3GPP TS 23.012

3rd Generation Partnership Project;
Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals;

V11.2.0
(2012-12)
Location management
procedures
(Release
11)
Technical Specification
3GPP TS 23.012
The present document has been developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP TM) and may be further elaborated for the purposes of 3GPP.
The present document has not been subject to any approval process by the 3GPP Organisational Partners and shall not be implemented.
This Specification is provided for future development work within 3GPP only. The Organisational Partners accept no liability for any use of this
Specification.
Specifications and reports for implementation of the 3GPP TM system should be obtained via the 3GPP Organisational Partners' Publications Offices.
Release 11
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Keywords
GSM, UMTS, network, location, management
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Release 11
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Contents
Foreword...........................................................................................................................................................
1
1.1
1.2
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.5
2.6
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.6.1
3.6.1.1
3.6.1.2
3.6.1.3
3.6.1.4
3.6.1.5
3.7
3.7.1
3.7.2
3.7.3
3.8
3.8.1
3.8.1.1
3.8.1.2
3.8.1.3
3.8.1.4
Scope......................................................................................................................................................
References............................................................................................................................................................
Abbreviations.......................................................................................................................................................
Definitions..............................................................................................................................................
Location management.........................................................................................................................................
Location area and MSC area...............................................................................................................................
Location area identification.................................................................................................................................
IMSI detach/attach operation..............................................................................................................................
Explicit IMSI detach/attach...........................................................................................................................
Implicit IMSI detach......................................................................................................................................
Use of the term mobile station (MS) in the present document...........................................................................
Paging area..........................................................................................................................................................
General procedures in the network related to Location Management.......................................................

Procedures in the MSC related to Location Updating........................................................................................
Procedures in the VLR related to Location Updating.........................................................................................
Procedures in the HLR related to Location Updating.........................................................................................
Normal Location Updating and IMSI detach/attach operation..........................................................................
IMSI enquiry procedure......................................................................................................................................
Information transfer between Visitor and Home Location Registers.................................................................
Procedures for location management............................................................................................................
Location updating procedure...................................................................................................................
Downloading of subscriber parameters to the VLR.................................................................................
Location cancellation procedure............................................................................................................
Mobile subscriber purging procedure....................................................................................................
Support for subscription without MSISDN...........................................................................................
Overload Protection...........................................................................................................................................
Overview......................................................................................................................................................
Congestion Control during Mobility Management.....................................................................................
Extended periodic LAU Signalling...................................................................................................................
Information transfer between VLR and CSG Subscriber Server......................................................................
Procedures for location management..........................................................................................................
General...................................................................................................................................................
Updating VCSG Location procedure.....................................................................................................
Downloading of VPLMN CSG subscription data to the VLR...............................................................
VCSG Location cancellation procedure................................................................................................
Detailed Procedures in the network related to Location Management....................................................
4.1
Location Updating.............................................................................................................................................
4.1.1
Detailed procedure in the MSC...................................................................................................................
4.1.1.1
Process Update_Location_Area_MSC...................................................................................................
4.1.1.2
Procedure Authenticate_MSC................................................................................................................
4.1.2
Detailed procedure in the VLR....................................................................................................................
4.1.2.1
Process Update_Location_Area_VLR...................................................................................................
4.1.2.1a
Procedure Retrieve_IMEISV_If_Required............................................................................................
4.1.2.2
Procedure Authenticate_VLR................................................................................................................
4.1.2.3
Procedure Location_Update_Completion_VLR....................................................................................
4.1.2.4
Procedure Update_HLR_VLR...............................................................................................................
4.1.2.5
Procedure Insert_Subs_Data_VLR........................................................................................................
4.1.2.6
Procedure Activate_Tracing_VLR.........................................................................................................
4.1.2.7
Process Send_Identification_PVLR.......................................................................................................
4.1.2.8
Process Trace_Subscriber_Activity_VLR..............................................................................................
4.1.2.9
Procedure Perform Relaying..................................................................................................................
4.1.2.10
Procedure Update_VCSG_Location_VLR...........................................................................................
4.1.2.11
Procedure Insert_VCSG_Subs_Data_VLR...........................................................................................
4.1.3
Detailed procedure in the HLR....................................................................................................................
4.1.3.1
Process Update_Location_HLR.............................................................................................................
4.1.3.2
Procedure Insert_Subscriber_Data_HLR...............................................................................................
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4.1.3.3
4.1.3.4
4.1.4
4.1.4.1
4.1.4.2
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.1.1
4.2.2
4.2.2.1
4.2A
4.2A.1
4.2A.1.1
4.2A.2
4.2A.2.1
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.1.1
4.3.2
4.3.2.1
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.1.1
4.4.2
4.4.2.1
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Process Subscriber_Present_HLR..........................................................................................................
Procedure Control_Tracing_HLR..........................................................................................................
Detailed procedure in the CSS....................................................................................................................
Process Update_VCSG_Location_CSS.................................................................................................
Procedure Insert_VCSG_Subs_Data_CSS............................................................................................
Location Cancellation.......................................................................................................................................
Process Cancel_Location_VLR.............................................................................................................
Process Cancel_Location_HLR.............................................................................................................
VCSG Location Cancellation............................................................................................................................
Process Cancel_VCSG Location_VLR..................................................................................................
Detailed procedure in the CSS....................................................................................................................
Process Cancel_VCSG Location............................................................................................................
Detach IMSI......................................................................................................................................................
Detailed procedure in the MSC...................................................................................................................
Process Detach_IMSI_MSC..................................................................................................................
Process Detach_IMSI_VLR...................................................................................................................
Purge MS...........................................................................................................................................................
Procedure Purge_MS_VLR....................................................................................................................
Process Purge_MS_HLR........................................................................................................................
Annex A (informative):
Change history..............................................................................................
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by the 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The present document defines the location management procedures within the 3GPP system.
The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal
TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an
identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows:
Version x.y.z
where:
x the first digit:
1 presented to TSG for information;
2 presented to TSG for approval;
3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control.
y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections,
updates, etc.
z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document.
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Scope
The present document describes the location management procedures for the circuit switched domain, with respect to
the application level functional behaviour. This is to be distinguished from the corresponding protocol handling
behaviour, which is specified in 3GPP TS 29.002 [8]. The following location management procedures are included:
-
location updating;
location cancellation;
MS purging;
IMSI attach/detach.
The procedures in the Mobile Station (MS) are described in 3GPP TS 23.022 [6]. The procedures between MSC, VLR
and HLR utilise the Mobile Application Part (MAP) and details concerning the protocol handling are contained in
3GPP TS 29.002 [8].
The present document excludes location management procedures for the packet switched domain, which are covered
in 3GPP TS 23.060 [20].
The descriptions herein depict a logical separation between the MSC and VLR. This logical separation, as well as the
messages transferred between the two logical entities are the basis of a model used to define the externally visible
behaviour of the MSC/VLR, which a may be a single physical entity. They do not impose any requirement except the
definition of the externally visible behaviour.
1.1 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or
non-specific.
For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document
(including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in
the same Release as the present document.
[1]
3GPP TR 21.905: "3G Vocabulary".
[2]
3GPP TS 23.002: "Network architecture".
[3]
3GPP TS 23.003: "Numbering, addressing and identification".
[4]
3GPP TS 23.007: "Restoration procedures".
[5]
3GPP TS 23.008: "Organization of subscriber data".
[5a]
3GPP TS 23.018: "Basic call handling; Technical realization".
[6]
3GPP TS 23.022: "Functions related to Mobile Station (MS) in idle mode".
[7]
3GPP TS 23.116: "Super-Charger Technical Realisation; Stage 2".
[8]
3GPP TS 29.002: "Mobile Application Part (MAP) specification".
[9]
3GPP TS 29.007: "General requirements on interworking between the Public Land Mobile
Network (PLMN) and the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) or Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN)".
[10]
3GPP TS 43.020: "Security related network functions".
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[11]
3GPP TS 23.078: " Customised Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL)
Phase 4 stage2".
[11a]
3GPP TS 23.195: "Provision of UE Specific Behaviour Information to Network Entities".
[12]
3GPP TS 23.236: "Intra Domain Connection of RAN Nodes to Multiple CN Nodes".
[13]
3GPP TS 24.008: "Mobile Radio Interface Layer 3 specification; Core Network Protocols - Stage
3".
[14]
3GPP TS 29.010: "Information element mapping between Mobile Station - Base Station System
and BSS - Mobile-services Switching Centre (MS - BSS - MSC) Signalling procedures and the
Mobile Application Part (MAP)".
[15]
3GPP TS 32.422: "Subscriber and equipment trace: Trace control and configuration
management".
[16]
3GPP TS 32.421: "Subscriber and equipment trace: Trace concepts and requirements".
[17]
3GPP TS 25.413: "UTRAN Iu interface RANAP signalling".
[18]
3GPP TR 29.994: "Recommended infrastructure measures to overcome specific Mobile Station

