ANSI

Standards Activities Overview

Espaol

Overview of the U.S. Standardization System

The ANSI Federations primar y goal is to enhance the global

competitiveness of U.S. business and the American quality of lif e
by promoting and f acilitating voluntar y consensus standards and
ensuring their integrity.
T he Institute, which is active in both national and international standardization,
recently worked with representatives f rom the public- and private-sectors to develop
a National Standards Strategy (NSS) f or the United States. This document
establishes a f ramework that can be used b y all interests including companies,
government, nongovernmental organizations, standards developers and consumers,
to further improve U.S. competitiveness abroad while continuing to provide strong
support for domestic markets. Using the NSS as a guide, ANSI is successf ull y f acing
the standardization challenges of a global economy while addressing ke y quality- oflif e issues such as safet y and the environment.
Although ANSI itself does not develop American National Standards (ANSs), it
provides all interested U.S. parties with a neutral venue to come together and work
to wards common agreements. The process to create these voluntary standards is
guided by the Institutes cardinal principles of consensus, due process and openness
and depends heavily upon data gathering and compromises among a diverse range
of stakeholders. The Institute ensures that access to the standards process,
including an appeals mechanism, is made available to an yone directl y or materially
affected by a standard that is under development. Thousands of individuals,
companies, government agencies and other organizations such as labor, industrial
and consumer groups voluntarily contribute their knowledge, talents and efforts to
standards development.
International Standardization
In addition to facilitating the f ormation of standards in the U.S., ANSI promotes the
use of U. S. standards internationall y, advocates U.S. policy and technical positions
in international and regional standards organizations and encourages the adoption of
international standards as national standards where these meet the needs of the
user community.
T he Institute is the sole U.S. representative and dues-paying member of the t wo
major non-treat y international standards organizations, the International
Organization f or Standardization (ISO), and, via the U.S. National Committee
(USNC), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). As a founding
member of the ISO, ANSI pla ys a strong leadership role in its governing body while
U.S. participation, via USNC, is equally strong in the IEC.
T hrough ANSI, the U.S. has immediate access to the ISO and IEC standards
development processes. ANSI participates in almost the entire technical program of
both the ISO and the IEC, and administers many ke y committees and subgroups.
Part of its responsibilities as the U.S. member bod y to the ISO include accrediting
U.S. Technical Advisor y Groups (U.S. TAGs), whose primary purpose is to develop
and transmit, via ANSI, U.S. positions on activities and ballots of the international
technical committee. U.S. position for the IEC are endorsed and closel y monitored
b y the USNC Technical Management Committee (TMC).

In many instances, U.S. standards are taken f orward to ISO and IEC, through ANSI
or USNC, where the y are adopted in whole or in part as international standards. For
this reason, ANSI pla ys an important part in creating international standards that
support the world wide sale of products, which prevent regions from using local
standards to favor local industries. Since volunteers f rom industry and government,
not ANSI staff, carry out the work of the international technical committees, the
success of these efforts of ten is dependent upon the willingness of U.S. industr y and
government to commit the resources required to ensure strong U.S. technical
participation in the international standards process.
National Standardization
ANSI currently provides a forum f or over 270 ANSI- accredited standards developers
representing approximately 200 distinct organizations in the private and public
sectors. These groups work cooperatively to develop voluntary national consensus
standards and American National Standards (ANS). In 2002, there were
approximatel y 10,000 such documents.
In order to maintain ANSI accreditation, standards developers are required to
consistently adhere to a set of requirements or procedures known as the ANSI
Essential Requirements: Due process requirements for American National
Standards , that govern the consensus development process. Due process is the
key to ensuring that ANSs are developed in an environment that is equitable,
accessible and responsive to the requirements of various stakeholders. The open
and f air ANS process ensures that all interested and affected parties have an
opportunit y to participate in a standards development. It also serves and protects
the public interest since standards developer accredited by ANSI must meet the
Institutes requirements f or openness, balance, consensus and other due process
saf eguards.
T he hallmarks of the American National Standards process include:

consensus on a proposed standard by a group or consensus bod y that

includes representatives f rom materiall y affected and interested parties;
broad-based public revie w and comment on draf t standards;
consideration of and response to comments submitted b y voting members of
the relevant consensus bod y and b y public review commenters;
incorporation of approved changes into a draf t standard; and
right to appeal by an y participant that believes that due process principles
were not sufficiently respected during the standards development in
accordance with the ANSI- accredited procedures of the standards developer.

