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    Basic Genetics: As The Other Alleles On The Chromosome

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    Kiyo Tan
    This document provides definitions for key terms in genetics, genetic engineering, and biotechnology. It defines alleles, genomes, base substitutions, haemoglobin, chromosomes, mutations, codominant alleles, natural selection, genes, ABO blood groups, gametes, genotypes, phenotypes, pedigrees, backcrosses, heterozygous, homozygous, carriers, recessive, dominant, loci, sex chromosomes, monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses, sex linkage, test crosses, clones, genetically modified organisms, plasmids, DNA ligase, DNA profiling, gene splicing, polymerase chain reaction, host cells, recombinant plasmids, gel electrophoresis, and therapeutic cloning.

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    Basic Genetics: As The Other Alleles On The Chromosome

    Uploaded by

    Kiyo Tan
    42 views3 pages
    This document provides definitions for key terms in genetics, genetic engineering, and biotechnology. It defines alleles, genomes, base substitutions, haemoglobin, chromosomes, mutations, codominant alleles, natural selection, genes, ABO blood groups, gametes, genotypes, phenotypes, pedigrees, backcrosses, heterozygous, homozygous, carriers, recessive, dominant, loci, sex chromosomes, monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses, sex linkage, test crosses, clones, genetically modified organisms, plasmids, DNA ligase, DNA profiling, gene splicing, polymerase chain reaction, host cells, recombinant plasmids, gel electrophoresis, and therapeutic cloning.

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    Genetics Vocab

    Original Title

    Genetics Vocabulary

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    This document provides definitions for key terms in genetics, genetic engineering, and biotechnology. It defines alleles, genomes, base substitutions, haemoglobin, chromosomes, mutations, codominant alleles, natural selection, genes, ABO blood groups, gametes, genotypes, phenotypes, pedigrees, backcrosses, heterozygous, homozygous, carriers, recessive, dominant, loci, sex chromosomes, monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses, sex linkage, test crosses, clones, genetically modified organisms, plasmids, DNA ligase, DNA profiling, gene splicing, polymerase chain reaction, host cells, recombinant plasmids, gel electrophoresis, and therapeutic cloning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    42 views3 pages

    Basic Genetics: As The Other Alleles On The Chromosome

    Uploaded by

    Kiyo Tan
    This document provides definitions for key terms in genetics, genetic engineering, and biotechnology. It defines alleles, genomes, base substitutions, haemoglobin, chromosomes, mutations, codominant alleles, natural selection, genes, ABO blood groups, gametes, genotypes, phenotypes, pedigrees, backcrosses, heterozygous, homozygous, carriers, recessive, dominant, loci, sex chromosomes, monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses, sex linkage, test crosses, clones, genetically modified organisms, plasmids, DNA ligase, DNA profiling, gene splicing, polymerase chain reaction, host cells, recombinant plasmids, gel electrophoresis, and therapeutic cloning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    BASIC GENETICS

    Allele a specific form of a gene which occupies the same genes locus
    as the other alleles on the chromosome
    Genome the entire genetic information of an organism
    Base substitution when one base is changed for another, might
    change the amino acid
    Haemoglobin a globular protein associated with the transport of
    oxygen in blood
    Chromosome the threadlike structure of nucleic acids and proteins
    found in the nucleus carrying genetic information
    Mutation a change in the base sequence of an allele
    Codominant alleles pairs of alleles that both affect the phenotype
    when present in a heterozygote
    Natural selection Better adapted individuals are the ones that are
    more likely to survive and produce offspring while less adapted ones are
    more likely to die. Natural selection results in the better adapted
    individuals to pass on their characteristics to more offspring as the
    lesser adapted ones are more likely to die before they reproduce.
    Gene a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic

    THEORETICAL GENETICS
    ABO blood group A and B are codominant but A and B are dominant
    to O
    Gamete a haploid sex cell
    P generation the parent generation (the ones that are crossed)
    Genotype the alleles of an organism
    Phenotype the physical characteristics of an organism
    Pedigree the gene tree of a family
    Back cross crossing a hybrid with another which is genetically
    identical to its parent
    Heterozygous having 2 different alleles of a gene
    Homozygous having 2 identical alleles of a gene

    Carrier an individual that has only 1 copy recessive allele of a gene so


    it does not have an effect on their genotype
    Recessive an allele that only has an effect on a phenotype when in a
    homozygous state
    Dominant an allele that has an effect on a phenotype when in
    homozygous or heterozygous state
    Locus a specific location of a gene on a chromosome
    Sex chromosome pair of chromosomes that determine ones gender
    Monohybrid crossing of individuals with different alleles at one locus
    of interest
    Dihybrid crossing of individuals with different alleles at two locus of
    interest
    Sex linkage genes that are located on a sex chromosome making one
    gender more prone to it than the other
    Test Cross the crossing of an individual with a known homozygous
    recessive genotype (aa) with an individual with an unknown but
    dominant genotype (AA or Aa)

    GENETIC ENGINAEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY


    CLONE are a group of genetically identical organisms or a group of
    cells derived from a single parent cell.
    GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM (GMO) organisms that have
    been genetically modified
    PLASMID accessory DNA of prokaryotes
    DNA LIGASE an enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands
    together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond.
    DNA PROFILE identifying individuals by their genetic DNA
    GENE SPLICING cutting out the introns and keeping the exons of
    mRNA to make mature mRNA
    POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) amplifying small quantities
    of DNA to generate millions of copies for DNA profiling
    HOST CELL the cell in which a virus reproduces

    RECOMBINANT PLASMIDS plasmids that contain genetic material


    that is recombined from different genetic pieces
    GEL ELECTROPHORESIS the technique of separating
    macromolecules, (proteins, DNA and RNA) by their fragments based on
    their charge and size
    THERAPEUTIC CLONING cloning of organs and tissues not of an
    entire organism, somatic cell nuclear transfer

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