(MS) faults".
[19]
3GPP TS 24.368: "Non-Access Stratum (NAS) configuration Management Object (MO)".
[20]
3GPP TS 23.060: "General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service description; Stage 2".
1.2 Abbreviations
Abbreviations are listed in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1].
In addition, for the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ADD
CSG
CSS
PUESBINE
UESBI-Iu
Automatic Device Detection

Closed Subscriber Group
CSG Subscriber Server
Provision of User Equipment Specific Behaviour Information to Network Entities
User Equipment Specific Behaviour Information over the Iu interface
Definitions
2.1 Location management

Location management means that the PLMNs keep track of where the MSs are located in the system area. The
location information for each MS is stored in functional units called location registers. Functionally, there are two
types of location registers:
-
the Home Location Register where all subscriber parameters of an MS are permanently stored, and where the
current location may be stored;
the Visitor Location Register where all relevant data concerning an MS are stored as long as the station is
within the area controlled by that visitor location register;
the CSG Subscriber Server where the CSG subscription data are stored in the visited PLMN for inbound
roaming MS, and where the current location may be stored.
See also 3GPP TS 23.002 [2] where the network architecture is described, and 3GPP TS 23.008 [5] where the data
stored in the location registers are described.
The action taken by a MS in order to provide location information to the PLMN will be referred to as location
updating.
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2.2 Location area and MSC area

The MSC area is composed of the area covered by all base stations controlled by the MSC. An MSC area may consist
of several location areas. A location area is an area in which, after having performed a location update once, MSs may
roam without being required to perform subsequent location updates for reason of location change. A location area
consists of one or more cells.
For further details of the network architecture, see 3GPP TS 23.002 [2].
2.3 Location area identification

The Location Area Identification (LAI) plan is part of the base station identification plan. The base stations are
identified uniquely (see 3GPP TS 23.003 [3]).
2.4 IMSI detach/attach operation

The support of IMSI detach/attach operation is mandatory in MSs. The facility is optional in the fixed infrastructure of
the PLMN.
2.4.1 Explicit IMSI detach/attach

Explicit IMSI detach operation is the action taken by an MS to indicate to the PLMN that the station has entered an
inactive state (e.g. the station is powered down). Explicit IMSI attach operation is the action taken by an MS to
indicate that the station has re-entered an active state (e.g. the station is powered up).
2.4.2 Implicit IMSI detach

Implicit IMSI detach operation is the action taken by the VLR to mark an MS as detached when there has been no
successful contact between the MS and the network for a time determined by the implicit detach timer. The value of
the implicit detach timer is derived from the periodic location updating timer; when the MSC/VLR applies Mobility
Management Congestion Control to a MS, the MSC/VLR may need to adjust the Implicit Detach timer as specified in
clause 3.7.2. During an established radio contact, the implicit detach timer shall be prevented from triggering implicit
detach. At the release of the radio connection, the implicit detach timer shall be reset and restarted. Implicit IMSI
detach shall also be performed in the case of a negative response to an IMEI check.
2.5 Use of the term mobile station (MS) in the present document
In order to simplify the text the term Mobile Station (MS) as used in relation to location management refers to the
entity where the IMSI is stored, i.e., in card operated MSs the term Mobile Station (MS) refers to the card.
2.6 Paging area

As an option, and for paging optimization purpose, the VLR may control Paging Areas. A Paging Area (PgA) is
composed of up to 5 Location Areas, and the MSC area is composed of several Paging Areas. Paging areas may
overlap each other. The Paging Area is stored in the HLR and updated at each paging area change. The Paging Area is
sent by the HLR to the VLR at roaming number request and may be used by the MSC/VLR for paging (e.g. when LAI
is not known, after MSC/VLR restart) (see 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a]).
General procedures in the network related to

Location Management
3.1 Procedures in the MSC related to Location Updating

The MSC shall pass messages related to location updating between the MS and the VLR.
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3.2 Procedures in the VLR related to Location Updating

FFS
3.3 Procedures in the HLR related to Location Updating

FFS
3.4 Normal Location Updating and IMSI detach/attach operation

When receiving a Location Updating Request or an IMSI detach/attach message from an MS, the MSC shall convey
the message to its associated Visitor Location Register. Any response from the location register shall similarly be
conveyed to the MS.
3.5 IMSI enquiry procedure

The MS shall identify itself by either the IMSI or the TMSI plus Location Area Identification of the previous VLR. In
the latter case the new VLR shall attempt to request the IMSI and authentication parameters from the previous VLR by
the methods defined in 3GPP TS 29.002 [8].
If this procedure fails, or if the TMSI is not allocated, the VLR shall request that the MS identifies itself by use of the
IMSI.
3.6 Information transfer between Visitor and Home Location

Registers
3.6.1 Procedures for location management
Detailed procedures for exchange of and location updating information between visitor and home location registers are
given in 3GPP TS 29.002 [8]. Below follows an overview of these procedures.
3.6.1.1
Location updating procedure
This procedure is used when an MS registers with a Visitor Location Register.