T he ANSI process serves all standardization efforts in the United States by providing
and promoting a process that wi thstands scrutin y, while protecting the rights and
interests of ever y participant. In essence, ANSI standards quicken the market
acceptance of products while making clear how to improve the safet y of those
products f or the protection of consumers.

Overview

The NFPA mission is to reduce the worldwide burden of fire and other hazards on the quality of
life by developing and advocating consensus codes and standards, research, training, and
education.
Commitment to consensus
NFPA is an international nonprofit membership organization founded in 1896 as the National Fire
Protection Association. Today, with more than 75,000 members representing nearly 100 nations
and 320 employees around the world, NFPA serves as the world's leading advocate of fire
prevention and is an authoritative source on public safety. In fact, NFPA's 300 codes and
standards influence every building, process, service, design, and installation in the United
States, as well as many of those used in other countries.
NFPA codes and standards have helped save lives and protect property around the world. The
volunteers and staff of NFPA are dedicated to the single mission of continually enhancing public
safety. That dedication can be seen in the codes and standards that are adopted documents
developed through NFPA's commitment to creating a true consensus among those interested in
safety.
NFPA encourages the broadest possible participation in code development. The process is
driven by more than 6,000 volunteers from diverse professional backgrounds who serve on
230 technical code- and standard- development committees. Throughout the entire process,
interested parties are encouraged to provide NFPA technical committees with input. All NFPA
members then have the opportunity to vote on proposed and revised codes and standards.
NFPA's focus on true consensus has helped the association's code-development process earn
accreditation from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Examples of NFPAdeveloped codes include some of the world's most referenced and respected:

NFPA 1, Fire Prevention CodeTM

Provides the requirements necessary to establish a reasonable level of fire safety and
property protection in new and existing buildings.
NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code
The safety benchmark for fuel gas installations.
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code
The world's most widely used and accepted code for electrical installations.
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code
Establishes minimum requirements for new and existing buildings to protect building
occupants from fire, smoke, and toxic fumes.

Public safety education

From life-saving campaigns to training programs to special hazards guides, NFPA educational
efforts protect lives and property and are an established resource for fire, electrical, and life
safety instruction. NFPA's dedication to public safety extends beyond the development of codes
and standards to prevention education and professional training. NFPA's educational efforts
have affected people of all ages throughout North America, and in Latin America, Asia and

Europe. Examples of these programs include:

Sparky the Fire Dog - NFPA's mascot hosts his own

Web site featuring family safety activities
Risk Watch - NFPA's school-based program addresses the eight
leading causes of injury and death among children.
Fire Prevention Week - The official sponsor of Fire Prevention
Week, NFPA works with safety officials each October to educate
the public about fire safety and prevention.
Remembering WhenTM - Developed by NFPA's Center for High-Risk Outreach and the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, this program addresses the leading causes
of injuries among older adults.
Learn Not to Burn - Pioneered by NFPA, Learn Not to Burn uses age-appropriate
strategies to teach people of all ages how to make responsible fire-safety choices.
Public safety education tools - NFPA produces quality safety education materials for
many languages and age groups, including a variety of posters, booklets, brochures, and
award-winning videos and films.

Professional development
Get the inside track on expert training with NFPA. Stay current with the latest fire and life safety
requirements, technologies, and practices with NFPAs expanded training offerings.

Seminars - Led by NFPA staff and other nationally recognized experts, our seminars
provide insight into the meaning, intent, and proper application of the most widely used
fire and electrical safety codes.
Certification - NFPA administers several professional certification programs many areas
including: Certified Fire Protection Specialist, Certified Fire Inspector and Certified Fire
Plans Examiner.
NFPA's World Safety Conference & Exposition fosters the exchange of ideas among
Association members. New and revised NFPA codes and standards are also discussed
and voted upon at these meetings.
Americas' Fire Expo - Each July, this event attracts thousands from the United States,
Latin America, and the Caribbean Basin.
First responder safety and health - NFPA develops dozens of texts, guides, and other
materials targeted to firefighters and other first responders.

An information resource
As the leading organization for fire prevention and safety issues, NFPA is the premier resource
for fire data analysis, research, technical and industrial topics, and fire- and building-incident
investigationand analysis. NFPA is one of the principal sources of fire-data analysis in the United
States. NFPA's analyses guide educational outreach, support the work of technical committees,
and help frame the fire-loss picture for organizations, the media, and the general public. NFPA's
annual sample-based survey of fire departments provides the big picture of the U.S. fire
experience. NFPA's Fire-Incident Data Organization collects detailed reports on all significant
fires.

