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Synchronization of Alternator With Bus Bar

This document describes the process of synchronizing a three-phase alternator to an AC busbar. The key steps are: (1) adjusting the alternator's voltage and frequency to match the busbar values using the excitation system and motor speed control; (2) checking that the phase sequences match; and (3) closing the synchronizing switch when the synchroscope indicates the voltages are in phase. Experimental readings are then taken to study the effects on the alternator of changing the excitation level and motor input while connected to the busbar.

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Haritha Rk
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4K views5 pages

Synchronization of Alternator With Bus Bar

This document describes the process of synchronizing a three-phase alternator to an AC busbar. The key steps are: (1) adjusting the alternator's voltage and frequency to match the busbar values using the excitation system and motor speed control; (2) checking that the phase sequences match; and (3) closing the synchronizing switch when the synchroscope indicates the voltages are in phase. Experimental readings are then taken to study the effects on the alternator of changing the excitation level and motor input while connected to the busbar.

Uploaded by

Haritha Rk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Synchronization of Three Phase Alternator on Busbar

Expt. No.
Date:
OBJECTIVE
1. To synchronize the three phase alternator to the three phase ac bus bar.
2. To study the effect of changing the mechanical input and excitation on alternator.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
S.NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

NAME

TYPE

RANGE

QUANTITY

Ammeter
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Rheostat
Tachometer
Synchroscope
Wattmeter
Power Factor meter

THEORY
A large generating station normally consists of several ac generators to supply the total load on
the station. During light load on the station, only a few generators are operated to supply the demand.
When the load on the station increases heavily, other ac generators are also to be operated to run in
parallel with the existing generator, in order to cope up with the increased load on the generating station.
Synchronizing of ac generators is the process of switching on an incoming alternator to the bus
bar, so that it can operate in parallel with other alternators already connected to the bus bar to share the
load on the generating station. Before an incoming alternator, can be synchronized to the bus bars, the
following conditions must be satisfied.
1. The voltage generated by the incoming alternator is equal to the bus bar voltage.
2. The phase sequence of the generated voltage of incoming alternator is the same as that of bus bar
voltage.
3. The frequency of the two system bus to be equal.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - SYNCHRONOZIATION


SYNC

DC SHUNT MOTOR
(+)

FUSE

Hz

SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

V
D
220 V

D.C.

SUPPLY

F1
0
N

INCOMING M
S

OFF

A2

BR

F2

F2

RY

R BYY

F1
N

FUSE

V
M

(-)

Fig - 1
NAME PLATE DETAILS

600
500
400

200

A1

50 55

(+)

FUSE

D
P
S
T
S

220 V
D.C.
SUPPLY

FUSE

(-)

FUSE RATING CALCULATION

PRECAUTIONS
Before starting and after completion
1.

The DPSTS or dc mains should be in off position.

2.

The motor field rheostat should be in minimum resistance position and armature field rheostat
should be in maximum resistance position.

3.

The field rheostat of the alternator should be in minimum potential position.

4.

The TPST switch in the synchronizing panel should be in off position.

PROCEDURE
1. Connections are made as shown in circuit diagram.
2. Precautions are observed and switch on the dc mains. Now the motor will start to run with speed less
than synchronous speed.
3. Set the speed of the motor and hence the alternator at its rated value (synchronous speed) as per the
line frequency.
4. The terminal voltage of the alternator is adjusted to rated value by adjusting the excitation i.e. by
varying the potential divider of alternator rheostat.
5. The voltage and frequency are checked with the meters.
6. Observe the phase sequence and make sure it is proper. Otherwise make suitable corrections.
7. Switch on toggle switches in synchronizing panel.
8. Adjust the speed and voltage of alternator till they are equal to their bus voltage. The synchroscope
will rotate at a speed proportional to difference between the two frequencies.
9. When the synchroscope pointer is at null position close the TPST switch.
10. Keep the DC motor input current constant value and vary the alternator excitation and for various
excitation note down the armature current.
11. Similarly keep the alternator field constant and vary the DC motor input current and tabulate the V, I
for various motor input currents.
12. After taking all the readings readjust the setting of their initial positions and then switch-off the
machine.

TABULAR COLUMN
Synchronization of 3-f alternator with infinite bus-bar Effect of change in excitation with constant m
S.No.

VL
( Volts )

VDC
( Volts )

IF
( Amps )

IL
( Amps )

PF

P
( Watts )

Synchronization of 3-f alternator with infinite bus-bar Effect of change in mechanical input with con
S.No.

VL
( Volts )

VDC
( Volts )

IF
( Amps )

IL
( Amps )

PF

P
( Watts )

INFERENCE

RESULT

VIVA QUESTIONS

1. What will happen, if the synchronization switch is closed at wrong instant?


2. Write down the equation for synchronizing power of a three-phase synchronous generator?
3. Why is it essential to operate alternators in parallel?
4. What is the most commonly used method for checking the frequency equality and same phase
sequence is one dark and two bright lamp method?
5. How is synchroscope used for synchronizing alternators?
6. What is the condition of the incoming alternator, when it has been synchronized with the bus-bar?

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