The VLR provides its address to the HLR.
The VLR may also allocate an optional identity for the MS at location updating: the Local Mobile Station Identity (see
3GPP TS 23.003 [3]).
3.6.1.2
Downloading of subscriber parameters to the VLR
As a part of the location updating procedure, the Home Location Register will convey the subscriber parameters of the
MS which need to be known by the visitor location register for proper call handling. This procedure is also used
whenever there is a change in the subscriber parameters that need to be conveyed to the VLR (e.g. change in
subscription, a change in supplementary services activation status).
If the HPLMN applies the multinumbering option, different MSISDNs are allocated for different Basic Services (see
3GPP TS 29.007 [9]) and stored in the HLR. Among these MSISDNs, the Basic MSISDN Indicator as part of the HLR
subscriber data (see 3GPP TS 23.008 [5]) marks the 'Basic MSISDN' to be sent to the VLR at location update. It is
used in the VLR for call handling as calling party and as line identity.
If the HPLMN applies the Administrative Restriction of Subscribers Access feature, the HLR shall convey the
subscriber access restriction parameter (AccessRestrictionData) to the VLR. The VLR shall check this subscription
parameter against the radio access technology that supports the LA/RA in which the UE is roaming to decide whether
the location update should be allowed or rejected.
For further information of the Subscriber access restriction see 3GPP TS 23.008[5].
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Location cancellation procedure
The procedure is used by the home location register to remove a MS from a visitor location register. The procedure
will normally be used when the MS has moved to an area controlled by a different location register. The procedure can
also be used in other cases, e.g. an MS ceases to be a subscriber of the Home PLMN.
3.6.1.4
Mobile subscriber purging procedure
A VLR may purge the subscriber data for an MS which has not established radio contact for a period determined by
the network operator. Purging means to delete the subscriber data and to "freeze" the TMSI that has been allocated to
the purged MS in order to avoid double TMSI allocation. The VLR shall inform the HLR of the purging.
When the HLR is informed of the purging, it shall set the flag "MS purged" in the IMSI record of the MS concerned.
Presence of the "MS purged" flag will cause any request for routing information for a call or short message to the MS
to be treated as if the MS were not reachable.
In the VLR, the "frozen" TMSI is freed for usage in the TMSI allocation procedure by location updating for the purged
MS in the same VLR, location cancellation for the purged MS or, in exceptional cases, by O&M.
In the HLR, the "MS purged" flag is reset by the location updating procedure and after reload of data from the nonvolatile back-up that is performed when the HLR restarts after a failure.
3.6.1.5
Support for subscription without MSISDN
An MSC/VLR may support delivery of SMS destined to an MS without MSISDN for GPRS and EPS operation
whereby a MSISDN is not allocated as part of the subscription data (see 3GPP TS 23.060 [3] subclause 5.3.17 and
3GPP TS 23.401 [72]).
An MSC/VLR which supports MSISDN-less operation shall indicate such support to the HLR in the MAP Update
Location request.
The HLR should reject a MAP Update Location request received for an MSISDN-less subscription from a VLR not
indicating support of MSISDN-less operation, with a cause indicating that roaming is not allowed.
The HLR shall download the subscriber parameters to the VLR as per subclause 3.6.1.2 but without an MSISDN
for an MSISDN-less subscription if the VLR indicates support of MSISDN-less operation.
NOTE 1: VLRs not supporting MSISDN-less operation can face unpredictable problems if the HLR was
downloading subscriber parameters without an MSISDN or with a dummy MSISDN shared across
multiple subscriptions.
NOTE 2: Some services have unresolved MSISDN dependencies and are not supported at operation without
MSISDN. See 3GPP TS 23.060 [3] subclause 5.3.17.
NOTE 3: The HLR can accept a MAP Update Location request received for an MSISDN-less subscription from a
VLR not indicating support of MSISDN-less operation if the HLR knows by proprietary means that the
VLR supports MSISDN-less operation in a proprietary way (e.g. with a dummy MSISDN value).
3.7 Overload Protection

3.7.1 Overview
As the number of mobile devices increase and become more automated (Machine Type Communication, MTC type
devices) the network is at greater risk of becoming overloaded. Additional mechanisms may be deployed to prevent
and or control overload and congestion. This sub-clause describes such optional mechanisms.
The succeeding descriptions applies to Network Mode of Operation II (requesting CS only). For NMO I (requesting
both CS and PS) the procedures are described in 3GPP TS 23.060 [20].
3.7.2 Congestion Control during Mobility Management

The MSC or VLR may support the capability to reject Location Updating Requests or IMSI Attach messages from an
MS if the node is experiencing congestion.
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The MSC/VLR may indicate the rejection is due to congestion with a specific congestion cause value and a specific
back-off timer, see 3GPP TS 24.008 [13].
The Mobility Management back-off timer shall not impact Cell/RAT and PLMN change. Cell/RAT and RA change do
not stop the Mobility Management back-off timer. The Mobility Management back-off timer shall not be a trigger for
PLMN reselection. The back-off timer is stopped as defined in 3GPP TS 24.008 [13] when a new PLMN that is not an
equivalent PLMN is accessed.
While the Mobility Management back-off timer is running, the MS shall not initiate any Mobility Management
procedures. However, the MS is allowed to initiate Mobility Management procedures for priority/emergency services
and mobile terminated services even when the Mobility Management back-off timer is running.
If the MS receives a paging request from the MSC/VLR while the Mobility Management back-off timer is running, the
MS shall stop the Mobility Management back-off timer and initiate the CM Service Request procedure.To avoid that
large amounts of MSs initiate deferred requests (almost) simultaneously, the MSC/VLR should select the Mobility
Management back-off timer value so that deferred requests are not synchronised.
The decision to apply congestion control is made by the MSC/VLR, the detailed criteria for which is outside the scope
of this specification but may for example take into account the low access priority indication if signalled by MSs.
The MSC/VLR should use implicit detach timer values that are larger than the Mobility Management back-off timer
values to avoid that the MSC/VLR implicitly detaches the MS before the MS has performed a LAU procedure, which
could lead to unneccessary signalling after the back-off timer expires.
3.7.3 Extended periodic LAU Signalling

To reduce network load from periodic location updating (LAU) signalling and to increase the time until the MS
detects a potential need for changing the RAT or PLMN (e.g. due to network problems) longer values of the periodic
LAU timer and implicit detach timer should be supported.
A long periodic LAU timer value may be locally configured at the MSC/VLR for MS configured for low access
priority (see 3GPP TS 24.368 [19]) or may be stored as part of the subscription data in the HLR. During the IMSI
Attach and Location Updating procedures, the MSC/VLR should allocate the periodic LAU timer value for the MS
based on VPLMN operator policy, low access priority indication from the MS, and subscription information received
from the HSS. If the allocated periodic LAU timer value is longer than T3212, the MSC/VLR shall provide the MS
with the periodic LAU timer in the Location Updating Accept message as specified in 3GPP TS 24.008 [13].
If the subscriber is not roaming and the MSC/VLR receives a subscribed periodic LAU timer value from the HSS, it
should allocate the subscribed value to the MS as periodic LAU timer. If the subscriber is roaming and the MSC/VLR
receives a subscribed periodic LAU timer value from the HSS, the MSC/VLR may use the subscribed periodic LAU
timer value as an indication to decide for allocating a locally configured periodic LAU timer value to the MS.
3.8 Information transfer between VLR and CSG Subscriber Server

3.8.1 Procedures for location management
3.8.1.1
General
Detailed procedures for exchange of and location updating information between VLR and CSG Subscriber Server are
given in 3GPP TS 29.002[8]. This clause follows an overview of these procedures.
3.8.1.2
Updating VCSG Location procedure
This procedure is used when an MS registers with a Visitor Location Register and there is a need to do a registration
with the CSS.
The VLR provides its address to the CSS.
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Downloading of VPLMN CSG subscription data to the VLR
As a part of the location updating procedure, the CSG Subscriber Server shall convey the VPLMN CSG subscription
data of the roaming MS which needs to be known by the visitor location register for determine whether the MS can
access the current cell to have CS services. This procedure is also used whenever there is a change in the VPLMN
CSG subscription data that needs to be conveyed to the VLR.
3.8.1.4
VCSG Location cancellation procedure
The procedure is used by the CSS to remove a MS from a CSS. The procedure will normally be used when there is a
removal of the CSG subscription data in CSS and of the MS registration including the case where a MS was registered
in CSS but without CSG data.
Detailed Procedures in the network related to

