicks the 3-D button, the script will execute
causing SPC to set the LastSampleDisplayed item equal to the
CurrentSampleNumber and fill the chart with previous samples
according to the value of the SamplesPerControlChart item's value,
including the CurrentSampleNumber.

For example if the CurrentSampleNumber number is 860 and the value

of SamplesPerControlChart is 20, the chart will display sample number
841 as the first sample and 860 as the last sample.

To clear the chart (No Samples Displayed)

You can set the DDE Item LastSampleDisplayed equal to zero (0) or any
number less then the first sample number in the database. This will clear the
chart. If you scroll back past the first sample the chart will automatically clear.

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Chapter 4

Entering Data into Attribute Charts

Chart Type

DDE Items Used

Comment

C-Chart

MI_M1

Enter the reject count.

P-Chart

MI_M1 and MI_M2

Enter the number of rejects and

Sample Size. The Scale goes
from 0.00 to 1.00. Example 0.50
= 50% rejects.

NP-Chart

MI_M1

Enter the number of defects (Set

sample size in DS Configuration
Dialog).

U-Chart

MI_M1 and MI_M2

Enter the Defects in MI_M1 and

the sample size in MI_M2.

Detailed Sample Information

Detailed sample information can be obtained for any sample point. Comments
and Special Causes can also be associated with any sample. Sample
information is available either through DDE or through the Sample
Information dialog box that appears in runtime when the operator clicks a
sample.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

SPC Application Techniques

To access the Sample Information dialog

In runtime, click the sample currently displayed (unless your mouse access
is disabled) in the SPC Control Chart. The Sample Information dialog
box appears.

For more information on enabling mouse access, see "Configuring the

SPC Control Chart Wizard."
2.

The Sample No. box displays the number for the sample that was clicked
in the SPC Control Chart.

The Date Time box displays the date and time the sample was taken.

Chart values for the Analysis Type selected are displayed.

The Alarms window displays all alarm conditions for the displayed
sample.

The Measurements list displays the actual values of all the measurements
used in the calculation of the sample.

In the Comment box, type any comments relating to the sample

(maximum of 50 characters.)

In the Note Text box, enter up to 12 characters to be displayed as a note on

the chart.

Click the Special Causes arrow to select a Special Cause for the sample.

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Chapter 4

10. Select Flag Sample if you want to flag the sample on the chart.
11. Select Ignore Value to force the SPC Control Chart to be redrawn,
ignoring the selected sample from the auto-scaling calculation.
Tip The sample will still be plotted but appears to be off the chart display.
The sample value will also be ignored in the Histogram plot.
Note Selecting this option will not exclude the point during control limit
calculation, just in the SPC Control Chart display.
12. Click New to access the Manual Input dialog box to manually enter
measurements for the sample.
For more information on this dialog box, see "Manual Input Information."
13. Click Corrective Action to access the Corrective Action dialog box to
take corrective action on the sample.
For more information on this dialog box, see "Performing Corrective
Action on a Sample."
14. Click OK.

Manual Input Information

New samples can be added to the Dataset in runtime either through DDE by
setting the ManualInputDialog DDE Item Name to one (1), or by accessing
the Manual Input dialog box. This Manual Input dialog box is also used to
manually add measurements for a new sample.
To access the Manual Input dialog
1.

Click a sample on the SPC Control Chart. The Sample Information

dialog box will appear.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

SPC Application Techniques

Click New. The Manual Input dialog box will appear:

In the Measurements box, type the value of each measurement taken for
the sample, and then press the ENTER key. (The value is entered into the
box below the input box.)
Tip The number of required measurements is specified above the input
box. You cannot click OK to save the input until all the expected number
of measurements are entered. The dialog box only accepts the specified
number of measurements for the sample.
Note The ManualInputDialog will write the current sample number to
LastSampleDisplayed.

By default, the Date and Time boxes, will display the current date and
time that will be associated with this new sample. To change the date or
time, type the new information into the respective input boxes.

If required, click the Special Cause arrow to select a Special Cause to the
sample. Otherwise, the default of None will be used.

Select Flag to flag the sample on the SPC Control Chart.

In the Sample Comment box, type any comments relating to the sample
(maximum of 50 characters).

Click OK to add the measurements to the Dataset and close the dialog
box. The Sample Information dialog box reappears.

Click OK.

Highlight the Measurement that you would like to change.

Enter the new Measurement and click Modify.

The Measurement will now reflect your change. Click OK.

To delete a sample
1.

To Delete a Sample, right click on the point that you want to delete.

Select the Delete Sample option. The following message box will appear.

Click Yes to confirm the deletion.

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SPC Application Techniques

To review all changes

Every time you delete or modify a sample, SPCPro keeps a transaction log of
the changes made. This log is kept in the application directory and is titled
spcxact.log.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Chapter 4

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

SPC DDE Items and SPC Functions

C H A P T E R

SPC DDE Items and SPC

Functions

The SPC displays can be controlled at runtime through a variety of methods.

You can create SPC applications that are controlled either by mouse clicks or
by keyboard entries. SPC Functions and DDE allow you extensive control of
the chart objects and SPC data. This chapter describes the SPC DDE Items and
the SPC Functions that you can use to control your SPC applications in
runtime.

Contents
Using SPC DDE Items
SPC Functions

Using SPC DDE Items

DDE items are available for obtaining Dataset information and for controlling
chart operations. The application name is SPC. The topic name is the Dataset
name. The topic name is case-sensitive.

