[Transactions of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies].

The Session of 1884-5

Source: The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 6 (1885), pp. xli-liv
Published by: The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies
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xli

THE SESSION

OF 1884-5.

The First General Meeting was held at 22, Albemarle

Street on Thursday, October 23, 1884, PROFESSORC. T.
NEWTON, C.B., Vice-President, in the Chair.
The REV. EDMONDWARRE, D.D., Head Master of Eton,
read a paper on the ' Raft of Odysseus' (Journal, Vol. V.,
p. 209). The writer explained that the paper was based
entirely on personal researches and observation of actual ship
building. A model of the raft, as he conceived it, had been
made under his direction in the Eton School of Mechanics
and was now presented to the Society. Dr. Warre's main
contention was that Homer's account of the making of the
raft was strictly accurate, and that an actual raft, capable of
making the voyage in question, could be constructed after
Homer's description.
The CHAIRMANpointed out that in the British Museum
were two actual portions of ancient vessels; (I) a bronze
figure-head from Actium, and (2) a long cross-beam from
the floor of an Italian galley, found at the bottom of Lake
Nemi.
PROFESSOR JEBB said that this passage in the Odyssey
had for the first time been made clear to him by Dr. Warre's
It also explained a passage in the Hecuba of
paper.
Euripides (1. I 3), Ta~ WrovTrowo'pove
CXe68ia, where the word
was used as a synonym for vaiGv. This would be
a'xea

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xlii
hardly appropriate if the o-Xe8ia were merely a flat raft, but
if, as Dr. Warre suggested, the o-Xe8la had a second platform
its resemblance in the distance to a ship would be close
enough to justify the metaphor.
After further remarks from -Professor Campbell and Mr. Gow,
MR. E. A. GARDNERread a paper on' Ornaments and Armour
from Kertch in the New Museum at Oxford' (Journal,
Vol. V. p. 62), describing the objects in detail and indicating
their importance as specimens of undoubted Hellenic metalwork.
The CHAIRMAN,referring to one of the bronze ornaments
in the form of a camel's head, said that the camel was associated with objects of very early Greek art in a little bronze
found at Kameiros, where a man with an Assyrian cut of
beard was riding on a kneeling camel. This was of Phoenician
origin, but the ornaments found with it were of archaic Greek
character. The ornaments described in the paper were just
like others found not only at Kertch but even in Capua,
in Athens, in the islands, and at Kyme in Aeolis.
PROFESSORP. GARDNERpointed out that a special feature
in the Russian finds was the full and accurate manner in
which they were described. A further advance of Russia
towards the south might be matter for regret politically, but
would be a gain to archaeology. In this respect despotic
Russia had set a good example to free England.

The Second General Meeting was held at 22, Albemarle

Street on Thursday, March 12, 1885, at 5 P.M. PROFESSOR
C. T. NEWTON,C.B., Vice-President, in the Chair.
PROFESSOR W. M. RAMSAY read the first part of a paper
'On the Archaic Pottery of the Coast of Northern Ionia and
Southern Aeolis.' The main thesis of this part of the paper