Location Management
The text in this clause is a supplement to the definition in the SDL diagrams; it does not duplicate the information in
the SDL diagrams.
This specification shows the location management application processes interworking with the MAP protocol handler,
which is specified in 3GPP TS 29.002 [8]. The MAP protocol defines supervision timers. If a supervision timer expires
before a distant entity responds to a signal, the handling is as defined in 3GPP TS 29.002 [8]. In general, the protocol
handler reports timer expiry to the application as an error condition or negative response. Where a timer is shown in
this specification, therefore, it is an application timer rather than a protocol timer. Interworking with the protocol
handlers uses functional signal names which do not necessarily have a one-to-one correspondence with the names of
messages used in the MAP protocols.
4.1 Location Updating

4.1.1 Detailed procedure in the MSC
4.1.1.1
Process Update_Location_Area_MSC
Sheet 1: Location Update corresponds to a Location_Registration_Request indicating any of the following:

-
Normal location update;
Periodic location update;
IMSI attach.
Sheet 1: The procedures Check_IMEI_MSC, Obtain_IMEI_MSC and Obtain_IMSI_MSC are specified in 3GPP
TS 23.018 [5a].
Sheet 1: The input signal "Send UESBI-Iu to Access Network" carries the IMEISV.
Sheet 1: The task "Convert IMEISV to UESBI" is defined in 3GPP TS 23.195 [11a].
Sheet 2: The procedure Check_IMEI_MSC is specified in 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a].
Sheet 2: When the MSC receives a Set Ciphering Mode request from the VLR, it sends a Start ciphering request
towards the MS. After that, the Forward new TMSI and Update Location Area ack may be received in any order.
Sheet 2: The Forward new TMSI may also be received prior to Update Location Area negative response if the option
"TMSI reallocation in case of Location Update reject with cause #13 (roaming not allowed in Location Area) or #15
(no suitable cells in Location Area)" is applicable (see 4.1.2.3). The new TMSI is forwarded together with the new
LAI. They are kept in the UE/SIM on receipt of the Location Update reject with cause #13 or #15 (see 3GPP TS
24.008 [13]).
Sheet 2: IMEISV trace list shall be made available to the MSC. The list may contain IMEISV entries if Management
Based Trace Activation is supported in RAN and MSC has received the trace list in the Uplink Information Transfer
3GPP
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
message (See 3GPP TS 32.422 [15] and 25.413 [17]). The test "Current IMEISV included in IMEISV trace list?" will
follow the "no" case when no entries exist.
Sheet 2: For Trace Invocation in RAN concepts and procedures see 3GPP TSs 32.421 [16], 32.422[15] and 25.413[17].
Sheet 2: IMEISV trace list
3GPP
Release 11
14
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
process Update_Location_Area_MSC
ULA_MSC1(2)
Process in the MSC to handle

an incoming Location Update Request,
and trigger the correct application process
Signals to/from the left

are to/from the BSS;
signals to/from the right
are to/from the VLR
Idle
Location
Update
Update
Location
Area
Wait_For_
Location_
Updating_Result
Send UESBI-Iu
to Access Network
Convert IMEISV
to UESBI-Iu
See 3GPP TS 23.195
Trace
subscriber
activity
Start
activity
tracing
Check
IMEI
Provide
IMEI
Check_IMEI_
MSC
Obtain_IMEI_
MSC
Provide
IMSI
Authenticate
Obtain_IMSI_
MSC
UESBI-Iu
Authenticate_
MSC
Yes
Result=
Pass?
Wait_For_
Location_
Updating_Result
No
Wait_For_
Location_
Updating_Result
MM
Release
Abort
Update
Location
Area negative
response
Location
Update
reject
Update
Location
Area ack
Forward
check SS
Idle
Set
CipheringMode
Check SS
Cipher
Command
Location
Update
reject
Wait_For_
Location_
Updating_Result
Wait_For_
TMSI
Idle
Figure 4.1.1.1 (sheet 1 of 2): Process Update_Location_Area_MSC
3GPP
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15
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
process Update_Location_Area_MSC
ULA_MSC2(2)
Process in the MSC to handle

an incoming Location Update Request,
MM
Release
Forward
check SS
New TMSI
Abort
Save TMSI
Update
Location
Area negative
response
Update
Location
Area ack
Update
Location
Area negative
response
Check
IMEI
Check SS
Update
Location
Area ack
From VLR
Location
Update
reject
Check_IMEI_
MSC
Yes
Result=
Pass?
Wait_For_
Location_Updating_
Completion
Idle

are to/from the VLR
Wait_For_
TMSI
Idle
No
Location
Update
reject
Wait_For_
TMSI
Cause #13 or #15 to send

and TMSI option supported ?
Location
Update
ack
Yes
Including new
LAI & new TMSI
Idle
Current IMEISV
included in IMEISV trace list?
No
New TMSI
& LAI
Wait_For_
TMSI_
Acknowledge
Wait_For_
TMSI_Ack_2
New TMSI
rejected
New TMSI
rejected
Forward
new TMSI
negative
response
New TMSI
accepted
No
New TMSI
accepted
Yes
Forward
new TMSI
negative
response
Forward
new TMSI
ack
Location
Update
reject
Forward
new TMSI
ack
Release
transaction
Idle
Invoke Tracing
in RAN
Location
Update
ack
Idle
Figure 4.1.1.1 (sheet 2 of 2): Process Update_Location_Area_MSC
3GPP
Release 11
4.1.1.2
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Procedure Authenticate_MSC
Procedure Authenticate_MSC
AUT_MSC1(1)
Procedure in the MSC

to obtain an authentication
response from the MS
and relay it to the VLR

Signals to/from the right
are to/from the VLR
Authenticate
Wait_For_
Auth_Response
Authenticate
negative
response
Authenticate
ack
Release
transaction
Authenticate
ack
Authenticate
negative
response
Result:=
Pass
Result:=
Aborted
Figure 4.1.1.2 (sheet 1 of 1): Procedure Authenticate_MSC
3GPP
Release 11
17
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
4.1.2 Detailed procedure in the VLR