The Fire Protection Research Foundation - NFPA's research foundation provides a

worldwide catalyst for conducting independent research on fire and building risks and
new technologies. The Foundation's intensive research efforts support the development
of NFPA's codes and standards and educational and public-awareness efforts.

NFPA Journal, our members-only bimonthly magazine, covers industry news.

necdigestTM, NFPAs magazine designed to complement the National Electrical Code.
NFPA Update, our members-only monthly e-newsletter, covers breaking news and
coming events.

NFPA News provices status updates on the work of NFPA's technical committees and on
other codes- and standards-releated activities.

ASTM International
ASTM International - American Society for Testing and Materials - is a scientific and technical
organization that develops and publishes voluntary standards on the characteristics of
material, products, systems and services
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ASTM International, originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is one
of the largest voluntary standards development organizations in the world - a trusted source for
technical standards for materials, products, systems, and services.
The standards includes test procedures for determining or verifying characteristics as chemical
composition, measuring performance. The standards cover refined materials as steel and basic
products as machinery and fabricated equipment.
The ASTM standards are published in a set of 67 volumes in 16 sections:

Volume 00.01 - Subject Index - Alphanumeric List

Section 1 - Iron and Steel Products

Volume 01.01 - Steel - Piping, Tubing, Fittings

Volume 01.02 - Ferrous Castings; Ferroalloys
Volume 01.03 - Steel - Plate, Sheet, Strip, Wire; Stainless Steel Bar
Volume 01.04 - Steel - Structural, Reinforcing, Pressure Vessel, Railway
Volume 01.05 - Steel - Bars, Forgings, Bearing, Chain, Springs
Volume 01.06 - Coated Steel Products
Volume 01.07 - Ships and Marine Technology
Volume 01.08 - Fasteners

Section 2 - Nonferrous Metal Products

Volume 02.01 - Copper and Copper Alloys

Volume 02.02 - Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys
Volume 02.03 - Electrical Conductors
Volume 02.04 - Metals: Nickel, Cobalt, Lead, Tin, Zinc, Cadmium, Precious, Reactive,
Refractory Metals and Alloys; Materials for Thermostats, Electrical Testing and Resistance,
Contacts, Connectors
Volume 02.05 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings; Metal Powders; Sintered P/M Structural Parts

Section 3 - Metals Test Methods and Analytical Procedures

Volume 03.01 - Metals - Mechanical Testing; Elevated and Low-Temperature Tests;

Metallography

Volume 03.02 - Wear and Erosion; Metal Corrosion

Volume 03.03 - Nondestructive Testing
Volume 03.04 - Magnetic Properties
Volume 03.05 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials (I): E 32 to E
1724
Volume 03.06 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials (II): E356 to
latest; Molecular Spectroscopy; Surface Analysis

Section 4 - Construction

Volume 04.01 - Cement, Lime; Gypsum

Volume 04.02 - Concrete and Aggregates
Volume 04.03 - Road and Paving Materials; Vehicle-Pavement Systems
Volume 04.04 - Roofing and Waterproofing
Volume 04.05 - Roofing, Waterproofing, and Bituminous Materials
Volume 04.06 - Thermal Insulation; Environmental Acoustics
Volume 04.07 - Building Seals and Sealants; Fire Standards; Dimension Stone
Volume 04.08 - Soil and Rock (I): D 420 to D 5779
Volume 04.09 - Soil and Rock (II): D 5780 - latest; Geosynthetics
Volume 04.10 - Wood
Volume 04.11 - Building Construction
Volume 04.12 - Building Constructions (II): E 1672 - latest; Property Management Systems
Volume 04.13 - Geosynthetics

Section 5 - Petroleum Products, Lubricants, and Fossil Fuels

Volume 05.01 - Petroleum Products and Lubricants (I): D 56 - D 2596

Volume 05.02 - Petroleum Products and Lubricants (II): D 2597 - D 4927
Volume 05.03 - Petroleum Products and Lubricants (III): D 4928 - D 5950
Volume 05.04 - Petroleum Products and Lubricants (IV): D 5966 - latest
Volume 05.05 - Test Methods for Rating Motor, Diesel, and Aviation Fuels; Catalysts;
Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products
Volume 05.06 - Gaseous Fuels; Coal and Coke

Section 6 - Paints, Related Coatings, and Aromatics

Volume 06.01 - Paint - Tests for Chemical, Physical, and Optical Properties; Appearance
Volume 06.02 - Paint - Products and Applications; Protective Coatings; Pipeline Coatings
Volume 06.03 - Paint - Pigments, Drying Oils, Polymers, Resins, Naval Stores, Cellulosic
Esters, and Ink Vehicles
Volume 06.04 - Paint - Solvents; Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Section 7 - Textiles

