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S-Parameters: By: Namrata V. L

This document discusses S-parameters and scattering matrices used to characterize microwave components. It begins by introducing power dividers and directional couplers as passive microwave components used for power division or combining. It then explains that S-parameters describe the power relationship between ports of microwave junctions using a scattering or S-matrix. Properties of S-matrices for reciprocal and lossless networks are described. Examples of E-plane and H-plane tee junctions are provided, including their S-matrix representations and derivations.

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Pankaj Dhiman
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125 views28 pages

S-Parameters: By: Namrata V. L

This document discusses S-parameters and scattering matrices used to characterize microwave components. It begins by introducing power dividers and directional couplers as passive microwave components used for power division or combining. It then explains that S-parameters describe the power relationship between ports of microwave junctions using a scattering or S-matrix. Properties of S-matrices for reciprocal and lossless networks are described. Examples of E-plane and H-plane tee junctions are provided, including their S-matrix representations and derivations.

Uploaded by

Pankaj Dhiman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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S-PARAMETERS

By:
Namrata V. L.
Assistant Professor
Government Engineering College, Rajkot

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

INTRODUCTION

Power dividers and directional couplers


are passive microwave components used
for power division or power combining,
as illustrated in Figure.

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

INTRODUCTION
The coupler or divider may have three ports, four ports,
or more, and may be (ideally) lossless.
Three-port networks take the form of T-junctions and
other power dividers.
While four-port networks take the form of directional
couplers and hybrids.
A microwave junction is an interconnection of two or
more microwave components as shown in figure.

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

SCATTERING MATRIX
The low frequency circuits can be
represented in two port networks and
characterized by their parameters i.e.
impedances, admittances, voltage gain,
current gain, etc. All these parameters relate
total voltages and currents at the two ports.
But as operational frequency increases, it is
very hard to find correct voltage and current
at any point, due to rapid fluctuation of
voltage and current.

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

SCATTERING MATRIX

So at microwave frequency the logical variables used,


are travelling waves with associated powers, rather than
total voltages and total currents. These logical variables
are called as S- parameters.

So in microwave analysis, the power relationship


between the various ports of microwave junction is
defined in terms of parameters, called as S-parameters
or scattering parameters.

As the microwave junction is a multiport junction, the


power relationship between the various ports are defined
in terms of matrix form, and called as S-matrix, which
a square matrix giving all the power combinations
between the input port and output ports.
PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

SCATTERING MATRIX
an is the amplitude of voltage wave incident on
port n
bn is the amplitude of the reflected voltage wave
from port n.

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

SCATTERING MATRIX

The scattering matrix or [S] matrix is


defined in relation to these incident and
reflected voltage waves as

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

SCATTERING MATRIX

The specific element of S-matrix is

i.e. scattering coefficient due to input at ith


port and output taken from jth port.

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

SCATTERING MATRIX

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

SCATTERING MATRIX

Properties of S-matrix for Reciprocal and


Lossless Network
For reciprocal network The impedance and
admittance matrices are symmetric.
For lossless network The impedance and
admittance matrices are imaginary.
Scattering matrix for a reciprocal network is
symmetric and unitary for lossless network.

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

SCATTERING MATRIX

Properties of S-matrix for Reciprocal and


Lossless Network
For reciprocal network [S] matrix is defined as
Sij= Sji.
Also it can be written as [S]=[S]t.
For lossless network [S]t[S*]=[I]
For unitary network [S*]={[S]t}-1.

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

SCATTERING MATRIX

Example

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

SCATTERING MATRIX

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

WAVEGUIDE TEES

WAVEGUIDE TEES
E-Plane Tees.

H-Plane Tees

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

E-PLANE TEE
1.

[S] Matrix of order 3 x 3.

2.

The scattering coefficients are

3.

If port 3 is perfectly matched to the junction

4.

For symmetric property


PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

E-PLANE TEE

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

E-PLANE TEE
From equation 1 and 2, ..(5)
From equation 3, ...(6)
From equation 4,

Using the values of 6 and 7 in equation 1, we get

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

E-PLANE TEE

Thus resultant S-parameter will be,

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

E-plane Tee

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

E-PLANE TEE

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

H-PLANE TEE
1.

[S] Matrix of order 3 x 3.

2.

The scattering coefficients are

3.

If port 3 is perfectly matched to the junction

4.

For symmetric property


PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

H-PLANE TEE

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

H-PLANE TEE

From equation 1 and 2, ..(5)


From equation 3, ...(6)
From equation 4,

Using the values of 6 and 7 in equation 1, we get

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

H-PLANE TEE

Thus resultant S-parameter will be,

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

H-plane Tee

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

H-PLANE TEE

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

H-PLANE TEE

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

Thank you

PROF. N.V.LANGHNOJA

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