4.1.2.1
Process Update_Location_Area_VLR
General comment: at any stage in the location updating process the MSC may receive an indication from the BSS that
the MM transaction has been released. The MSC then sends an Abort signal to the VLR. Upon receipt of this message,
the VLR shall follow one of two possible courses of action.
The two possible courses of action and the conditions determining which course shall be taken are as follows:
1.
If a successfully authenticated radio connection is already established before the Abort message is received, the
VLR shall ignore the message.
2.
If a successfully authenticated radio connection has not been established before the Abort message is received,
the VLR shall abort the Update Location Area process and return to the idle state.
Sheet 1: the location area updating process will be activated by receiving an Update Location Area indication from the
MSC. If there are parameter errors in the indication, the process is terminated with the appropriate error sent in the
Update Location Area response to the MSC. Else, the behaviour will depend on the subscriber identity received, either
an IMSI or a TMSI.
The Automatic Device Detection (ADD) function is an optional feature that allows the HLR to be updated with the
current User Equipment (IMEISV) and thus enables the network to configure the subscribers equipment based on a
predefined profile. The mechanism for the IMEISV retrieval by device management system (either from HLR or VLR)
is outside the scope of this specification. As an optimisation, the VLR may optionally store whether or not the HLR
supports the ADD feature and use this information to decide whether or not to send an update to the HLR.
The Paging Area function is an optional feature that allows the HLR to be updated with the current Paging Area (PgA)
(see subclause 2.6). If supported, whenever the paging area changes, the VLR shall send a MAP Update Location
request with the Paging Area parameter set to the location areas belonging to the new paging area. The Paging Area
is then sent by the HLR (if available) to the VLR in the MAP Provide Roaming Number and may be used for paging
optimisation after a MSC/VLR restart (see 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a]).
Sheet 1: The usage of a Hop Counter is an optional optimization.
Sheet 2: at the decision "HLR updating required?" the "True" branch shall be taken if and only if one or more of the
following conditions is true:
(1) Location Info Confirmed in HLR is false.
(2) Data Confirmed by HLR is false.
Sheet 2: : The execution of the test "HLR supports ADD?" and the action "set: skip subscriber data update" is an
optional optimisation and depends on the presence of the relevant indication from the HLR that ADD functionality is
supported. If this optimisation is not supported on the VLR or no indication is received, both are bypassed in which
case processing continues at connector 4.
Sheet 2: The execution of the test "HLR supports PgA?" and the action "set: skip subscriber data update" depends on
the presence of the relevant indication from the HLR that PgA functionality is supported.
Sheet 2: The "Subscriber data dormant" flag is an optional parameter that shall at least be supported by VLR
implementing the Mobile Terminating Roaming Retry feature (see 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a]). A VLR not supporting this
flag shall behave as if the flag is set to false.
Sheet 2: A VLR supporting the Mobile Terminating Roaming Retry feature sets the "Cancel Location received"
flag to false after authenticating the radio connection. This is used to determine whether to trigger MT roaming retry
upon receipt of an incoming call, see subclause 7.3.2.1 of 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a].
Sheet 3: the procedure Obtain_IMSI_VLR is specified in 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a].
The type of Location Update is retrieved in 3GPP TS 23.078 [11] procedure Set_Notification_Type and is returned
into the Notify variable; this information is necessary for the CAMEL Mobility Management event notification
procedure 3GPP TS 23.078 [11] Notify_gsmSCF.
3GPP
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
proces s U pdate_ Loca tion_ Area _V L R
U L A _ VLR 1(4)
Pro c ess in th e V L R to h an dle

an in com ing Up d ate L oc ation A rea R eq ue st,
an d trig ge r the co rrec t app lication p ro cess
Sig n als to /fro m the left

are to /fro m th e MS C
Idle
U p date
L ocatio n
A rea
R etrie ve_
IME ISV _If_
R equ ired
No
Ye s
P UE S BIN E
su p po rted?
P UE S BIN E
su p po rted?
No
Ye s
R esu lt=
P ass?
Ye s
Se nd U ES B I-Iu
to Acc ess Ne tw ork
No
IMS I
U p date
L oc atio n
A rea n eg ative
resp o nse
Iden tity
u sed ?
TM SI
P revio us N o
L AI in th is
V LR ?
Ye s
Idle
N o S ub sc rib er
k no wn in
V LR ?
Ye s
No
TM SI
k no wn ?
Ye s
No
P revio us
L AI in th is
V LR ?
Ye s
NRI
received
fro m MS ?
Ye s
NRI
allo c ated
b y th is VL R ?
No
No
No
M SC
area
cha ng e?
Ye s
S ub sc rib er d ata
c on firmed b y
H L R:=F alse
L oc atio n info
c on firmed in
H L R:=F alse
No
PV L R a dd ress
d erivab le?
L oc atio n info
c on firmed in
H L R:=F alse
Ye s
No
L ocatio n info
con firmed in
H L R:=F alse
Ye s
IuF le x
su pp orted?
S ub scrib er
tracin g
ac tive?
Ye s
No
Trace
su b scrib er
activity
Ye s
S et H op Co u n ter
to m aximu m valu e
Figure 4.1.2.1 (sheet 1 of 3): Process Update_Location_Area_VLR
3GPP
Release 11
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
proce ss U pdate_ Loc atio n_Area _V LR

P roc e ss in t h e V L R to h a n d le
a n in co m in g U p d a te L o ca tion A re a R e q u es t,
a n d t rigg e r th e c o rre ct a p plica tio n p ro ce ss
U L A_ V LR 2 (4)
S ig n a ls to /fro m t h e le f t
a re t o /f ro m th e M S C ;
sig n a ls to / fro m th e rig ht
a re t o /f ro m th e A RC tim e r
a p p lica tio n pr o ces s
A u th en tic at io n
re q u ired ?
No
Yes
A u th en tic at e _
VLR
C o n firm e d
b y R a d io
co n ta ct := T ru e
R e su lt=
P a ss ?
No
R e su lt?
Yes
U p d a te L A I
A b o rt ed I lle g a l S u b scrib er
se t S u b scrib e r d a t a d o rm a n t
: =fa lse
I dle
S e t n e ga tive
re sp o n se :
I lle g a l
su b scrib e r
se t C a nc e l L o cat io n R e ce ived
: =fa lse
B
Yes
No
H LR
u p da te
n e ed ed ?
IMEISV or PgA
to se n d ?
No
ADD
su p p o rte d ?
No
No
Yes
U p d a te
re g is te r
4
No
S e t_
N o tif ica t io n _
T ype
Yes
C h e ck f o r
A D D sup p o rt ?
Yes
H L R su p p o rts
ADD?
Yes
se t: skip su b scrib e r
d a ta up d a te
L o ca tio n _
U p d a te _
C o m p let io n_ V LR
R e su lt=
P a ss ?
Yes
Yes
IM EISV
ch a n g ed ?
U n kn o wn S u b scrib e r
D e le t e
su b scrib e r
re co rd
N o tif y_
g sm S CF
No
S e t n e ga tive
re sp o n se :
U n kn o wn
su b scrib e r
U p d a te
L o ca tio n
A re a ne g a tive
re sp o n se
No
Idle
S ee 3 G P P
T S 2 3 . 07 8
S ee 3 G P P
T S 2 3 . 07 8
A u th en tic ate d
R a d io Co n tac t
E st a b lish e d
I dle
IM E I S V to se n d
A
3GPP
P ro c ed u re E rro r
S e t n e ga tive
re sp o n se :
S ya te m
f ailu re
Release 11
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
process Update_Location_Area_VLR
ULA_VLR3(4)
Process in the VLR to handle

an incoming Update Location Area Request,
In the upper subtree,

signals to/from the left
are to/from the MSC;
are to/from the ARC timer
application process
Yes
Unknown
HLR?
No
Update_
HLR_VLR
Result?
Roaming not allowed

Unknown Subscriber
Abort
Delete
subscriber
record
Delete
subscriber
record
Set negative
response:
Roaming not
allowed
Set negative
response:
Unknown
subscriber
In the lower subtree,

are to/from the PVLR
Set negative
response:
Syatem
failure
Standalone
mode?
Yes
Idle
Wait_For_
PVLR_Response
Send
Identification
negative response
Obtain_
IMSI_VLR
No
See 3GPP
TS 23.018
Pass
Location_
Update_
Completion_VLR
Location_
Update_
Completion_VLR
Update
Subscriber data
Location
confirmed by
Area negative HLR:=False
response
Send
Identification
Send
Identification
ack
Procedure Error
No
No
Result=
Pass?
Yes
Update
register
Set_
Notification_
Type
See 3GPP
TS 23.078
Notify_
gsmSCF
See 3GPP
TS 23.078
Authenticated
Radio Contact
Established
Idle
Result=
Pass?
Yes
Idle
3GPP
Release 11
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
process Update_Location_Area_VLR
ULA_VLR4(4)
Process in the VLR to handle

an incoming Update Location Area Request,

are to/from the ARC timer
application process
A
PgA
supported?
No
Yes
PgA
changed?
No
Yes
HLR supports
PgA?
No
Yes
set: skip subscriber
data update
PgA to send
3GPP
Release 11
22
4.1.2.1a
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Procedure Retrieve_IMEISV_If_Required
The decision box "received IMEISV = stored IMEISV" takes the "No" exit if no IMEISV is stored.
procedure Retrieve_IMEISV_If_Required
R_IMEISV_IR1(1)
Procedure in the VLR to

retrieve IMEISV if required

are to/from the MSC
Location Update Type=

Periodic Location Update?
No
Yes
No
Provide
IMEI
IMEISV
stored?
Yes
See 3GPP TS 23.018
Wait_For_
IMEI
Provide
IMEI ack
Abort
See 3GPP TS 23.018

