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    Immersed Boundary Training Slides OFW7

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    Andrea
    The document describes the implementation and use of the immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM to simulate flows around complex immersed boundaries. It outlines the discrete forcing approach used where boundary conditions are directly imposed through modification of the discretized equations near the immersed boundary. Tutorial examples are provided to demonstrate the method, including laminar flow around a cylinder driven by motion in a cavity.

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    Immersed Boundary Training Slides OFW7

    Uploaded by

    Andrea
    446 views29 pages
    The document describes the implementation and use of the immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM to simulate flows around complex immersed boundaries. It outlines the discrete forcing approach used where boundary conditions are directly imposed through modification of the discretized equations near the immersed boundary. Tutorial examples are provided to demonstrate the method, including laminar flow around a cylinder driven by motion in a cavity.

    Original Description:

    Immersed Boundary Method TrainingSlides from OpenFOAM 7th Workshop

    Original Title

    ImmersedBoundaryTrainingSlidesOFW7

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    The document describes the implementation and use of the immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM to simulate flows around complex immersed boundaries. It outlines the discrete forcing approach used where boundary conditions are directly imposed through modification of the discretized equations near the immersed boundary. Tutorial examples are provided to demonstrate the method, including laminar flow around a cylinder driven by motion in a cavity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    446 views29 pages

    Immersed Boundary Training Slides OFW7

    Uploaded by

    Andrea
    The document describes the implementation and use of the immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM to simulate flows around complex immersed boundaries. It outlines the discrete forcing approach used where boundary conditions are directly imposed through modification of the discretized equations near the immersed boundary. Tutorial examples are provided to demonstrate the method, including laminar flow around a cylinder driven by motion in a cavity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 29
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that immersed boundary methods allow for simplified grid generation for complex geometries while including body motion, but imposition of boundary conditions is not straightforward and resolution control in boundary layers can be difficult.

    Some advantages are simplified grid generation and inclusion of body motion, while disadvantages include non-straightforward boundary condition imposition and limited accuracy in boundary layers.

    Approaches for imposing boundary conditions include continuous forcing, discrete forcing with indirect imposition, and discrete forcing with direct imposition at the boundary.

    Immersed boundary method in

    OpenFOAM

    Hrvoje Jasak
    Zeljko
    Tukovic,
    [email protected]

    Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture


    University of Zagreb, Croatia

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 1

    Outline
    Objective
    Show current state of Immersed Boundary Method
    implementation in OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
    Demonstrate application of the immersed boundary method with few tutorial cases
    Topics
    Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) in general
    Selected IBM approach
    Imposition of Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions
    Treatment of pressure equation
    Implementation details
    Tutorial cases

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 2

    Immersed Boundary Methods (IBM)


    Simulation of the flow around immersed boundary is carried out on a grid (usually
    Cartesian) which does not conform to the boundary shape
    Immersed boundary (IB) is represented by surface grid
    Imposition of boundary conditions at IB requires modification of governing
    equations

    Fluid
    IB
    Solid

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 3

    IBM: pros and cons


    Advantages:
    Substantially simplified grid generation for complex geometry
    Including of body motion is relatively simple due to the use of stationary,
    nondeforming grid
    Disadvantages:
    Imposition of boundary conditions at IB is not straightforward
    Problem with grid resolution control in boundary layer
    Limited to low and moderate Reynolds number flows

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 4

    IBM: Different approaches for BC imposition


    The procedure for imposition of boundary conditions at the IB
    is what distinguishes one IB method from another:
    Continuous forcing approach
    Effect of IB is imposed by the source (force) terms in governing equations.
    Continuous forcing function is spread over the band of cells near IB.
    Independent of the spatial discretisation procedure
    Accuracy and stability problems.
    Requires solution of governing equations inside IB
    Discrete forcing approach
    Indirect BC imposition
    Forcing term is introduced into discretised equation
    Forcing function still spread over the band of cells
    Direct BC imposition
    Modification of discretised equations near the IB
    to directly impose BC on IB.
    Sharpness of IB is preserved
    Best accuracy and highest Reynolds number flows

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 5

    OpenFOAM IBM: selected approach


    Discrete forcing approach with direct imposition of boundary conditions
    Basic principle: Value of dependent variable in the IB cell centres is calculated by
    interpolation using neighbouring cells values and boundary condition at the
    corresponding IB point

    Fluid cells
    Solid cells
    IB cells
    n

    IB points

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 6

    BC imposition using quadratic interpolation


    Dirichlet IB condition
    P = ib + C0 (xP xib ) + C1 (yP yib )
    + C2 (xP xib )(yP yib ) + C3 (xP xib )2 + C4 (yP yib )2

    (1)

    Unknown coefficients of quadratic polynomial determined using weighted least square


    method on extended stencil.