SPC Control and Display DDE Items

The Control and Display DDE Items are used to control and display
information about the topic Dataset. Control DDE items are shared by all
nodes. They are the dataset values for the collected product of the remote
dataset. Display DDE items are local to each node. They are the sample values
for the displayed product on the local node.
Sample modifications can be applied to collected and displayed products of
locally any datasets. Modification made by clicking on a chart display will
affect the displayed product. The SPC DDE items modify the collected
product. The displayed product and the collected product have their own
current samples which is the most recently recorded sample.
Alarms are evaluated and stored for collected and displayed products. They are
only reported during runtime for the collected product.

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Chapter 5

With the addition of displayed and collected products, many SPC DDE Items
apply only to the collected product. These items are flagged in the following
lists by an asterisk (*) preceding the SPC DDE Item name.
Item Name

DDE Type

Access

Description

AutoCollection

Discrete

R/W

Enables/disables automatic data

collection.

*CalculateControlLimits

Discrete

R/W

Set to 1 to start control limit

calculation.

Set to 1 to display built-in Manual

Input Dialog Box.

MeasurementsPerSample Integer

Displays the configured number of

measurements per sample.

NewProduct

Message
(32)

R/W

displayed by the Dataset.

SampleSize

Integer

Pareto Chart display.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

SPC DDE Items and SPC Functions

Item Name

DDE Type

Access

Description

SelSPCOutSpecMsg

Message

Alarm Message tag for "Sample

outside specification Limit."

Skewness

Real

Displays the variance from the mean

on Histograms.

SPCAllowSampDelMod

Discrete

R/W

Toggles right click menu options

Delete and Modify sample options
on and off.

SPCConnection

Discrete

Set to 0 if the connection is lost to

the server.

SPCConnectType

Message

cycle.

SPC Current Sample DDE Items

All Current Sample DDE Items pertain to the last collected sample of a given
Dataset. They can be used to change the raw data and the limits associated with
the Dataset Name. To change information about the current sample, you must
write to the appropriate DDE Item then set the CurrentUpdate DDE Item to 1.
This will have the effect of re-entering the sample and will cause any required
calculations to be performed. The SPC program will reset the CurrentUpdate
DDE Item to 0 after the sample has been entered. Once the next sample to be
collected has started a collection cycle, the current sample DDE items can no
longer be updated.
Current sample DDE items are shared among all nodes. These item values
represent the last collected sample of a collected product.

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Chapter 5

For distributed SPC, initially all the values are set to zero. SPC connects to the
database and checks for new data every 5 seconds. The item values are updated
whenever new information is found. Modifications to the current sample
values are buffered locally until the CurrentUpdate item is set to 1. Then the
values are placed in a current sample packet and sent to the remote dataset
node for analysis and storage. Current sample modifications that indicate a
different collected product and a current sample number that is not the last
recorded sample will be rejected by the Server.
With the addition of displayed and collected products, all of the "Current" SPC
DDE Items apply only to the collected product.
Item Name

DDE Type

Access

Description

CurrentCauseCode

Integer

R/W

Sets a Flag for the current

sample.

CurrentIgnoreValue

Discrete

R/W

Sets the current sample to be

ignored when the Control Chart
is AutoScaled.

CurrentMx

Real

R/W

Sets the individual measurement

value for the current sample.
(x=1 to 25.)

CurrentR

Real

Displays the range for the

current sample.

CurrentRBar

Real

R/W

Sets the average range at the

current sample.

CurrentRLCL

Real

R/W

Sets the range Lower Control

Limit.

CurrentRUCL

Real

R/W

Sets the range Upper Control

Limit.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

SPC DDE Items and SPC Functions

Item Name

DDE Type

Access

Description

CurrentSample

Real

Displays the value of the last

sample point (i.e., X, C, P).

CurrentSampleBar

Real

R/W

"Consecutive samples
Alternating Up and Down."

SPCConSampAltUpDnMsg Message

Alarm Message tag for

"Consecutive samples
Alternating Up and Down."

SPCConSampIn1SD

Alarm counter for Alarm

Alarm "Sample outside Control
Limit."

SPCOutXCtrlMSG

Message

Alarm Message for the X Chart

Alarm "Sample outside Control
Limit."

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

SPC DDE Items and SPC Functions

Item Name

DDE Type

Access

Description

SPCOutSpec

Integer

Alarm counter for Alarm

"Sample outside specification
Limit."

SPCOutSpecMsg

Message

Alarm Message tag for "Sample

outside specification Limit."

SPCRecalculateCp

Discrete

R/W

When set to "1", the engine will

recalculate Cp and Cpk values
for the current dataset when the
next sample is collected. After
this sample is collected, the
value of this item will reset to
"0". To recalculate Cp and Cpk
again, set this value to "1" again.
When set to "1" . the next
collected sample will have
recalculated CP and CPK values.
Then is automatically set back to
"0" after the sample is collected.
This item ONLY affects Cp and
Cpk values. It will not affect
Control Limits or Run Rules.

SPCResetAlarmCounters

Discrete

R/W

Resets all alarm counters.

SPCResetRunRules

Discrete

R/W

Used to reset the application of

run rules on the incoming
samples. Applies to the current
product collected. When turned
on, run rules are reset and
previous samples will not apply
in calculations such as "4 out of
5 samples outside of 1 standard
deviation" alarms. This action
only occurs once and run rules
will resume as normal. This item
must be reset and then turned
again for the reset action to take
place again.

SPC Manual Input DDE Items

The Manual Input DDE Items are used to create custom manual input
windows. To use the manual input items, set the values of the appropriate items
and then set the MI_Save DDE Item to 1. This will cause the information in
the other MI fields to be entered as a new sample. The SPC program will reset
the MI_Save DDE Item to 0 (zero) after the sample has been entered.
For distributed SPC, manual input DDE items are private to each node. The
values are buffered locally at each node until the DDE item MI_Save is set to
1. Once MI_Save is set to 1, the values are placed in a manual input packet and
sent to the remote dataset node for analysis and storage.