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xliii
was to claim for the potters of the Aeolian Cyme four vases
which have been published at different times: Monum. dell.
Instit., ix. 4 and ix. 5 (2) ; Journal Hell. Stud., ii. p. 305 ; and
Bull. Corresp. Hell., 1884, plate vii. A vase of the Barre
collection was mentioned as showing close analogy to the
third of these vases, but the woodcut in the sale catalogue,
p. 8, was insufficient to permit a judgment. The paper treated
at length the character of the ornamentation in these vases,
showing that at first the potters of Cyme in the general type
imitated Phoenician or Cypro-Phoenician ware, but in various
details they had recourse to nature or to the native art of
Anatolia. In the two later vases, those of the Monum., the
art had a well-established definite character of its own. The
paper compared at some length the ornament on the most
primitive of these vases (a continuous series of very narrow
horizontal bands of bright strongly-contrasted colours surrounding the entire lower part of the vase) with a species of
inlaid bronze-work frequently alluded to in the Iliad,
(especially xi. 20-27), and argued that this kind of bronzework was Cypro-Phoenician imported to the coast of Aeolis,
and that it was imitated by the maker of the vase in question.
A vase found at Temir Gora, near Kertch, the ancient
Panticapaion, wrongly mentioned by M. Rayet as having
been found at Phanagoria, was correctly assigned by Rayet
to Ionian potters, but belongs probably to a South Ionian
pottery.
The CHAIRMANsaid that the subject was one of much
interest. There were some vases not noted by Mr. Ramsay
of which the provenance was quite certain, as e.g. some late
examples from Budrum and Ephesus. It was most important
to collect fragments wherever found. Further remains were
wanted from Phocaea, because we know at what date the
city was deserted.
MR. H. HOWORTHsaid it was rash to assume that a vase
found in a Milesian colony was of Ionian fabric. It was important to consider where a particular clay was found to make

f2

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xliv
the manufacture of a given vase possible. Some clays were
only fit for rough ware. For example, the Samian ware
imported into Britain could not be imitated here for lack of
clay. The ports on the Black Sea were frequented from all
parts of the Greek world at a very early date, on account of
the gold trade.
PROFESSORGARDNER said he thought that the history
of commerce would be illustrated by the find-spots of
pottery, the fabric and material throwing light upon trade
routes.
MR. ERNEST GARDNER'S paper on 'A

Silver

Statuette

in the British Museum' was postponed to the following

meeting.

The Third General Meeting

was held at 22, Albemarle

Street on Thursday, May 7, 1885, at 5 P.M. PROFESSOR C. T.

NEWTON, C.B., Vice-President, in the Chair.
MR. ERNEST GARDNER read a paper on 'A Silver Statuette
in the British Museum, representing a Boy and a Goose.'
(Journal, Vol. VI., p. I.)
This was found near Alexandria, together with coins which
fix the date of its burial at about 240 B C. After referring to
fifty extant works representing a similar subject, the writer
proceeded to assign them to six principal types. The relation
and origin of these types is a matter of considerable obscurity,
and hence a trustworthy date is a great help to the discussion.
Jahn and others had previously assumed a connexion between
some statues representing a boy and a goose and a recorded
work of Boethos. The characteristics of that work might
also be preserved to some extent by the British Museum
statuette, which, though not a direct cropy,might be assigned
to the school or influence of the same artist. If so, as a work
in silver, it would be likely to teach us something of his
manner of treating a material in which he is known to have
excelled. The subject of this and other kindred works is one

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xlv
well suited to the tendency of the early Hellenistic age, when
the craving for an artificial simplicity was met by the pastoral
in poetry, and representations from child-life in art. The
large number of examples still extant might be explained not
only by the extreme popularity of the subject, but also by
the ease with which it could be adapted to purposes of
fountain decoration, and the majority of the copies we now
possess were produced to meet the demand of the decorators
of Roman houses and villas. The British Museum statuette
is, from its material and period, a safer guide as to style.
Miss J. HARRISONread a paper on a hitherto unpublished
vase now in the Campana collection of the Louvre, a blackfigured cylix of the potter Nicosthenes. In connexion with
this vase the writer tried to show (I) that the art-form which
the myth of Odysseus and the Sirens assumes on Greek vases
has arisen from the juxtaposition, at first accidental, of two or
more racing galleys and the Assyrian bird-woman types
already current in vase decoration; (2) that the design
appearing on the vase of Nicosthenes and some thirteen other
Greek vases, namely, a succession of galleys apparently
racing, is connected with nautical contests in honour of
Dionysus.

The Annual
on Thursday,

Meeting

June

was held at

22,

Albemarle Street

25, 1885, at 5 P.M., IPROFESSOR C. T.