    11
    00
    00011
    111
    0011
    00
    000
    111
    00
    11
    00
    11
    00011
    111
    0011
    00
    00
    11
    000
    111
    00
    11
    000
    111
    111
    000
    00
    11
    000
    111
    00
    11

    Fluid cells
    Solid cells
    IB cells
    IB points

    ib

    Extended stencil

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 7

    BC imposition using quadratic interpolation


    Neumann IB condition
    Interpolation is performed in local coordinate system x y where x -axis coincides with
    the normal to the immersed boundary at the point ib:

    2
    P = C0 + [nib ()ib ] xP + C1 yP
    + C2 xP yP
    + C3 (xP )2 + C4 (yP
    )

    nib

    (2)

    Fluid cells
    Solid cells
    IB cells
    IB points

    ib

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 8

    Least squares weighting factors


    Two options are considered:
    inverse quadratic distance weight function
    wi =

    1
    ri2

    (3)

    cosine weight function


    
    
    
    ri
    1
    1 + cos
    wi =
    2
    Srmax

    (4)

    Fluid cells
    Solid cells

    i
    ri

    rmax

    IB cells
    IB points

    ib

    111
    000
    000
    111

    Extended stencil

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 9

    Pressure equation and its BC at IB


    Pressure Eq. for a fluid cell P next to IB cells
    
    
    X
    X
    X 1 
    HP
    nf (p)f Sf =
    nf
    Sf +
    nfib vfib Sfib
    a
    a
    P f
    P
    f
    f
    f
    f

    (5)

    ib

    Fluid cells
    P

    fib

    IB cells
    Nib

    IB faces

    vfib = 21 (vP + vNib )

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 10

    Pressure equation and its BC at IB


    Boundary condition for pressure is not needed for solution of pressure equation
    since velocity at IB faces is treated as specified.
    Pressure at IB faces (pfib ) is needed for solution of momentum equation for fluid
    cells next to IB cells.
    Pressure for IB faces and IB cells is calculated after solution of pressure equation
    by applying procedure for Neumann boundary condition imposition using quadratic
    interpolation.
    Interpolated velocity at IB faces (vfib ) must be scaled in such a way to impose
    zero net mass flux through the closed cage of IB faces around immersed boundary.

    Fluid cells
    P

    fib

    IB cells
    Nib

    IB faces

    vfib =

    1
    (vP
    2

    + vNib )

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 11

    Implementation details
    Immersed boundary implementation is based on three classes:
    class immersedBoundaryPolyPatch
    class immersedBoundaryFvPatch
    class immersedBoundaryFvPatchField

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 12

    Implementation details
    class immersedBoundaryPolyPatch
    :
    public polyPatch
    {
    ...
    // Member Functions
    // Access
    //- Return immersed boundary surface mesh
    const triSurfaceMesh& ibMesh() const
    {
    return ibMesh_;
    }
    //- Return true if solving for flow inside the IB
    bool internalFlow() const
    {
    return internalFlow_;
    }
    //- Return triSurface search object
    const triSurfaceSearch& triSurfSearch() const;
    };

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 13

    Implementation details
    Including immersedBoundaryPolyPatch into boundary mesh of a polyMesh by
    modifying constant/polyMesh/boundary dictionary
    6
    (
    ibCylinder // constant/triSurface/ibCylinder.ftr
    {
    type
    immersedBoundary;
    nFaces
    0;
    startFace
    3650;
    internalFlow

    no;

    type
    nFaces
    startFace

    patch;
    25;
    3650;

    }
    in
    {

    }
    ...
    )