ADD supported?
Yes
No
Yes
received IMEISV
:= stored IMEISV?
No
IMEISV changed
:= True
Store IMEISV
Result:=
Fail
Result:=
Pass
Figure 4.1.2.1A: Procedure Retrieve_IMEISV_If_Required
3GPP
Release 11
4.1.2.2
23
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Procedure Authenticate_VLR
Sheet 2: The procedure Obtain_IMSI_VLR is specified in 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a].
AUT_VLR1(2)
Procedure in the VLR

to authenticate an MS
via the MSC
are to/from the HLR.
Yes
Authentication
sets available?
No
Obtain_
Authentication_
Sets_VLR
No
Yes Result=
Aborted?
No
Yes Result=
Procedure
Error?
No
Result:=
Aborted
Result:=
Procedure
Error
Result:=
Unknown
Subscriber
Result=
Pass?
Yes
Authenticate
Wait_For_
Authenticate_
Result
Authenticate
negative
response
Authenticate
ack
No
Received SRES=
expected SRES?
Authentication
Failure
Report
Yes
More
authentication
sets needed?
No
More
authentication
sets needed?
Yes
Fetch_
Authentication_
Sets_VLR
Yes
Fetch_
Authentication_
Sets_VLR
Authentication
accepted
Result:=
Pass
Result:=
Aborted
Figure 4.1.2.2 (sheet 1 of 2): Procedure Authenticate_VLR
3GPP
No
Release 11
24
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
AUT_VLR2(2)

to authenticate an MS
via the MSC
Signals to the left

are to the MSC.
Identity=IMSI?
No
Retry
with
IMSI?
Yes
Yes
No
Obtain_
IMSI_VLR
No
Result=
Pass?
Yes
No
IMSI
known?
Yes
IMSI
matches
TMSI?
No
Authentication
accepted
Result:=
Aborted
Result:=
Unidentified
Subscriber
Yes
Authentication
rejected
Authentication
Failure
Report
Identity:=
IMSI
Figure 4.1.2.2 (sheet 2 of 2): Procedure Authenticate_VLR
3GPP
Result:=
Illegal
Subscriber
Release 11
4.1.2.3
25
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Procedure Location_Update_Completion_VLR
Sheet 1: Decision "National Roaming Restrictions Exist?" distinguishes whether or not the subscriber is allowed
service in the target LA, based on the current location of the MS and the VLR's knowledge of other networks. The
"Yes" branch results in the sending of "Update Location Area Negative Response" toward the MSC (and the MS), with
cause "National Roaming Not Allowed." However, subscriber data shall not be deleted from the VLR. This is to avoid
unnecessary HLR updating should the subscriber be allowed subsequently to roam in other LAs of the same MSC.
Sheet 1: Decision "Access-Restriction-Data permits current RAT?" performs a check on the subscribers
AccessRestrictionData information received from the HLR and either allows the operation to continue or rejects the
Location Update. The decision is taken according to the following:
-If AccessRestrictionData value includes "GERAN not allowed" and the LA/RA, where the MS accesses the network,
is served by GERAN, then the subscribers access is not permitted.
-If AccessRestrictionData value includes "UTRAN not allowed" and the LA/RA, where the MS accesses the network is
served by UTRAN, then the subscribers access is not permitted.
Sheet 1: When the Location Update is not allowed because the subscriber access is restricted due to Administrative
Restriction of Subscribers Access feature, the flow results in the sending of "Update Location Area Negative
Response" toward the MSC (and the MS). The recommended cause code is "RAT not allowed", but cause codes
"PLMN not allowed" or "National Roaming Not allowed" may also be used based on operator configuration and the
required MS behaviour.
Note: For the mapping of MAP Process cause code values to values on the MM protocol interface see 3GPP TS 29.010
[14].
For the MS behaviour determined on the received cause code see 3GPP TS 24.008[13].
Sheet 1: Decision "Roaming restriction due to Unsupported Feature received in subscriber data?" distinguishes
whether or not the subscriber data received from the HLR indicates "roaming restriction due to unsupported feature."
The "Yes" branch results in the sending of "Update Location Area Negative Response" toward the MSC (and the MS),
with cause "National Roaming Not Allowed." However, subscriber data shall not be deleted from the VLR. This is to
avoid unnecessary HLR updating should the subscriber be allowed subsequently to roam in other LAs of the same
MSC.
Sheet 1: Decision "Regional subscription restriction" distinguishes whether or not the subscriber is allowed service in
the target LA, which the VLR deduces based on regional subscription information received from the HLR. The "Yes"
branch results in the sending of "Update Location Area Negative Response" toward the MSC (and the MS), with cause
"location area not allowed." However, subscriber data shall not be deleted from the VLR. This is to avoid unnecessary
HLR updating should the subscriber be allowed subsequently to roam in other LAs of the same MSC.
Sheet 1: Causes "National Roaming Not Allowed" and "RAT not allowed" lead to sending of cause #13 (roaming not
allowed in the Location Area) and #15 (no suitable cells in Location Area) respectively to the MS (see 3GPP TS
29.010 [14]). On receipt of cause #13 or #15 the TMSI and LAI currently stored in the MS are not deleted (see 3GPP
TS 24.008 [13]). As an option (referred-to as "TMSI option"), for these two reject causes, the VLR may forward a new
TMSI (with the new LAI) together with the sending of "Update Location Area Negative Response" toward the MSC.
The Location Updating Reject is sent to the MS after forwarding of the new TMSI (and new LAI) (see subclause
4.1.1.1).
This optional TMSI allocation (with new LAI) ensures that:
-
a pre-Rel-8 MS will initiate a location updating if it roams back to the previous Location Area (allowed), i.e. to
the location area whose identity is already stored in the MS, after having received the reject cause #13 or #15;
otherwise the location updating may not be initiated and mobile terminated calls may not be delivered until the
next mobile originated activity or periodic location update (see 3GPP TR 29.994 [18]).
the next location update enables the new VLR to address the correct previous VLR (which controls the not
allowed Location Area) and to obtain the right IMSI and security context; otherwise a wrong VLR is addressed
(corresponding to the TMSI/LAI of the VLR that controlled the previous allowed LA) and a wrong IMSI /
security context would be obtained if the TMSI was reallocated.
Sheet 2: If the MS performs a location update procedure in a VPLMN supporting Autonomous CSG Roaming and the
HPLMN has enabled Autonomous CSG Roaming in the VPLMN (via Service Level Agreement) and if the VLR needs
to retrieve the CSG Subscription Data of the MS from the CSS, the VLR shall initiate the Update VCSG Location
Procedure with the CSS and store the CSG Subscription data if any received from the CSS. The stored CSG
Subscription data is used by VLR to perform access control for the MS.
3GPP
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26
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
If the Update VCSG Location Procedure fails, the VLR continues the location update procedure.
Sheet 3: The procedure Check_IMEI_VLR is specified in 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a].
3GPP
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27
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
proc edu re L oca tion _U pd ate_C o m pletion_ V LR
LU C _ V LR 1 (3)
P roc e d u re in th e V L R
to co m p le te L oc a tio n U p d a te
S ign a ls to /f ro m th e le ft
a r e to /fro m th e M S C
N a tio n a l ro a m in g
re st rictio n s e xist?
Yes
No
R o a m in g re s trictio n D u e
T o U n su p p o rte d F ea tu re
re ce ive d in su b scr ib e r da t a ?
Yes
S e t n e g a tive re sp o ns e :
N a tio n a l R o a m in g
N o t a llo w e d
Re gio n a l
su b scrip tio n
re strictio n ?
No
No
Yes
A d m in istra tive res trictio n