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Chapter 5

With the addition of displayed and collected products, all of the "Manual" SPC
DDE Items apply only to the collected product.
Item Name

DDE Type

Access

Description

MI_CauseCode

Integer

Sets the Special Cause Code number for the

manually input sample.

MI_CauseString

Message
(127)

Displays the description of the Special Cause

Code number input for the sample.

MI_Comment

Message
(50)

Used to read/write any miscellaneous comments

entered for the sample.

MI_Date

Message
(10)

Sets the Date for the current sample. The Date

must be entered in the format DD/MM/YY or
DD/MM/YYYY. If incorrectly entered, the Date
will default to the current Date.

MI_Flag

Discrete

Sets a flag for the manually input sample.

MI_IgnoreValue

Discrete

Sets the current sample to be ignored when the

Control Chart is AutoScaled.

MI_Mx

Real

Sets the value for the designated manually input

measurement (x=1 to 25).

MI_Save

Discrete

Saves the information manually entered in the

other MI fields as a new sample.
When the MI_Save item is set to 1, the value of
all MI items are written to the respective Current
DDE Items and the CurrentSampleNumber item
is indexed by 1.
Using MI_Save a second time will produce the
same sample time as the previous usage.

MI_Time

Message (8)

Sets the Time for the current sample. The Time

must be entered in the format HH:MM:SS. If
incorrectly entered, the Time will default to the
current time.

SPC Selection DDE Items

The Selection DDE Items can be used to view detailed information about any
sample. The DDE Item Selection is used to enter the number of the sample to
be displayed. Once entered, the SPC program will update all of the other
Selection Items with the detailed information for the Selection sample number.
Old data cannot be changed, but Special Cause Codes, Flags and/or Comments
can be added by setting the appropriate items, then setting the SelectionUpdate
item to 1.
This will cause the selection sample record to be modified with the new values.
The SPC program will reset the SelectionUpdate DDE item to 0 (zero) after
the updated sample has been entered.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

SPC DDE Items and SPC Functions

For distributed SPC, selected sample DDE items are private to each node.
They are the sample values recorded by the remote node for a specified sample
number of the collected product. When the Selection DDE item is set to a
sample number, the sample information is retrieved from the remote node's
sample file. Old data cannot be changed, but Special Cause Codes, Flags, and
Comments can be added by changing the appropriate DDE item and setting the
SelectionUpdate item to 1. When SelectionUpdate is set to 1, the Special
Cause Code, Comment, Flag, and Ignore Value items are sent to the remote
node in a packet for storage.
Note With the addition of displayed and collected products, all of the
"Selection" SPC DDE Items apply only to the collected product.
Item Name

DDE Type

Access

Description

Selection

Integer

R/W

Setting this item to a sample number

will update all of the selection items
with the appropriate data for that
sample.

SelectionCauseCode

Integer

R/W

Sets the Special Cause Code number

for the selected sample.

SelectionCauseString

Message
(128)

Displays the description of the entered

Special Cause Code.

SelectionComment

Message
(50)

R/W

Used to read/write any miscellaneous

comments entered for the selected
sample.

SelectionCp

Real

Displays the capability for the selected

sample.

SelectionCpk

Real

Displays the centered capability for

the selected sample.

SelectionDate

Message
(10)

Displays the date for the selected

sample.

selected sample.

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Chapter 5

Item Name

DDE Type

Access

Description

SelectionSample

Real

Displays the value of the selected

sample point.

SelectionSampleBar

Real

Displays the selected sample average

at the selected sample point.

SelectionTarget

Real

Displays the target value at the

selected sample.

SelectionTime

Message (8) RO

Displays the Time for the selected

sample.

SelectionUpdate

Discrete

R/W

SelectionXLCL

Real

outside specification Limit."

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

SPC DDE Items and SPC Functions

Multiple Indirect Datasets can be setup and linked to the same real Dataset.
Then the Selection value of each Indirect Dataset can be set to a different
sample number. This allows you to view detail information of multiple samples
within a Dataset.

SPC Functions
You can control the SPC program from WindowViewer by using the SPC
Functions described below in InTouch scripts.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Chapter 5

For detailed information on all SPC Functions, see your online InTouch
Reference Guide.
Function

Description

SPCConnect

Used to connect an Agent to the SPCPro database.

Before an Automatic data collection dataset will
start collecting data, this function must be used to
indicate to SPC which User this node is. You may
use this function to connect to the database on
Application StartUp. You can use the DDE Message
Tag SPCConnectType to monitor whether you are
connected as a Client or Agent (Server).

SPCDatasetDlg

Displays the SPCPro Dataset Configuration

dialog box in WindowViewer. New Datasets can be
added and deleted. There are no parameters or any
return value.
While WindowViewer is running, current dataset
and product information will be grayed out, certain
fields can't be changed.
New Datasets and Products can be added while
WindowViewer is running.
If New Datasets and Products are added and saved:
If running in Autocollection mode, the
Autocollection cycle will be restarted, possible data
loss during the initialization phase of the datasets.
It is recommended that you use the NewProduct
DDE Item to add Products during runtime, not
through the SPCDatasetDlg() function, this will
prevent the restart of the Autocollection mode.

SPCDisconnect

Used to disconnect an Agent from a SPCPro

database. When this function is used, all datasets
that were assigned to the Agent that was
disconnected will stop collecting.