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 14

    Implementation details
    class immersedBoundaryFvPatch
    :
    public fvPatch
    {
    // Private data
    //- Reference to processor patch
    const immersedBoundaryPolyPatch& ibPolyPatch_;
    //- Finite volume mesh reference
    const fvMesh& mesh_;
    // Member Functions
    // Immersed boundary data access
    //- Get fluid cells indicator, marking only live fluid cells
    const volScalarField& gamma() const;

    //- Return list of fluid cells next to immersed boundary (IB cel
    const labelList& ibCells() const;
    //- Return list of faces for which one neighbour is an IB cell
    // and another neighbour is a live fluid cell (IB faces)
    const labelList& ibFaces() const;
    };
    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 15

    Implementation details
    class immersedBoundaryFvPatch
    :
    public fvPatch
    {
    ...
    //- Return IB points
    const vectorField& ibPoints() const;
    //- Return IB cell extended stencil
    const labelListList& ibCellCells() const;
    //- Return dead cells
    const labelList& deadCells() const;
    //- Return live cells
    const labelList& liveCells() const;
    //- Get inverse Dirichlet interpolation matrix
    const PtrList<scalarRectangularMatrix>&
    invDirichletMatrices() const;
    //- Get inverse Neumann interpolation matrix
    const PtrList<scalarRectangularMatrix>&
    invNeumannMatrices() const;
    };
    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 16

    Implementation details
    template<class Type>
    class immersedBoundaryFvPatchField
    :
    public fvPatchField<Type>
    {
    // Private data
    //- Local reference cast into the processor patch
    const immersedBoundaryFvPatch& ibPatch_;
    //- Local reference to fvMesh
    const fvMesh& mesh_;
    //- Defining value field
    Field<Type> refValue_;
    //- Defining normal gradient field
    Field<Type> refGrad_;
    //- Does the boundary condition fix the value
    Switch fixesValue_;
    ...
    };

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 17

    Implementation details
    template<class Type>
    class immersedBoundaryFvPatchField
    :
    public fvPatchField<Type>
    {
    ...
    // Private Member Functions

    //- Impose Dirichlet BC at IB cells and return corrected cells value


    // Calculate value and gradient on IB intersection points
    tmp<Field<Type> > imposeDirichletCondition() const;
    //- Impose Neumann BC at IB cells and return corrected cells values
    // Calculate value and gradient on IB intersection points
    tmp<Field<Type> > imposeNeumannCondition() const;
    ...
    };

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 18

    Implementation details
    template<class Type>
    class immersedBoundaryFvPatchField
    :
    public fvPatchField<Type>
    {
    ...
    // Evaluation functions
    //- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
    void updateCoeffs();
    //- Evaluate the patch field
    virtual void evaluate
    (
    const Pstream::commsTypes commsType = Pstream::blocking
    );
    //- Manipulate matrix
    virtual void manipulateMatrix(fvMatrix<Type>& matrix);
    ...
    };

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 19

    Implementation details
    Including immersedBoundaryFvPatchField into boundary of a volVectorField
    boundaryField
    {
    ibCylinder
    {
    type immersedBoundary;
    refValue uniform (0 0 0);
    refGradient uniform (0 0 0);
    fixesValue yes;
    setDeadCellValue
    deadCellValue

    yes;
    (0 0 0);

    value uniform (0 0 0);


    }
    movingWall
    {
    type parabolicVelocity;
    maxValue 0.375;
    n (1 0 0);
    y (1 0 0);
    value uniform (0.375 0 0);
    }
    ...
    }
    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 20

    Implementation details
    Example of solver source code - icoIbFoam
    while (runTime.loop())
    {
    Info<< "Time = " << runTime.timeName() << nl << endl;
    ...
    // Pressure-velocity corrector
    int oCorr = 0;
    do
    {
    fvVectorMatrix UEqn
    (
    fvm::ddt(U)
    + fvm::div(phi, U)
    - fvm::laplacian(nu, U)
    );
    UEqn.boundaryManipulate(U.boundaryField());
    solve(UEqn == -cellIbMask*fvc::grad(p));
    ...
    }
    ...
    }
    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 21