o f su bs crib e rs' a cce ss
fe a tu re s u p p or te d ?
Yes
No
S e t n e g a tive re sp o ns e :
L o ca tio n A re a N o t
A llo w ed
A cce ss R e strictio n D a ta
p a ra m ete r a va ila b le ?
No
Yes
Yes
1
A cce ss R e strictio n D a ta
p e rm its cu rren t R A T?
No
S et n e g a tive re sp o n se :
R A T no t a llo we d
L A A llo w e d : = F a lse
R e su lt= P a ss
U p d a te Re giste r
S e t C ip h erin g
Mode
N ew T MSI
& LAI
U p d a te Lo c atio n
A re a ne ga tive
re sp o n se
Yes
C a u se 'N a tio n a l ro a m in g n o t a llo w e d ' o r 'R A T n o t allo w e d '
a n d TM S I o p tio n su p p o rte d ?
No
U p d a te Lo c atio n
A re a ne ga tive
re sp o n se
W A I T _F O R _
T M S I_C nf
Figure 4.1.2.3 (sheet 1 of 3): Procedure Location_Update_Completion_VLR
3GPP
Release 11
28
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
procedure Location_Update_Completion_VLR
LUC_VLR2(3)

to complete Location Update

are to/from the MSC
Autonomous CSG supported in VPLMN

and allowed by HPLMN
Yes
Update_VCSG_
Location_VLR
Serving cell?
Hybrid cell
CSG cell
Normal cell
CSG Id of the serving cell
in the subscribed CSGs?
Indicate CSG membership

status
No
Set negative response:

Not allowed for this CSG
Update Location
Area negative
response
3GPP
Release 11
29
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
procedure Location_Update_Completion_VLR
LUC_VLR3(3)

to complete Location Update

are to/from the MSC
LA Allowed:= True
IMSI Detached:= False
Subscriber_
Present_VLR
See TS 29.002
Trace_Subscriber_
Activity_VLR
TMSI to be
reallocated?
No
Yes
Set Ciphering
Mode
IMEI check
required?
Yes
IMEI check
required?
Yes
No
CHECK_IMEI_VLR
CHECK_IMEI_VLR
Result?
Result?
Pass
Aborted
Aborted
Fail
New TMSI
Result=Pass
Update Location
Area Ack
WAIT_FOR_
TMSI_Cnf
Forward new
TMSI ack
No
See 3GPP TS 23.018
Result:=Aborted
Pass
Fail
Result=Fail
Result=Fail
TMEI check
Fail
TMEI check
Fail
VLR Application
(Detach IMSi VLR)
Illegal Equipment
Update Location
Area negative
response
Result=Pass
Update Location
Area Ack

Illegal Equipment
Update Location
Area negative
response
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Procedure Update_HLR_VLR
Sheet 1: The procedure Check_User_Error_In_Serving_Network_Entity is specific to Super-Charger; it is specified in

3GPP TS 23.116 [7].
Sheet 1: A VLR supporting the MT Roaming Forwarding feature (see 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a]) includes the "MTRF
supported" flag in the MAP Update Location message sent to the HLR. After sending this message, the VLR may
receive at any time an MT Provide Roaming Number request including the MTRF Indicator from the old VLR in the
WAIT_FOR_DATA state (not represented in the SDL).
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Procedure Update_HLR_VLR
U_HLR_VLR1(1)
are to/from the HLR
are to/from the MSC
HLR updating in VLR
Update Location
WAIT_FOR_
DATA
Insert
Subscriber
Data
Activate
Trace Mode
Insert_Subs_
Data_VLR
Activate_Tracing_
VLR
WAIT_FOR_
DATA
WAIT_FOR_
DATA
Forward Check
SS Indication
Update Location
ack
Forward Check
SS Indication
Update Location
negative
response
Failure Case ?
Roaming
not Allowed
WAIT_FOR_
DATA
Result:=
Roaming Not Allowed
Unknown
Subscriber
Result:=
Unknown Subscriber
Result:=
Pass
Check_User_Error_
In_Serving_
Network_Entity
Data
Confirmed
by HLR:=True
Data
Confirmed
by HLR:=False
Location Info
Confirmed
in HLR:=True
Location Info
Confirmed
in HLR:=False
Procedure
Error
Result:=
Procedure Error
See TS 23.116
Figure 4.1.2.4 (sheet 1 of 1): Procedure Update_HLR_VLR
3GPP
Abort
Result:=
Abort
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Procedure Insert_Subs_Data_VLR
The procedure Check_Parameters is specified in 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a].
Procedure Insert_Subs_Data_VLR
Insert_Subs_Data_VLR(1)
Procedure to receive
and store subscriber
data in the VLR
Signals to/from the right are

to/from the HLR
Check_Parameters
See TS 23.018
Result=
Pass?
No
Yes
All received features &
services supported ?
No
Yes
Update
Subscriber
Data
Update subscriber
data for
supported feature(s)
Set parameters
for unsupported
features
MSC area restricted by

regional subscription?
Yes
No
Set MSC
Area
Restricted
Insert Subscriber
Data negative
response
Insert Subscriber
Data Ack
Figure 4.1.2.5 (sheet 1 of 1): Procedure Insert_Subs_Data_VLR
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Procedure Activate_Tracing_VLR

Procedure Activate_Tracing_VLR
1(1)
Handling the
Activate Trace
Mode in the VLR

to/from the HLR
Signals to/from the left are
to/from the MSC
Check_Parameters
See TS 23.018
Result=
Pass?
No
Yes
Subscriber
Known?
No
Yes
Tracing
supported
No
Yes
Set negative
response
Facility
not supported
Set negative
response
Unidentified
subscriber
Tracing buffer
full?
No
No
Set Subscriber
Tracing := Active
Set negative
response
Tracing
buffer full
Active Trace
Mode negative
response
Active Trace
Mode Ack
Figure 4.1.2.6 (sheet 1 of 1): Procedure Activate_Tracing_VLR
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4.1.2.7 Process Send_Identification_PVLR