SPCDisplayData

Designed to allow convenient scrolling of the chart

to any date and time. You can use a tag name to
monitor the status of the SPC data search. It will
return 0 if SPC found data and 1 if it could not find
data for the specified time period.

SPCLocateScooter

Designed to allow convenient scrolling of the

Scooter to any valid sample number. The Scooter
tagname defined in the dataset will be updated with
the X-Bar sample value. Setting SampleNumber to
0 hides/disables the Scooter.

SPCMoveScooter

Designed to allow convenient scrolling of the

Scooter to any valid sample number. The Scooter
tagname defined in the dataset will be updated with
the X-Bar sample value.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

SPC DDE Items and SPC Functions

Function

Description

SPCSaveSample

Used in conjunction with the

SPCSetMeasurement() function to save a
manually input sample by executing the following
script:
SPCSaveSample("Dataset");
MI_MX tags do not update after SPCSavesample.

SPCSelectDataset

Used to select a direct Dataset by executing the

following script:
DatasetName = SPCSelectDataset();
When this script is executed, the Select a Dataset
dialog box appears.

SPCSelectProduct

Used to select a product in a given Dataset by

executing the following script:
ProductName = SPCSelectProduct("Dataset");
When this script is executed, the Select a Product
dialog box appears.

SPCSetControlLimits

Designed to allow convenient manual or event

driven input of the control limit values for a Control
Chart by executing the following script:
SPCSetControlLimits("Dataset",XUCL,XLCL);

SPCSetMeasurement

Designed to allow convenient manual or event

driven inputs of analog measurement values by
executing the following script:
SPCSetMeasurement("Dataset",Measurement,Value
);

SPCSetProductCollected

Used to change the product being collected in a

specified dataset by executing the following script:
SPCSetProductCollected("Dataset"," Product");
Important Note! This function does not change
the product being displayed. In SPC versions prior
to 5.6, only the product being collected for a dataset
could be displayed in a chart. With SPC Version 5.6
this has changed. You now have the ability to collect
data for one product and display data for another by
using this function to collect and the
SPCSetProductDisplayed function to display.

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Chapter 5

Function

Description

SPCSetProductDisplayed

Used to change the product being displayed in a

specified dataset by executing the following script:
SPCSetProductDisplayed("Dataset", "Product");
Note This function does not change the product
being collected. In SPC versions prior to 5.6, only
the product being collected for a dataset could be
displayed in a chart. With SPC Version 5.6 this has
changed. You now have the ability to collect data for
one product and display data for another by using
this function to display and the
SPCSetProductCollected function to collect.

SPCSetRangeLimits

Designed to allow convenient manual or event

driven input of the Control Limits for a Range Chart
by executing the following script:
SPCSetRangeLimits("Dataset",RUCL,RLCL);

SPCSetSpecLimits

Designed to allow convenient manual or event

driven input of the specification limit values for a
Control Chart by executing the following script:
SPCSetSpecLimits("Dataset",XUSL,XLSL);

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

The SPCPro Utility

C H A P T E R

The SPCPro Utility

This chapter describes how to use the Wonderware supplied SPCPro utility.
(spcutil.exe). This utility can be found in your InTouch install directory. It used
to upgrade your SPCPro database to a newer version when upgrading to a
newer release of SPCPro. It also provides a utility to manage your Microsoft
Access database. Microsoft Access databases grow in size rapidly and
should be compacted regularly. You will see a significant reduction in the
Microsoft Access database *.mdb file and your hard disk usage after
compacting it.

Contents
Upgrading Your SPCPro Database
Managing Your Microsoft Access Database

Upgrading Your SPCPro Database

You will use the SPCPro utility (spcutil.exe) to upgrade your database to a
newer version whenever you upgrade to a later release of SPCPro. To upgrade
your database, follow the procedure described below.
To upgrade to SPCPro database to a newer version
1.

Verify that SPCPro is not running.

Run spcutil.exe. The spcutil program window appears.

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Chapter 6

On the File menu, select Convert Schema. The Select Data Source
dialog appears.

In DSN Name box, type the name that points to the database you want to
convert or, click the Machine Data Source tab and select it from the
defined data sources on your computer.

After selecting your data source name, click OK. Your database will be
converted to the latest version.
Tip A backup file will be saved in the database directory before
converting. After you have verified that the new database is working
correctly, you can delete the database backup file.

Managing Your Microsoft Access Database

Microsoft Access databases grow in size rapidly and should be compacted
regularly. You will see a significant reduction in the Microsoft Access database
*.mdb file and your hard disk usage after compacting it.
To compact a Microsoft Access database
1.

Verify that SPCPro is not running.

Run spcutil.exe. The spcutil program window appears.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

The SPCPro Utility

On the File menu, select Compact Database. The Compact Database

dialog appears.

Click the Ellipse () button. The Open dialog box appears.

Select the Database location and file name, then click Open.

Click OK to start the compact process.

Tip A backup copy of the old database is saved before the compaction
starts. The backup file can be found in the database directory. After you
verify that the compacted database is OK, you can delete the backup
database file to restore hard disk space.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Chapter 6

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Technical References

C H A P T E R

Technical References

This chapter describes the formulas that each type of SPC chart uses to
perform its calculations. The iterative process for calculating control limits, a
Bibliography and Glossary of Terms are also included.

Contents
SPC Calculations
Iterative Calculation Method
Bibliography
Glossary of Terms

SPC Calculations
The SPC calculations are performed in the following manner.