Volume 07.01 - Textiles (I): D76 - D3218

Volume 07.02 - Textiles (II): D3333 - latest

Section 8 - Plastics

Volume 08.01 - Plastics (I): D 256 - D 2343

Volume 08.02 - Plastics (II): D 2383 - D 4322
Volume 08.03 - Plastics (III): D 4329 - latest
Volume 08.04 - Plastic Pipe and Building Products

Section 9 - Rubber

Volume 09.01 - Rubber, Natural and Synthetic -- General Test Methods; Carbon Black
Volume 09.02 - Rubber Products, Industrial - Specifications and Related Test Methods:
Gaskets; Tires

Section 10 - Electrical Insulation and Electronics

Volume 10.01 - Electrical Insulation (I): D 69 - D 2484

Volume 10.02 - Electrical Insulation (II): D 2518 - latest
Volume 10.03 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases; Electrical Protective Equipment
Volume 10.04 - Electronics

Section 11 - Water and Environmental Technology

Volume 11.01 - Water (I)

Volume 11.02 - Water (II)
Volume 11.03 - Atmospheric Analysis; Occupational Health and Safety; Protective Clothing
Volume 11.04 - Environmental Assessment; Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Responses;
Waste Management
Volume 11.05 - Biological Effects and Environmental Fate; Biotechnology; Pesticides

Section 12 - Nuclear, Solar, and Geothermal Energy

Volume 12.01 - Nuclear Energy (I)

Volume 12.02 - Nuclear Energy (II), Solar, and Geothermal Energy

Section 13 - Medical Devices and Services

Volume 13.01 - Medical Devices; Emergency Medical Services

Volume 13.02 - Emergency Medical Services, Search and Rescue

Section 14 - General Methods and Instrumentation

Volume 14.01 - Healthcare Informatics

Volume 14.02 - General Test Methods; Forensic Sciences; Terminology; Conformity
Assessment; Statistical Methods
Volume 14.03 - Temperature Measurement
Volume 14.04 - Laboratory Apparatus; Degradation of Materials; SI; Oxygen Fire Safety

Section 15 - General Products, Chemical Specialties, and End Use Products

Volume 15.01 - Refractures; Activated Carbon; Advanced Ceramics

Volume 15.02 - Glass; Ceramic Whitewares
Volume 15.03 - Space Simulation; Aerospace and Aircraft; High Modulus Fibers
Volume 15.04 - Soaps and Other Detergents; Polishes; Leather; Resilient Floor Coverings
Volume 15.05 - Engine Coolants; Halogenated Organic Solvents and Fire Extinguishing
Agents; Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
Volume 15.06 - Adhesives
Volume 15.07 - Sport Equipment; Safety and Traction for Footwear; Amusement Rides;
Consumer Products
Volume 15.08 - Sensory Evaluation; Vacuum Cleaners; Security Systems; Detention Facilities;
Food Service Equipment
Volume 15.09 - Paper; Packaging; Flexible Barrier Materials; Business Imaging Products

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API - American Petroleum Institute

The American Petroleum Institute - API
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The American Petroleum Institute - API - represents more than 400 members involved in the oil and
natural gas industry.
Over 900 API standards serve as the basis for API quality programs covering production material and
lubricants, and certification programs for storage tanks, pressure vessels, and piping inspectors. API
publish recommended practices, research reports, and specifications on pipelines, valves, offshore
structures, oil-spill response procedures, environmental protection, exploration, facility management
and much more.
The API membership work is organized in

the API upstream segment

the API downstream segment
the API marine segment
the API pipeline segment

Popular Titles from API

Some popular titles from API are

API Publication 4721

Analytical Detection and Quantification Limits: Survey of State and Federal Approaches
API 526
Flanged Steel Pressure Relief Valves
API 620
Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks
API RP 1007
Loading and Unloading of MC 306 / DOT 406 Cargo Tank Motor Vehicles
ANSI/API 1104
Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
API 650
Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
API 653
Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
API 5L
Specification for Line Pipe
API SPEC 6A
Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment
API 5CT
Specification for Casing and Tubing (U.S. Customary Units)
API RP 7G
Recommended Practice for Drill Stem Design and Operation Limits

ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASME is one of the leading organizations in the world developing codes and standards

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ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers - is a 120,000-member professional organization

focused on technical, educational and research issues of the engineering and technology community.
ASME conducts one of the world's largest technical publishing operations, holds numerous technical
conferences worldwide, and offers hundreds of professional development courses each year. ASME
sets internationally recognized industrial and manufacturing codes and standards that enhance public
safety.
The work of the Society is performed by its member-elected Board of Governors and through its five
Councils, 44 Boards and hundreds of Committees in 13 regions throughout the world.