NEWTON, C.B., Vice-President, in the Chair. The following

Report was read by the HON. SEC. on behalf of the
Council :

THiEJournal of Hellenic Studies still represents the main work of the

Society, and the fifth volume, published in 1884, was in no way inferiorto
its predecessors either in interest or variety. The paper contributed by
Mr. Theodore Bent upon the valuable researches he has made for several
years past among the Cyclades,is a good example of the work which may
be done by private enterprise when directed by zeal and knowledge. It
is satisfactory to know that Mr. Bent's visit to the islands of the Aegean
this spring has yielded no less interesting results, which it is hoped that
he will communicate to the Society. The paper on 'Sepulchral Customs
in Ancient Phrygia,' by Mr. W. M. Ramsay, whose appointment to the

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xlvi
new Chair of Archaeology at Oxford may here be recorded, represents a
further outcome of the valuable researches in Asia Minor which he
intends to resume in the spring of next year. Mention may also be made
of Professor Gardner'smemoir on ' Sepulchral Monuments,'in connexion
with a relief found at Tarentum; Mr. Cecil Smith's paper on 'Four
Archaic Vases from Rhodes,' with accompanying illustrations; and
Professor Colvin's account of the Attic monument, which he was so
fortunate as to find in the hands of M. des Tombes at the Hague. This
monument, which is an undoubted example of Athenian sepulchral art
of the best period, is published for the first time on plate xxxix.
As the Society is directly represented on the Committee appointed for
the establishment of a British School of Archaeology at Athens, it is not
out of place to state here what has been done since last year in furtherance
of that object. A sum exceeding ?4,000 having been raised by subscription, it was decided by the Committee and Subscribers to begin
building a house upon the site granted by the Greek Government. This
work is now in hand, and may be expected to be ready about a year
hence. Meanwhile, every effort is being made to provide adequate endowment for the Director and for the working expenses of the School.
The University of Oxford has already granted an annual sum of ?Ioo
for three years, and in answer to an appeal made to this Society the
Council has decided to make a like grant, provided that an income of at
least ?3oo a year is assured to the School from other sources. The
successful fulfilment of this scheme is a matter with which members will
feel that the Society is closely concerned.
The reproduction in facsimile of the Laurentian Codex of Sophocles
has now been most successfully accomplished, and the copies have just
been issued to subscribers. Special mention should be made of the
valuable Introductioncontributedto the work by Mr. E. MaundeThompson
and Professor R. C. Jebb. The success of this undertaking and the
support it has received are very encouraging.
In January last an appeal was made to the Society on the part of the
Egypt Exploration Fund for a grant in aid of the explorations being conducted by Mr. Flinders Petrie on the supposed site of Naucratis. The
Council met the appeal at once by a grant of ?50, and it is satisfactory to
record that many interesting discoveries have since been made which
confirm the identification of the site and establish the importance of
Naucratis as an emporium and centre of Hellenic trade from very early
times. An account of these discoveries by Mr. Flinders Petrie himself
will appear in the forthcoming number of the Journal.
The financial position of the Society is fully set forth on the accompanying Balance Sheet. From this it appears that the receipts of the
year, including the subscriptions of members and of Libraries, and the
sale of back numbers of the 7ournal, amount to ?802 8s. Id. The expenditure which covers the cost of the whole of vol. v. of the Journal, and
the greater part of the cost of vol. iv. part 2, and which includes the
Naucratis grant, and an advance of ?95 7s. 9d. towards photographing
the Sophocles MS., amounts to ?824 7s. 2d., leaving a balance at the
bank of ?879 2s. I Id. In this balance are included life subscriptions to
the amount of ?220 lOS.,which have been invested since June I, the total
sum now invested in Consols being ?714. The advance for photographing
the Sophocles MS.. however, will now be repaid; and there are, moreover,
arrears of subscriptions amounting to about ?140.
Since the last annualmeeting forty-fivenew members have been elected
and fifteen Libraries have been added to the list of subscribers. Against