X Individual
Xbar (Centerline) = X / N
where: X = Individual Sample Values
N = Number of samples used in the control limit calculation
(configured in the Dataset definition)
Control Limits
Xbar +/- 3s
where: s = Standard Deviation = SQRT( ( X2 - N*Xbar2) / (N -1) )

Xbar - s
Xbar = X / n
where: X = Individual Measurement Values
n = Number of measurements used for the sample
(configured in the Dataset definition)

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Chapter 7

Xbarbar(Centerline) = Xbar / N
where: Xbar = Individual Sample Values
N = Number of samples used in the control limit calculation
(configured in the Dataset definition)
s = Standard Deviation = SQRT(( X2 - n*Xbar2 ) / (n -1) )
sbar = s / N
Control Limits (XUCL, XLCL)
Xbarbar +/- A3 * sbar
where: A3 = statistical constant based on subgroup size
Control Limits (sUCL, sLCL)
sUCL = B4* sbar
where: B4 = statistical constant based on subgroup size
sLCL = B3* sbar
where: B3 = statistical constant based on subgroup size

Xbar - R, Xmoving - Rmoving

Xbar = X / n
where: X = Individual Measurement Values
n = number of measurements used for the sample
(configured in the Dataset definition)
Xbarbar(Centerline) = Xbar / N
where: Xbar = Individual Sample Values
N = number of samples used in the control limit calculation
(configured in the Dataset definition)
R = Xmax - Xmin (per sample)
Rbar (Centerline) = R / N
Control Limits (XUCL, XLCL)
Xbarbar +/- A2 * Rbar
where: A2 = statistical constant based on subgroup size
Control Limits (RUCL, RLCL)
RUCL = D4* Rbar
where: D4 = statistical constant based on subgroup size
RLCL = D3* Rbar
where: D3 = statistical constant based on subgroup size

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Technical References

101

Note On Xmoving - Rmoving charts any samples that do not contain the
correct amount of measurements are eliminated from the calculation. For
example - if an Xmoving - Rmoving dataset is configured to use 2 samples
then the first collected sample in the dataset will not be used in any
calculations.

C chart
Cbar(Centerline) = C / N
where: C = Individual counts
N = Number of samples used in the control limit calculation
(configured in the Dataset definition)
Control Limits
CUCL = Cbar + 3 * SQRT(Cbar)
CLCL = Cbar - 3 * SQRT(Cbar)

P chart
Pbar(Centerline) = NP/ Nn
where: P = Individual % Defective samples
N = Number of samples used in the control limit calculation
(configured in the Dataset definition)
NP = Total number of rejects (not defects)
n = Sample size
nBAR = n/N
Control Limits
PUCL = Pbar + 3 * SQRT(Pbar * ( 1-Pbar) / nBAR)
PLCL = Pbar - 3 * SQRT(Pbar * ( 1-Pbar) / nBAR)

NP chart
NPbar = NP / N
Pbar = NPbar / n
The NP chart is similar to the C chart.
where: n = sample size used in the calculation
(configured in the Dataset definition)
NP = total number of rejects (not defects)
N = the number of samples used in Control Limit calculation
Control Limits
UCL = NPbar + 3 * SQRT(NPbar * ( 1-Pbar) )

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Chapter 7

LCL = NPbar - 3 * SQRT(NPbar * ( 1-Pbar) )

U chart
Ubar = (Ci) / (ni)
Nbar = Average of ni
The U chart is similar to the P chart.
where: ni = sample size
Ci = total number of defects (not rejects)
Control Limits
UCL = Ubar + 3 * SQRT(Ubar / Nbar)
LCL = Ubar - 3 * SQRT(Ubar / Nbar)

EWMA chart
The inputs for configuring the dataset are the Smoothing Factor and the Tighter
Controls.
The input for the chart is Xi values. For each Xi value entered, the EWMA
Points are calculated and plotted on the screen.
EWMA ( i ) = ( Smoothing Factor ) Xi + ( 1 - Smoothing Factor ) EWMA (
i-1)
Control Limits
UCL = Xbar + 3 s * SQRT(Smoothing Factor / (2 - Smoothing Factor))
LCL = Xbar - 3 s * SQRT(Smoothing Factor / (2 - Smoothing Factor))
If Tighter Control is checked in the dataset configuration, the UCL and LCL
values are calculated with 2.58 instead of 3.0
where: Smoothing Factor / Weighting Factor = alpha symbol
Xbar = Average of Xi values
s = Standard Deviation
Also, you can input the samples by MI_M1 and MI_Save.
Your input Xi value is saved as an Input Sample in the database.

CuSum chart
There is no specific input required for configuring the datasets. There is
Control limit calculations for this chart.
The input for the chart is Xi value. The calculated CuSum Score is plotted on
the screen.
where: CuSum(i) = CuSum(I-1) + (Xi-Target) and CuSum (0) = 0
X = individual sample value.

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Technical References

103

Note In the sample input, you can enter Multiple Xi's, not the measurements.
In CuSum chart, Measurement / Sample = 1.
Also, you can input the samples by MI_M1 and MI_Save.
Your input Xi value is saved as an Input Sample in the database.

Histogram
Mean = X / n*N
where: X = Individual Measurement Values
n = Number of measurements/sample
N = Number of samples used in the display
Control Limits
UCL = Mean + 3s
LCL = Mean - 3s
where: s = Standard Deviation = SQRT(( nt* X2 - ( X )2) / nt*(nt -1) )
where: nt = n*N
Skewness = m3 / (m2) 3/2
where: m3 and m2 are the third and second moments about the mean of the
sample.
Kurtosis = m4 / (m2) 2
where: m4 and m2 are the fourth and second moments about the mean of the
sample.