Technical Divisions and Subdivisions

Advancing the science and practice of mechanical engineering is the responsibility of the Society's 37
Technical Divisions and Subdivisions, which span a vast array of disciplines, technologies and
industries:

Advanced Energy Systems - Promotes the advancement of emerging energy conversion

devices and processes, such as hydrogen technologies, fuel cells and heat pumps, and
understanding of thermo economics.
Aerospace - Concerns mechanical engineering of aircraft and manned/unmanned spacecraft
design, including adaptive structures and materials, propulsion systems and life support
equipment.
Applied Mechanics - Advances the study of how media, including solids, fluids and systems,
respond to external stimuli, as well as the specialized areas of shock and vibration and computer
applications.
Bioengineering - Focused on the application of mechanical engineering principles to the
conception, design, development, analysis and operation of biomechanical systems.
Computers & Information in Engineering - Concerned with the application of emerging
computer simulation technology to enhance the entire engineering process.
Design Engineering - Addresses the design concepts of machines and mechanisms, such as
fastening/joining methods and gearing, as well as design aspects affecting reliability and
manufacturability.
Dynamic Systems & Control - Concentrates on control methods and devices, from
servomechanisms and regulators to automatic controls, for dynamic systems involving forces,
motion and/or the flow of energy or material.
Electronic & Photonic Packaging - Fosters cooperation on mechanical engineering
considerations of microelectronics, photonics, microwave and microelectromechanical systems
design and manufacturing.
Environmental Engineering - Concerns air, ground and water pollution control technologies,
including environmental remediation and mixed hazardous/radioactive waste management.
Fluids Engineering - Involved in fluid mechanics in all types of systems and processes
involving fluid flow, including pumps, turbines, compressors, pipelines, biological fluid elements
and hydraulic structures.
Fluid Power Systems & Technology - Advances the design and analysis of fluid power
components, such as hydraulic and pneumatic actuators, pumps, motors and modulating
components, in various systems and applications.
Fuels & Combustion Technologies - Dedicated to the understanding of fuels and
combustion systems in modern utility and industrial power plants, including fuels handling,
preparation, processing and by-product emissions controls.
Heat Transfer - Enhances the theory and application of heat transfer in equipment and
thermodynamic processes in all fields of mechanical engineering and related technologies.

Information Storage & Processing Systems - Focuses on the mechanics of electronic

information storage devices and their manufacture, with primary focus on rigid and floppy disks,
magnetic tape, VCR and optical disk technologies.
Internal Combustion Engine - Furthers mechanical engineering of all types of reciprocating
combustion engines, including diesel and spark ignited engines for mobile, marine, rail and
stationary power generation applications.
International Gas Turbine Institute - Supports the design, manufacture and operation of gas
turbine and aeroengine machinery in various applications, including aircraft, marine and electric
power generation.
Management - Concerns the management of the engineering process to control resources,
both human and material, to improve the quality of products and services provided by
organizations.
Manufacturing Engineering - Fosters the transfer of technology related to manufacturing
systems for improved production performance, including machine tools, computer integrated
manufacturing and robotics.
Materials - Focuses on the properties of materials, such as metals, ceramics, composites and
polymers, and its influence on design consideration in materials selection for engineering
structures.
Materials Handling Engineering - Promotes the dissemination and application of
technological advancements in material transport systems through mechanical engineering,
systems engineering and information technology.
Microelectromechanical Systems Subdivision - Furthers developments of miniature
devices combining electrical, mechanical, optical, chemical and/or biological components
fabricated via integrated circuit or similar manufacturing techniques.
Noise Control & Acoustics - Advances the application of physical principles of acoustics to
the solution of noise control problems, as well as the uses of acoustics in industrial applications.
NonDestructive Evaluation Engineering - Covers the evaluation of critical system
components for material/defect/structure characterization through nondestructive methods, such
as ultrasonics, radiography and other techniques.
Nuclear Engineering - Concerns the design, development, testing, operation and
maintenance of nuclear reactor systems and components, fusion, heat transport, nuclear fuels
technology and radioactive waste.
Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engineering - Promotes international technological progress in
the recovery of energy resources in offshore and arctic environments, as well as systems,
equipment and vehicles for underwater sea usage.
Petroleum - Covers mechanical systems used in the entire area of petroleum drilling,
production, refining, processing, and transportation, as well as management and environmental
concerns.
Pipeline Systems Division - Promotes pipeline systems technology, including automation,
rotating equipment, geotechnics, heat transfer, offshore, materials, GIS, database, environmental
issues, design, construction, and integrity.
Plant Engineering & Maintenance - Focuses on the design, fabrication, installation,
operation and maintenance of manufacturing systems, equipment, processes and facilities to
create products of enhanced value.
Power - Disseminates information on the research, design, operation, economics, and
environmental effects of fossil-fired thermal power generation systems, including hydroelectric.
Pressure Vessels & Piping - Concerns the design, fabrication, inspection, operation and
failure prevention of power boilers, heating boilers, pipelines, pumps, valves and other pressurebearing components and vessels.
Process Industries - Focuses on the design of systems and machines for heating, cooling or
treating industrial fluids and gases, including the efficient management and control of the
processes themselves.
Rail Transportation - Covers the mechanical design, construction, operation and
maintenance of locomotives, freight, passenger and commuter cars in railroads and mass transit
systems.