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xlvii
this very satisfactory increase must be set the loss of eighteen members
by death or resignation, so that the net increase of members and
subscribers is forty-two; the present total of members being 595 and of
subscribers sixty-four.
This Report shows the Society to be in a thoroughly healthy condition,
steadily increasing in numbers,and efficientlydoing, according to its means,
the work it was created to do. It remains for the Council to urge all
members to do their utmost to maintain this vigorous condition of the
body corporate by recommending the claims of the Society to the support
of their friends, and so keeping up a steady supply of fresh candidates
for admission. Already the Society may congratulate itself upon having
achieved remarkable results in the six years of its existence, especially
in stimulating interest in classical archaeology throughout the country.
But the more support it can obtain, the largerthe funds at its disposal, the
more valuable will be the work it can do in the promotion of Hellenic
studies.

The adoption of the Report was moved by PROFESSOR

BALDWIN BROWN, seconded

by

MR.

R. S. POOLE, and

carried unanimously.
The CHAIRMAN,in the course of the usual address, referred to the excavation at Naucratis as having yielded
results of great value. The find of fragments of pottery of
the sixth century B.C., had been exceptionally rich. The
objects brought by Mr. Bent from Carpathos were of great
interest, especially one rude figure, which might be regarded
as the earliest specimen of an idol of any size from the
Greek islands. It appeared that the principal object of
worship in those early times had been Aphrodite, or some
Possibly these were the idols of the
analogous deity.
primitive Carian race. Referring to Mr. Wood's work at
Ephesus, Mr. Newton said he wished that more active interest
were taken in it, so as to ensure the raising of sufficient funds
to carry it to a conclusion.
The following motion was put from the chair on the part
of the Council, and confirmed by the meeting,' That Rule 25
be amended by raising the life subscription from Iol. Ios. to
151. 15s.'

A ballot being taken for the election of officers,the former

President and Vice-Presidents were re-elected, and Mr. C.
Elton, Professor W. M. Ramsay, and Mr. J. T. Bent were
chosen to fill vacancies on the Council.

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xlviii
MR. R. S. POOLEmade a short statement of the results of
the work done at Naucratis, and expressed the hope that
when they were published means might be found of placing
them at the disposal of members of the Hellenic Society as
well as of subscribers to the fund. The CHAIRMANregretted
that Mr. F. Petrie, who had conducted this exploration, could
not be present to speak for himself. The personal privations
and discomfort involved in such work made it all the more
worthy of commendation. After further testimony to Mr.
Petrie's untiring zeal and remarkable powers of observation
had been borne by Mr. C. Whitehouse,
MR. THEODOREBENT gave an account of his recent visit
to the island of Carpathos. He said that the inhabitants
were a wild race of shepherds, whose customs and folk-lore
offered many interesting parallels to those of classical times.
The dialect, too, of which he gave many examples, was well
worthy of study, and a complete glossary of the words in
common use would be invaluable, as they differed considerably
from those used elsewhere in Greece, and presented many
analogies to ancient usage. In conclusion, Mr. Bent described some of the rock-cut tombs which he had opened in
the islands, and from one of the most ancient of which had
come the rude figure mentioned by the Chairman. Some of
these tombs consisted of several chambers chiselled out in
the rock, either separate or communicating with each other.
Others were natural holes in the cliff in almost inaccessible
places overhanging the sea. In the latter class of tombs the
pottery found was of the best period. On the whole, Mr.
Bent considered that as a field for the study of modern Greek
manners and customs Carpathos was almost unique, while
some points in the ceremonies connected with worship,
marriages, births, deaths, &c., must have formed part of the
routine of daily life for two thousand years.
The CHAIRMANbore testimony to the value of Mr. Bent's
researches, and Mr. C. D. COBHAM,Commissioner at Larnaca,
mentioned some parallels in the dialect of Cyprus to the
Carpathiote usage described by Mr. Bent.