    Tutorial: Flow around cylinder in cavity


    Tutorial case: cavity
    Laminar flow around cylinder driven by
    motion of cavity top wall
    Case setup data:
    Cavity dimension: 1 1 m
    Moving wall velocity: 0.375 m/s
    Cylinder diameter: 0.5 m
    Reynolds number: 37.5

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 22

    Tutorial: Flow around cylinder in cavity


    Basic case setup steps:
    Define volume mesh in constant/polyMesh/blockMeshDict dictionary
    Create polyMesh using blockMesh
    Copy immersed boundary mesh (ibCylinder.{ftr,stl}) into
    constat/triSurface folder
    Include immersedBoundaryPolyPatch into polyMesh boundary
    Include immersedBoundaryFvPatchField into boundary field of pressure and
    velocity fields
    Set discretization schemes in ./system/faSchemes dictionary
    Set solution controls in ./system/faSolution dictionary
    Set time step size ./system/controlDict
    Run the case using icoIbFoam
    Postprocess the case using paraFoam

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 23

    Tutorial: Flow around cylinder in open space


    Tutorial case: flowOverCylinder
    Laminar flow around circular cylinder in
    open space
    Case setup data:
    Open space dimensions:
    90 90 m
    Inlet velocity: 1 m/s
    Cylinder diameter: 1 m
    Reynolds number: 100

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 24

    Tutorial: Flow around cylinder in open space


    Basic case setup steps:
    Define volume mesh in constant/polyMesh/blockMeshDict dictionary
    Create polyMesh using blockMesh
    Copy immersed boundary mesh (ibCylinder.{ftr,stl}) into
    constat/triSurface folder
    Include immersedBoundaryPolyPatch into polyMesh boundary
    Include immersedBoundaryFvPatchField into boundary field for pressure and
    velocity fields
    Refine volume mesh using refineCylinderMesh application which must be
    compiled before
    Refine volume mesh using refineImmersedBoundaryMesh application
    Set discretization schemes in ./system/faSchemes dictionary
    Set solution controls in ./system/faSolution dictionary
    Set time step size ./system/controlDict
    Run the case using icoIbFoam
    Post-process the case using paraFoam

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 25

    Tutorial: Backward-facing step by Pitz and Daily


    Tutorial case: pitzDailyLaminar
    Laminar flow over a backward-facing step by Pitz and Daily
    Case setup data:
    Inlet velocity: 1 m/s
    Reynolds number: 2500

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 26

    Tutorial: Backward-facing step by Pitz and Daily


    Basic case setup steps:
    Define volume mesh in constant/polyMesh/blockMeshDict dictionary
    Create polyMesh using blockMesh
    Copy immersed boundary mesh (pitzDailyIB.{ftr,stl}) into
    constat/triSurface folder
    Include immersedBoundaryPolyPatch into polyMesh boundary
    Include immersedBoundaryFvPatchField into boundary field of pressure and
    velocity fields
    Set discretization schemes in ./system/faSchemes dictionary
    Set solution controls in ./system/faSolution dictionary
    Set time step size ./system/controlDict
    Run the case using icoIbFoam
    Post-process the case using paraFoam

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 27

    Tutorial: Dam break over bump


    Tutorial case: damBreakWithCylinder

    Dam break VOF interface capturing simulation with circular bump at the bottom
    boundary
    Case setup data:
    Domain dimension: 2 2 m
    Bump diameter: 0.5 m
    Water-air multi-phase system

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 28

    Tutorial: Dam break over bump


    Basic case setup steps:
    Define volume mesh in constant/polyMesh/blockMeshDict dictionary
    Create polyMesh using blockMesh
    Copy immersed boundary mesh (ibCylinder.{ftr,stl}) into
    constat/triSurface folder
    Include immersedBoundaryPolyPatch into polyMesh boundary
    Include immersedBoundaryFvPatchField into boundary field of pressure and
    velocity fields
    Set discretization schemes in ./system/faSchemes dictionary
    Set solution controls in ./system/faSolution dictionary
    Set time step size ./system/controlDict
    Run the case using interIbFoam
    Post-process the case using paraFoam

    Immersed boundary method in OpenFOAM p. 29

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