Safety Engineering & Risk Analysis - Promotes practices that lead to reduced risk and loss
prevention by creating safer products, processes, and occupational environments.
Solar Energy - Concerned with all aspects of solar-derived energy for mechanical and
electrical power generation, as well as wind energy and ocean thermal energy conversion.
Solid Waste Processing - Addresses the design, construction and operation of solid waste
processing and disposal facilities, including waste-to-energy combustors, materials
recovery/recycling, landfills and composting.
Technology & Society - Covers all issues concerning the inter-relationships between
technological innovation and the world community, as well as the social responsibility of the
engineer.
Textile Engineering - Focuses on product and process technology for the improvement of
fiber, composite material, textile, and apparel manufacturing operations, machinery and
instrumentation.
Tribology - Involved in all aspects of friction, lubrication and wear in mechanical designs and
manufacturing processes, as well as its economic impact on system reliability and maintainability.

Popular Publications from ASME

The ASME committees within the different divisions and subdivisions develops, updates and publish
some of the worlds most used codes and standards. Some of the popular titles are:
ASME 2004 Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code - The Code, which is issued once every three years, is
comprised of 28 separate volumes which establish rules of safety governing the design, fabrication
and inspection of boilers and pressure vessels, including nuclear power systems. The Code has been
updated to incorporate advancements in boiler and pressure vessel design, materials and applications,
and provides the latest information to maintain ASME Code Symbol Stamps.
ASME A17-CD - CD-ROM for Elevators and Escalators. Includes: A17.1 Safety Code for Elevators
and Escalators - A17.2 Guide for Inspection of Elevators, Escalators and Moving Walks - A17.3 Safety
Code for Existing Elevators and Escalators
ASME B31.1 - 2001 Power Piping - The code prescribes minimum requirements for the design,
materials, fabrication, erection, test, and inspection of power and auxiliary service piping systems for
electric generation stations, industrial institutional plants, central and district heating plants. The code
covers boiler external piping for power boilers and high temperature, high pressure water boilers in
which steam or vapor is generated at a pressure of more than 15 PSIG; and high temperature water is
generated at pressures exceeding 160 PSIG and/or temperatures exceeding 250 degrees F.
ASME B31.3 - 2002 Process Piping - The Code contains rules for piping typically found in petroleum
refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related
processing plants and terminals. The Code prescribes requirements for materials and components,
design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping. The Code
applies to piping for all fluids including: (1) raw, intermediate, and finished chemicals; (2) petroleum
products; (3) gas, steam, air and water; (4) fluidized solids; (5) refrigerants; and (6) cryogenic fluids.
Also included is piping which interconnects pieces or stages within a packaged equipment assembly.
ASME V14.5M - 1994 Dimensioning and Tolerance - The standard establishes uniform practices for
stating and interpreting dimensioning, tolerances, and related requirements for use on engineering
drawings and in related documents. For a mathematical explanation of many of the principles in this
standard, see ASME Y14.5.1m. Practices unique to architectural and civil engineering, land, welding
symbology are not included.
ASME B16.5 - 1996 Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings - The Standard covers pressure-temperature
ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for
pipe flanges and flanged fittings in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 and in rating Classes 150, 300, 400,