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xlix
A vote of thanks to the Auditors, moved by PROFESSOR
JEBB, and seconded by MR. TALFOURDELY, was carried
unanimously.
A similar vote to the Chairman, proposed by MR.ELTON,
and seconded by MR. EDWARD BOND, C.B., terminated the

proceedings.
[See Balance Sheet on the next page.]

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BALANCE

FOR THE

SHEET

YEAR ENDING

"THE JOURNAL OF HELLENIC STUDIES"

1884.

June 6. To Dickinson & Co., PaperAccount

July

8.

12.

Oct.

6.
7.

30.
Dec. 30.
31.
1885Feb. 27.
Mar.

6.
, 6.

. . .
,, Clay & Sons, Printing Vol. iv. Part 2 .
,, Packing and Carriage of do. to Members

,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,

191

Autotype Company, Account ..

......
Lord, f>r Negative .
I...........
Dujardin, for Plates
for
.
Steinbock,
Plates .
Dickinson & Co., Paper Account . ..........
. . .
Dujardin, for Plates ..........
.
Autotype Company, Account .
.....

,, Clay& Sons, Printing Vol. v. Parts I & 2 .

. .
,, Packing and Carnage to Members.

5
I
13
1i
i5
13
26

259
--

25

ACCO

1884.

Jan. 17. By Sales of Journa

,. Balance to Cash

69 27 2
21 9 Io
--

s. d.
8 to 6

2 6
3 2

12

I2

4
5
8
3
4

o0
9
9
8
6

5 8
6
37
1 I5 8
2 0o 6

284

,, Typographic Etching Company, Account .

Sundry Packing and Carriage to Members
,, Horsburgh, for Negative . . . . . . . .

?632 17 1?1632

CASH STATEMENT.
T884.
May 30.
2885.
May 31.

1885.
May 31.

To Balance, as per last Statement

,, Dividends on Consols ..........
,,
,,
,,
,,

.
.

s. d.

901 2 0
14 8

.......

Members' Subscriptions . . . . . . . . .
Life Subscriptions
.
..........
Library Subscriptions ..
........38
Arrears, and Back Vols., previous to May,
2884Members ...............
Libraries ...............

To Balance, at Bankers' ................

s. d.

539 3 o
II5 1o o
17 0
6o 8 o
33 12 o
788 0

?1,703 10

*879

2 17

1884.
6. By Petty Cash* ..
June
July
2g.
,, Stationery, Pos
6. ,, Binding Accoun
Oct.
,, Insurance on S
,,
9. ,, Brogi, on Acco
payable by L
13. ,, Postage, &c. (P
,,
of Rooms
Rent
,,
,,
,, Petty Cash* ..
27.
t885.
Jan. 23. ,, Grant to Egypt
27. ,, Stationery, Pos
Feb. 27. ,, Sundries. Print
,, Rent of Rooms
May 29.
,,
30. ,, Commission, p
,, Balance of Jou
,, Balance, at Ba
Less
,,
,,

* Includes ?20
paid to
January, 1884, to April, 188

We have examined this account, and compared it with the vouchers, and find it correct.
A. MACMILLAN,
Hon. Sec.

GEORGE

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JOHN

ii

THE CAMBRIDGEBRANCH
OF

THE SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION

HELLENIC STUDIES.
SESSION

of 1884.*

Thursday, May 8,
The Terminal Meeting
Library at 4.15 P.M.

OF

884.

was held in the Archaeological

MR. VERRALL read a paper' On the use of the ,ccK&ov

on
Armour and Trappings.' He pointed out that it is almost
always attributed to barbarian warriors, or to such Greeks
as approach barbarians in their insolence.
MR. F. C. CHAMBERScalled attention to a bronze head in
the Naples Museum, which showed a remarkable similarity
of type to the Hermes of Praxiteles; the differences were
such as would naturally proceed from the contrast of marble
and bronze technique.
DR. WALDSTEIN pointed out that a female head in Madrid
was of the style of the Attic school of the fifth century, and
*

Accidentally omitted from the previous volume of the Journal.