Capability
Cp = ( USL - LSL ) / 6s
where: s = Standard Deviation = SQRT( ( n* X2 - ( X )2 ) / n*(n -1) )
Cpk = (minimum of ( USL - Mean) OR ( Mean - LSL ) ) / 3s

Iterative Calculation Method

Control limits are calculated in an iterative process. This is done to provide
control limits that will reflect only "Common Cause" samples. An example of
the process is as follows:
Assume an Xbar - R dataset configured to use 24 samples per control limit
calculation.
1.

After the 24th sample the SPC program will query the database for the
records of the last 24 samples.

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Chapter 7

Rbar is calculated using the sample range values.

Upper and lower range control limits are calculated.

Individual sample ranges are compared against the control limits.

If any samples fall outside the control limits the SPC program will
eliminate the worst offending sample and repeat steps 1 through 4. This
process will continue until all samples fall within the control limits.

Xbar is calculated using all remaining samples. Samples that were

eliminated in the Range calculations are not used in the Xbar calculation.

Upper and Lower control limits are calculated.

Individual samples are compared against the control limits. If any samples
fall outside the control limits the SPC program will eliminate the worst
offending sample and repeat steps 1 through 6. This process will continue
until all samples fall within the control limits.

The maximum number of samples that can be eliminated by the iterative

process is half of the starting number.

Bibliography
DataMyte Corporation, DataMyte Handbook, (DataMyte Corporation,
Minnetonka, Minnesota 1989)
Duncan, Acheson J. Quality Control and Industrial Statistics (Irwin,
Homewood, Illinois 1986)
Evans, James R. A Statistical Process Control for Quality Improvement, "A
Training Guide to Learning SPC," (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey 1991)
Holmes, Donald Introduction to SPC, (Copley Publishing Group, Littleton,
Massachusetts 1988)
Ishikawa, Kaoru Guide to Quality Control, (Quality Resources, White Plains,
New York 1990)
Montgomery, Douglas C. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control (John
Wiley & Sons 1985)
Ott, Ellis R. and Schilling, Edward G. Process Quality Control
"Troubleshooting and Interpretation of Data," (McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company 1990)
Wheeler, Donald J. and Chambers, David S. Understanding Statistical Process
Control - Second Edition, (SPC Press, Knoxville, Tennessee 1992)

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Technical References

105

Glossary of Terms
Assignable Causes

Significant, identifiable changes in the

relationships of materials, methods,
machines and people. (The extraordinary
reason that something is wrong.)

Bell-shaped Curve

A curve or distribution showing a central

peak and tapering off smoothly and
symmetrically to "tails" on both sides. A
normal (Gaussian) curve is an example.

c Chart

A control chart of the total number of

defects per unit for a constant sample size

Capability (of process)

The uniformity of product which a process

is capable of producing.

Centerline

For control charts: the horizontal line

marking the center of the chart, usually
indicating the grand average of the quantity
being charted.

Common Causes

The sources of variability in a process

which are truly random and affect all
samples.

Control (of a process)

A process is said to be in a state of

statistical control if the process exhibits
only random variations (as opposed to
systematic variations and/or variations with
known sources). When monitoring control
with control charts, a state of control is
exhibited when all points remain between
set control limits.

Control Chart

A graphical representation of some

parameter of process performance, usually
determined by regular sampling of the
product. The control limits are also plotted
for comparison. The parameter plotted may
be the mean value of a particular
measurement for a product sample of
specified size (x chart), the range of values
in the sample (R chart), the percent of
defective units in the sample (p-chart), etc.

Control limits

The boundaries within which the product of

a process is required to remain. If the
process leaves the limits, it is said to be
"out-of-control." This is a signal that action
should be taken to identify the cause and
eliminate it if possible. There are two
control limits for each chart: the Upper
Control Limit (UCL) and the Lower Control
Limit (LCL). Control limits are based on
the variation of the process itself.

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Chapter 7

For process capability studies. Cp is a

capability index defined by a formula. Cp
shows the process capability potential but
does not consider how centered the process
is. Cp may range in value from 0 to
infinity, with a large value indicating
greater potential capability. A value of 1.33
or greater is usually desired.

Cpk

For process capability studies. An index

combining Cp and k to indicate whether the
process will produce units within the
tolerance limits. Cpk has a value equal to
Cp if the process is centered on the
nominal; if Cpk is negative, the process
mean is outside the specification limits; if
Cpk is between 0 and 1 then some of the 6
sigma spread falls outside the tolerance
limits. If Cpk is larger than 1, the 6 sigma
spread is completely within the tolerance
limits. A value of 1.33 or greater is usually
desired.

CuSum Chart

Cumulative Sum Chart. CUSUM control

charts can detect small process shifts faster
than standard control charts. But they are
not a direct substitute for standard control
charts, they should be used in combination
with standard control charts.

Cycles

Cycles are short, repeated patterns in the

chart, having alternative high peaks and low
valleys. These are the result of causes that
come and go on a regular basis.

Defective Unit

A sample (part) which contains one or more

defects, making it unacceptable for its
intended, normal usage.

EWMA Chart

Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages

Chart. EWMA Charts are created to place
more emphasis on recent samples and less
on the values some distance back in the
collected data.

Frequency distribution

A tabular summary of a set of data showing

the frequency, or number of observations,
of a particular value or within a specified
group. (See Histogram.)

Histogram

A graphic representation of a frequency

distribution. The range of the variable is
divided into a number of intervals of equal
size (called zones) and an accumulation is
made of the number of observations falling
into each zone. The histogram is essentially
a bar graph of the results of this
accumulation.

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Technical References

107

Instability (of a process)

A process is said to show instability if it

exhibits variations larger than its control
limits, or shows a systematic pattern of
variation.