600, 900, 1500, and 2500. Flanges and flanged fittings may be cast, forged, or (for blind flanges and
certain reducing flanges only) plate materials as listed in Table 1A. Requirements and
recommendations regarding bolting and gaskets are also included.
ASME B31.4 - 1998 - Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and other
Liquids - The Code prescribes requirements for the design, materials, construction, assembly,
inspection, and testing of piping transporting liquids such as crude oil, condensate, natural gasoline,
natural gas liquids, liquefied petroleum gas, carbon dioxide, liquid alcohol, liquid anhydrous ammonia
and liquid petroleum products between producers' lease facilities, tank farms, natural gas processing
plants, refineries, stations, ammonia plants, terminals (marine, rail and truck) and other delivery and
receiving points. Piping consists of pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, relief devices, fittings and
the pressure containing parts of other piping components. It also includes hangers and supports, and
other equipment items necessary to prevent overstressing the pressure containing parts. It does not
include support structures such as frames of buildings, buildings stanchions or foundations or any
equipment such as defined in para. 400.1.2(B). Requirements for offshore pipelines are found in
Chapter IX. Also included within the scope of this Code are: (A) Primary and associated auxiliary liquid
petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping at pipeline terminals (marine, rail and truck), tank
farms, pump stations, pressure reducing stations and metering stations, including scraper traps,
strainers, and prover loop; (B) Storage and working tanks including pipe-type storage fabricated from
pipe and fittings, and piping interconnecting these facilities; (C) Liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous
ammonia piping located on property which has been set aside for such piping within petroleum
refinery, natural gasoline, gas processing, ammonia, and bulk plants; (D) Those aspects of operation
and maintenance of liquid pipeline systems relating to the safety and protection of the general public,
operating company personnel, environment, property and the piping systems.

ASHRAE - American Society of Heating And Refrigeration

Engineers
ASHRAE Standards
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ASHRAE is an international organization operated for the exclusive purpose of advancing the arts and
sciences of HVAC & R (heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration), the allied arts and
sciences, and the related human factors for the benefit of the public.
ASHRAE has over 175 standards, some written jointly with ANSI and IES. ASHRAE standards
describe uniform methods of testing, specify design requirements, and recommend standard practices.
They also publish numerous handbooks on fundamentals, applications, refrigeration, and several other
comprehensive subjects.
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BSi - British Standards institute

British Standards institute - BSi
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British Standards institute is the National Standards Body of the UK, responsible for facilitating,
drafting, publishing and marketing British Standards and other guidelines. British Standards provides

UK industry and other stakeholders with their major access to and influence on standardization, both in
the European arena (with CEN, CENELEC and ETSI) and internationally (with ISO and IEC).

Standards Developments Committees

Representations are sought from many spheres including: consumer organizations; professional
institutions; certification, testing and inspection bodies; educational establishments; research
organizations; UK notified bodies; enforcement bodies and government departments.
Over 15,000 British Standard publications have been published, all falling in one of the following
standards programmes:

Building and Civil Engineering

Materials and Chemicals
Engineering
Electro technical
Consumer Products and Services
Healthcare
Management Systems
DISC (Information Technology)

Numbering British Standards

The British Standards are titled
BS XXX:Year Title
where
XXX is the number of the standard

Popular Titles from BSi

Some of the most popular titles from BSi:

BS 8888:2002 Technical product documentation (TPD). Specification for defining, specifying

and graphically representing products
BS PD 5500:2003 Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels
BS EN ISO 9001:2000 Quality management systems. Requirements
BS EN ISO 9004:2000 Quality management systems. Guidelines for performance
improvements
BS 5839-1:2002 Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings. Code of practice for system
design, installation, commissioning and maintenance
BS EN ISO 10012:2003 Measurement management systems. Requirements for measurement
processes and measuring equipment
BS EN ISO 19011:2002 Guidelines for quality and/or environmental management systems
auditing
BS EN ISO 14001:1996 Environmental management systems. Specification with guidance for
use
BS 5266-1:1999 Emergency lighting. Code of practice for the emergency lighting of premises
other than cinemas and certain other specified premises used for entertainment
BS 7671:2001 Requirements for electrical installations. IEE Wiring Regulations. Sixteenth
edition

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JIS - Japanese Industrial Standards

The Japanese Standards Association - JSA
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JIS - Japanese Industrial Standards specifies the standards used for industrial activities in Japan. The
standardization process is coordinated by Japanese Industrial Standards Committee - JISC - and
published through Japanese Standards Association - JSA.
The objective of the Japanese Standards Association - JSA - is "to educate the public regarding the
standardization and unification of industrial standards, and thereby to contribute to the improvement of
technology and the enhancement of production efficiency".
The Japanese industrial standards are organized in the divisions:

A. Civil Engineering and Architecture

General
Test and Inspection
Design and Plan
Accommodation and Fixture
Material and Fittings
Execution
Working Machine and Appliance
Miscellaneous