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lii
at the same time showed great resemblance in profile to the
Hesperid nymph of the Olympian metope.
He also remarked that the upper part of a statue which has
found its way from Delos to the Louvre, and is commonly
called the river god Inapos, is really a portrait of Alexander
the Great. It shows a more direct similarity to his known
portraits than other'Alexandroid' heads of post-Lysippean
art.
Each communication was followed by a discussion.

November 24, 1884.

The Annual Meeting was held in the Archaeological

Library on Monday, November 24, at 4 P.M. The Public
Orator (MR. J. E. SANDYS) in the Chair.
The MASTER OF TRINITY COLLEGE was re-elected ChairPROFESSOR SIDNEY COLVIN, Vice-Chairman,
and
MR. OSCAR BROWNING,Secretary. Messrs. J. E. SANDYS,
A. W. VERRALL, and DR. WALDSTEIN were re-elected, and
MR. A. H. SMITH, B.A., elected, members of the Committee.
man,

MR. A. H. SMITH read a paper upon' Sicilian Sculpture.'

The paper, which was illustrated with photographs of the
chief remains of sculpture in Sicily, endeavoured to analyse
the characteristics of these sculptures regarded as the works
of an independent local school. The sculptors of the school
were supposed to be chiefly influenced (I) by the sculpture in
such Phoenician settlements as Motya and Panormus, (2) by
the nature of the materials of which they could avail themselves (as tufa), (3) by the social conditions of Sicily. The
paper concluded with an account of various Greco-Roman
and other late works, at present in the museums of Sicily.

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liii
The Terminal Meeting was held in the Archaeological
Library on Wednesday, April 29th, 1885, at 4.30 P.M. In
the absence of the Vice-Chairman the Secretary in the
Chair.
DR. WALDSTEIN read remarks by PROFESSOR COLVIN on

a marble statuette, 'The Apollo of Miletus.' The present

mutilated and restored marble statuette possesses a twofold
interest, on account, first, of its subject and style, and next, of
the hand to whom its restoration is due, with the addition,
for Cambridge students, of the further interest which attaches
to it as having formerly belonged to our benefactor, Mr.
Disney. It was sold last summer in London, with other
effects from the house of Mr. Disney in Essex. It bears on
the plinth a label in his handwriting, with the words,' The
Apollo of Miletus restored by Flaxman.'
The statuette is in Greek marble, and wants the head, both
legs from a little below the knee, and a portion of both arms.
The missing parts have been restored by a modern hand in
Italian marble, in a style which entirely confirms Mr. Disney's
record ascribing the work to Flaxman. The remainder is of
good antique workmanship, the torso and preserved parts of
the arms being especially careful and spirited in treatment.
The prototype which the artist had in his mind, as shown by
the general scheme and attitude, as well as by the handling
of certain details, was some work of the earlier half of the
fifth century, B.C., the date of the statuette itself being
obviously very considerably later. Flaxman saw in it a copy
of the celebrated Apollo of Miletus by Kanachos, and has
restored it in the main accordingly, without, however,
attempting to introduce the deer which that statue held in
the right hand. The remaining antique portions of the
statuette are in fact not sufficient to enable it to be referred
with certainty to any known original. But enough is left to
make it clear that the original must have
belonged to the
same general family of early Greek statues of male divinities
(or athletes?) of which so many examples have been
preserved. And among extant works our statuette has in

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liv
pose and general conception no nearer parallels than the
small bronze figure in the British Museum, undoubtedly
derived from the Apollo of Miletus,1 and another larger and
more important bronze of genuine archaic workmanship in the
Louvre.2
I Overbeck,
fig. 14.

Overbeck, fig. 39.

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