Individuals Chart with

Moving Range

A control chart used when working with

one sample per subgroup. The individual
samples are plotted on the x chart rather
than subgroup averages. The individuals
chart is always accompanied by a moving
range chart, usually using two subgroups
(two individual readings) to calculate the
moving range points.

Kurtosis

A measure of the shape of a distribution. If

the distribution has longer tails than a
normal distribution of the same standard
deviation, then it is said to have positive
kurtosis; if it has shorter tails, then it has
negative kurtosis. For a normal curve, this
measure is 3. For a curve that is more
pointed or has longer tails than a normal
curve, the kurtosis is greater than 3. For
fatter curves, the kurtosis is less than 3.
This measurement is primarily used to
make a quick assessment of the normality
of the data.

LCL

(Lower Control Limit) For control charts:

the limit above which the process subgroup
statistics (x, r) remain when the process is
in control.

Lower Control Limit

See LCL.

Lower Specification Limit

See LSL.

LSL

(Lower Specification Limit) The lowest

value of a product measurement which is
acceptable.

Mean

The mean of a set of data is the average

value of the data. Mean is computed by
adding the values of the individual
measurements and dividing this result by
the number of measurements.

Moving X, Moving R

A control chart which uses the current

sample and some number of previous
samples as the subgroup for center and
range analysis. Often used in continuous
process industries, such as chemical
process, where single samples are analyzed.

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Chapter 7

Moving Range

A control chart used when working with

Normal Distribution

A probability distribution of data given

mathematically by a formula.

Normal Curve

A curve which represents how often each of

the various data values will occur as the
process continues. This curve is referred to
as the "frequency curve" for the process.
The shape of the frequency curve is
dependent on the process being analyzed.
For variable data gathered from a
mechanical process, such as part diameters,
the shape of the curve is approximately
"Normal" (or "Bell shaped").

NP Chart

Number of Nonconforming items. Are

used in lieu of a P chart when the sample
size is constant.

Out of Control

A process which exhibits variations larger

than the control limits is said to be out of
control.

p Chart (percent defective)

For attributes data: a control chart of the

percentage of defective units (or fraction
defective) in a subgroup.

Pareto Analysis

An analysis of the frequency of occurrence

of various possible concerns. This is a
useful way to decide quality control
priorities when more than one concern is
present. The underlying "Pareto Principle"
states that a very small number of concerns
is usually responsible for most quality
problems.

Pareto Chart

A "bar graph" which displays the most

critical quality problems. The "y-axis" of
the Pareto Chart is the frequency of
occurrence. The "x-axis" is the types of
defects which are plotted according to the
frequency of occurrence - the most frequent
being plotted first. This type of chart is
useful for determining which types of
defects occur most often.

Percent Defective

For acceptance sampling: the percentage of

units in a lot which are defective, i.e., of
unacceptable quality.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

Technical References

109

Process Capability

The level of uniformity of product which a

process is capable of yielding.

Range

The range is defined as the distance

between the largest individual measurement
and the smallest individual measurement.

RChart

A control chart of the range of variation

among the individual elements of a sample.

Sample

A representative group selected from a

population. The sample is used to
determine the properties of the population.

Sample Size

The number of elements, observations or

measurements, in a sample.

Skewness

A measure of the distribution's symmetry.

A skewed distribution shows a longer than
normal tail on the right or left side of a
distribution. "Normal" curve is symmetric
about the mean value. The measure of
symmetry, called the Skewness, is zero for
such a curve. A curve with the tail off
toward the small individual measurements
has negative skewness. This measurement
is primarily used to make a quick
assessment of the Normality of the curve.

Standard Deviation

A measure of the "deviation" or distance, of

the individual measurements from the
mean.

Statistical Control(of a
process)

A process is said to be in a state of

statistical control when it exhibits only
random variations.

Subgroups

For control charts: a sample of

measurements from a given process, all
taken at or near the same time.

Tolerance

The permissible range of variation in a

particular dimension of a product.
Tolerances are often set by engineering
requirements to ensure that components
will function together properly.

Total Quality Control (TQC)

A management philosophy of integrated

controls, including engineering, purchasing,
financial administration, marketing and
manufacturing, to ensure customer quality
satisfaction and economical costs of quality.

Trends

A trend is the result of some cause that

gradually affects the quality characteristics
of the product and causes the points on a
control chart to gradually move up or down
from the centerline.

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

110

Chapter 7

U Chart

Nonconformity's per unit. Are used in lieu

of a C chart when the sample size is not
constant.

UCL

(Upper Control Limit) For control charts:

the upper limit below which a process
remains if it is in control.

Upper Control Limit

See UCL.

Upper Specification Limit

See USL.

USL

(Upper Specification Limit) The highest

value of a product dimension or
measurement which is acceptable.

Variables

Quantities which are subject to change or

variability.

X and R Charts

For variables data: control charts for the

average and range of subgroups of data.
(See Control Chart)

X Individual Charts

These charts are primarily used for

situations where data is accumulated
slowly.

Xbar Charts

These charts are primarily used for

situations of medium to high volume
production were data is quickly available
for control purposes. The Xbar chart is
insensitive to the basic shape of the process
distribution.

Zone Centering

Zone centering is available with all control

charts except the CuSum Chart. This will
be enabled if there is no control limit
calculation on the screen. It can be
enabled/disabled using right mouse click
only. The points appear exactly on the zone
lines/limit lines. All the other points will be
centered in the zones they fall into.

Zones

The distance between the centerline and

each control limit divided into three equal
parts. Zone A is the farthest from the
centerline, zone B is in the middle, and
zone C is closest to the centerline. If the
process is in control, about two-thirds of the
points will be in zone C (combined) and
about 5 percent of them will be in zone A
(combined).