B. Mechanical Engineering

General
Machine and Parts
Common to Factory Automation
Tools, Jig and Implements
Machine Tool
Measuring and Calculating Machine and Appliances, Machine for Physics Machine and
Appliances, Machine for Physics
General Machine

C. Electronic and Electrical Engineering

General
Measuring and Testing Machine and Appliance
Material
Electric Wire, Cable and Electric Line Apparatus
Electric Machine and Appliance
Communication Machine and Appliance
Vacuum Tube, Lamp Bulb
Illumination Appliance, Wiring Appliance, Battery
Electric Application Machine and Appliance

D. Automotive Engineering

General

Method of Test and Inspection

Common Parts
Motors and Engine
Chassis, Car Bodies
Electric System, Instrument
Special Car Construction Machine
Repair, Control, Test and Inspection Appliance
Bicycles

E. Railway Engineering

Track General
Electric Car Line and Substation
Signaling and Safety Appliance
Rolling Stock General
Motive Power (Rolling Stock)
Railway Carriage and Wagons
Industrial Vehicles
Cable Cars

F. Shipbuilding

General
Hull Parts
Engine Parts
Electric Parts (1)
Measuring Instruments

G. Ferrous Materials and Metallurgy

General
Analysis Method
Raw Materials
Carbon Steel
Alloy Steel
Cast Steel and Cast Iron
JIS Developed Corresponding to ISO of Ferrous Materials & Metallurgy
Miscellaneous

H. Non-ferrous Metals and Metallurgy

General
Analysis Method
Raw Materials
Cooper and Copper Alloy
Other Metal than Copper and its Alloy
Casting
Secondary Products
Functional Materials
Processing Method and Appliance
Miscellaneous

K. Chemical Engineering

General
Monomer Chemicals, Manure, etc.
Fuel Lubricating Oil, Petroleum Product, Fuel Gas and Tar Products, etc.
Oil-Cake, Perfume, Biotechnology and Membranes
Raw Materials of Dyestuff, Dyestuff and Explosive
Pigment, Paint, Copying Materials
Rubber and Leather, etc
Plastics
Photography Sensitive Materials
Reagent

L. Textile Engineering

General
Test and Inspection
Thread
Woven Fabric, Braided Goods Braided Goods
Textile Product
Yarn Reeling Machine
Textile Machine, Braiding Machine
Dyeing Finishing Machine

M. Mining

General
Exploration
Mining
Dressing Coal, Dressing
Transportation
Safety Item
Mine Products

P. Pulp and Paper

General
Pulp
Paper
Paper Goods
Test and Measurement
Miscellaneous

Q. Management System

Reference Materials/Management System

R. Ceramics

General
Pottery Ware
Refractories
Glass and Mineral Fibrous Goods
Enamel Wares

Cement Goods
Abrasives and Ovenwares
Carbons
Special Ceramic Wares
Miscellaneous

S. Domestic Wares

General
Furniture and Household Wares
Oil Burning Appliances, Table Wares and Kitchen Wares
Other Household Wares
Vanity Wares and Personal Accessories
Foot Gear
Stationery and Office Wares
Sporting Utensil
Amusement Utensil and Musical Instruments
Miscellaneous

T. Medical Equipment and Safety Appliances

General
Medical Electric Machine and Appliance
General Surgical Machine and Appliance
Dental Machine and Appliance
Dental Materials
Medical Equipment and Apparatus
Safety for Working
Rehabilitation Machine and Appliance, Other Medical Appliance and Sanitation Goods

W. Aircraft and Aviation

General
Materials for Aircraft Standard Parts
Hull
Engine
Propeller
Measuring Instrument
Radio Communication Apparatus
Ground Facilities
Miscellaneous

X. Information Processing

Terms Symbols, Codes, etc.

Programming Languages
Business Graph, Japanese Languages, Documents Interchanges
OSI and LAN, Data Transmission
Output Machines and Devices, Data Mediums
Field of Allocation
OCR, POS, etc.

Z. Miscellaneous, Packaging, Welding, Radioactivity, etc.

Physical Distribution, Material, Container and Packaging Method Container, Material and
Packaging Method
Miscellaneous Testing Method Power Metallurgy Foundry Sand Fungal Resistance Test
Welding
Radioactivity
Micro-graphics
Recycle
Standards, Generals, Miscellaneous
Shop Management

Standards are named like "JIS X 0208:1997", where X denotes area division, followed by four digits (or
five digits for some of the standards corresponding ISO standards), and the revision release year.
Example:

JIS B 2001:1987 - Nominal size and bore of valves