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

111

Index
A
Alarms 37
Integrated Alarming 13
Monitoring the Alarm State of an SPC
Tagname 38
Analysis Types 12
C charts 12
CUSUM charts 13
EWMA charts 13
Moving X, Moving R charts 12
NP charts 13, 108
P charts 12
U charts 13
X bar, R chart 12
X bar, s charts 12
X Individual 12
Application Techniques
Changing Collected Products within a Dataset 66
Creating New Product During Runtime 67

C
Calculations
C chart 101
Capability 103
CuSum chart 102
EWMA chart 102
Histogram 103
Iterative Calculation Method 103
NP chart 101
P chart 101
U chart 102
X Individual 99
Xbar - R, Xmoving - Rmoving 100
Xbar - s 99
Causes 41
Changing
Collected Products within a Dataset 66
Datasets 65
Default Corrective Action Name 77
Displayed Products within a Dataset 66
Indirect Datasets 65
Compacting your database 96
Configuring
Indirect Datasets 42
ODBC Database 19
SPC Control Chart Wizard 55
SPC Database Users 27
SPC Datasets 29
SPC Histogram Wizard 59
SPC Limit Wizard 61
SPC Pareto Chart Wizard 60
Configuring Datasets
Alarms 37
Causes 41
Products 35
Control Chart Manipulation 68
Filling a Chart with Current Sample Data 69
Scrolling a Chart 68
Corrective Action 72

Corrective Action Notes 76

Creating New Products 67
Creating SPC Datasets 29

D
Data Entry Schemes 13
Automatic Control Limit Calculation 14
Automatic Time Based Collection 14
Detailed Sample Information 15
Event Driven Automatic Collection 14
Flagged Samples 15
Historical Data Review 15
Manual Data Collection 14
Multiple Product or Batches per Dataset 14
Special Cause/Comment Entry 15
Text and Symbols associated with Sample
Number 15
Database Configuration 19
Distributed 23
Single Node 19
Deleting Sample Information 78
Disabling Manual Input on Control Charts 58
Distributed SPC 13

E
Enabling Right Click Menu 58
Entering Corrective Action information 74

F
Functions 91
SPCConnect 92
SPCDisconnect 92
SPCDisplayData 92
SPCLocateScooter 92
SPCMoveScooter 92
SPCSaveSample 93
SPCSelectDataset 93
SPCSelectProduct 93
SPCSetControlLimits 93
SPCSetMeasurement 93
SPCSetProductCollected 93
SPCSetProductDisplayed 94
SPCSetRangeLimits 94
SPCSetSpecLimits 94

H
Histogram Configuration 59
Chart Setup 59
Number of Zones 59
Select SPC Dataset 59

I
Importing SPC Datasets 43
Indirect Datasets 42
Installation 7
Installing

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

112

SPC Wizards 50
Item Names
SPC Control and Display DDE Items 81
SPC Current Sample DDE Items 83
SPC Manual Input DDE Items 87
SPC Selection DDE Items 88

L
Limit Wizard 61
Select SPC Dataset 62
Tags 62

M
Managing your Microsoft Access database 96
Manipulating Control Charts 68
Manual Input
Measurements 73
Manual Input Information 72
Sample Information 73
Microsoft Access database 19
Microsoft Access database configuration 19
Microsoft SQL Server database 23
Microsoft SQL Server database configuration 23
Modifying and Deleting Sample Information 77
Modifying Sample Information 78

P
Pareto Chart Configuration 60
Chart Setup 61
Number of Zones 61
Select SPC Dataset 60
Performing Corrective Action on a Sample 74
Products 35

Show Zone Names 58

SPC Chart Wizards 11
SPC Control and Display DDE Items 81
SPC Datasets 29
SPC DDE Items 81
SPC Functions 81, 91
SPC Pro Features 11
SPC Pro Import 43
SPC Pro Introduction 7
SPC Program Design Considerations 11
SPC Wizards
Control Charts 47
Histograms 49
Pareto Charts 50
SPC Limit Wizard 53
SPCConnect Function 92
SPCDisconnect Function 92
SPCDisplayData Function 92
SPCLocateScooter Function 92
SPCMoveScooter Function 92
SPCPro utility 95
SPCSaveSample Function 93
SPCSelectDataset Function 93
SPCSelectProduct Function 93
SPCSetControlLimits Function 93
SPCSetMeasurement Function 93
SPCSetProductCollected Function 93
SPCSetProductDisplayed 94
SPCSetRangeLimits Function 94
SPCSetSpecLimits Function 94
SPCXACT Log 79
Special Causes 41
System Requirements 8

Remote datasets 13
Remove Wizard from Toolbar Dialog Box 55

Tag Browser 63
Tagname Dictionary 31
Technical References 99
The Basic's of SPC 9
Total Quality Management 10

Sample Information 70
Corrective Action 72
Manual Input 72
Special Causes 71
SPC Application Techniques 65
SPC Calculations 99
SPC Chart Display Configuration 55
Allow Sample Del/Modify 58
Centerline 58
Chart Setup 56
Control Lines 58
Disable AutoScaling 57
Disable Manual Input 58
Enable Custom Zones 58
Enable Right Click Menu 58
Process Width Chart 58
Sample Display Style 58

Upgrading your SPCPro database 95

Using
SPC Chart Wizards 47
SPC Chart wizards 52
SPC DDE Items 81
SPC Limit wizard 54

V
Verifying the database connection 23

W
WindowMaker Application Explorer 8
Wizard Tool
Removing Wizards from the Toolbox 54
Wizard/ActiveX Installation 50

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

113

Wonderware's SuiteLink protocol 9

InTouch SPCPro Users Guide

114

Index

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