Sheet 1: The procedure Check_Parameters is specified in 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a].
Sheet 1: Decision "IuFlex applied?" distinguishes whether or not the PVLR applies "Intra Domain Connection of RAN
Nodes to Multiple CN Nodes" as described in 3GPP TS 23.236 [12]. If this feature is applied, the VLR shall extract
the NRI from the TMSI and attempt to derive the VLR address of the VLR where the subscriber was previously
registered, denoted in the following as the "real PVLR".
Sheet 1: Decision "Result = success?" distinguishes whether the NRI could be successfully converted into the "real
PVLR" address. In case of successful conversion, the PVLR shall relay the received Send_Identification message to
the "real PVLR" as specified in 3GPP TS 23.236 [12]. The new VLR and the "real PVLR" shall not perceive that
relaying is being performed, i.e. they shall not notice the presence of the relaying node. The actual mechanism used to
perform the relay is an implementation choice. A possible mechanism is described in section 4.1.2.9.
Sheet 1: If supported by the VLR, the "Subscriber data dormant" flag shall be set to true to reflect that the MS
has moved outside the VLR area. A VLR not supporting this flag shall behave as if the flag is set to false.
NOTE:
HLRs compliant with this release of the specification and supporting mobile terminating roaming retry
and Super-Charger will always send a Cancel Location message to the old VLR even in a supercharged
network (see 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a]). HLRs compliant with an earlier release of the specification may not
always send a Cancel Location message in a supercharged network. To support mobile terminating
roaming retry with such HLR implementations, the old VLR can start a timer upon receipt of the MAP
Send Identification message while on-going paging to trigger the sending of an internal Cancel Location
to the old MSC and thus the sending of a MAP Resume Call Handling message by the old MSC to the
GMSC after the sending of the MAP Update Location by the new VLR to the HLR.
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
process Send_Identification_PVLR
SI_PVLR1(1)
Handling of the Send Identifiction

in the Previous VLR (PVLR)

to/from the new VLR
Idle
Send
Identification
Check
Parameters
Result =
Pass?
Yes
TMSI Known?
No
No
Yes
Set IMSI
IuFlex
applied?
Yes
set Subscriber data dormant

:= true
No
Authentication
sets available?
No
Extract NRI
from TMSI
Convert NRI
Into VLR Address
Yes
Set Authentication
Info
Result =
Success?
Yes
No
Send Current
Security Context
Perform_Relaying
No
Set
negative response
unidentified subscriber
Yes
Send
Identification
negative response
Set Current
Security Context
Send
Identification
ack
Idle
Figure 4.1.2.7 (sheet 1 of 1): Process Send_Identification_PVLR
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Process Trace_Subscriber_Activity_VLR
Procedure Trace_Subscriber_Activity_VLR
1(1)

to judge whether to send
trace subscriber activity
or not

are to/from the MSC
Subscriber Trace=
active?
No
Yes
Trace
Subscriber
Activity
Figure 4.1.2.8 (sheet 1 of 1): Process Trace_Subscriber_Activity_VLR
4.1.2.9
Procedure Perform Relaying
The relay may be performed by opening a new MAP dialogue to the "real PVLR" and keeping it linked to the existing
MAP dialogue between the new VLR and the PVLR. Every message received for one of these dialogues shall be
relayed to the other one, until the two dialogues are closed. This mechanism is described in figure 4.1.2.9.
In order to improve the signalling efficiency of the relaying function, alternative mechanisms may be implemented as
long as no difference shall be perceived by the new VLR and the "real PVLR".
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The usage of a Hop Counter is an optional optimization.

procedure Perform_Relaying
PR_PVLR1(1)
Procedure to perform the relaying of

the Send Identification message
from/to the new VLR and the "real
PVLR", as specified in 3GPP TS 23.236
"Intra Domain Connection of RAN
Nodes to Multiple CN Nodes
No

to/from the new VLR.
to/from the "real PVLR".
Hop Counter
received?
Yes
Yes
Received
Hop Counter = 0?
No
Set Hop Counter

to maximum -1
decrement
Hop Counter
Prepare
Send Identification
Send
Identification
The Send Identification message is prepared by copying

all parameters (except Hop Counter) received with
Send Identification from the new VLR
Sent to the "real PVLR identified by means of the NRI

extracted from TMSI, as specified in 3GPP TS 23.236
Wait for Send

Identification
Result
Send Identification
Ack
The Send Identification Ack

is prepared by copying all parameters
received with Send Identification Ack
from the "real PVLR"
Prepare Send
Identification Ack
Send Identification
Ack
Send Identification
negative response
Prepare Send Identification

negative response
The Send Identification negative response

is prepared by copying all parameters
received with Send Identification negative
response from the "real PVLR"
Send Identification
negative response
Set Error:
Unidentified
Subscriber
Send Identification
negative response
Figure 4.1.2.9 (sheet 1 of 1): Procedure Perform Relaying
4.1.2.10
Procedure Update_VCSG_Location_VLR
The VLR uses this procedure to register the MS with the CSG Subscriber Server and may retrieve the CSG
subscription data from CSS.
When using this procedure, the VLR sends an Update VCSG Location request towards the CSS, and waits for the
answer from the CSS.
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If the VLR receives a negative Update VCSG Location response from the CSS, the VLR sets the result with
failure cause and ends this procedure.
If the VLR receives an Insert VCSG Subscriber Data request, it shall update the CSG Subscription Data and
returns a response message to CSS. The CSG Subscription Data received from the CSS is stored and managed
in the VLR independently from the CSG Subscription Data received from the HLR. If the same CSG ID exists
in both CSG Subscription Data from the CSS and CSG Subscription Data from the HLR, the CSG Subscription
Data from the HLR shall take precedence over the CSG Subscription Data from the CSS.
If the VLR receives a successful Update VCSG Location ACK message, it ends the procedure.
-
If the successful Update VCSG Location ACK message indicates that there is no CSG Subscription data, the
VLR shall not send any subsequent Update VCSG Location Request message to the CSS.
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Procedure Update_VCSG_Location_VLR
UVL_VLR1(1)
Prodedure in VLR to handle the

VCSG location updating with CSS

are to/from the CSS
Update VCSG
Location req
wait for CSS

response
update VCSG
location ACK
Result= pass
update VCSG
location negative
response
insert VCSG
subs req
update VCSG
subscription data
Result= unknown
subscriber
Failure cause?
unknown
subscriber
procedure
error
Result= procedure
error
Abort
Result= Abort
insert VCSG
subs ACK
wait for CSS

response
Figure 4.1.2.10 (sheet 1 of 1): Procedure Update_VCSG_Location_VLR
4.1.2.11
Procedure Insert_VCSG_Subs_Data_VLR
Whenever the CSG subscription data is changed for a MS in the CSS, and the changes affect the CSG subscription
data stored in the VLR, the CSS shall inform the VLR about the changes by the means of an Insert VCSG Subscriber
Data request (IMSI, CSG subscription data) which initiates the procedure Insert_VCSG_Subs_Data_VLR.
The VLR checks the received parameters. If the MS is unknown, the VLR shall send a negative Insert VCSG
Subscriber Data response message to the CSS that deregisters the VLR for this MS. If the MS is known, the VLR shall
update the stored CSG subscription data and acknowledge the Insert VCSG Subscriber Data request by returning an
Insert VCSG Subscriber Data Ack.
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
The CSG Subscription Data received from the CSS is stored and managed in the VLR independently from the CSG
Subscription Data received from the HLR. The Insert VCSG Subscriber Data procedure shall only affect the CSG
Subscription Data received from the CSS.
If the same CSG ID exists in both CSG Subscription Data from the CSS and CSG Subscription Data from the HLR,
the CSG Subscription Data from the HLR shall take precedence over the CSG Subscription Data from the CSS.
procedure Insert_VCSG_Subs_Data_VLR
1(1)
Procedure to receive and

store VCSG subscriber data
in the VLR

to/from the CSS
Check_Parameters
See TS 23.018
Result=
pass?
No
Yes
Update VCSG
subscriber data
Insert VCSG subscriber

data Ack
Insert VCSG subscriber

data negtive response
Figure 4.1.2.11 (sheet 1 of 1): Procedure Insert_VCSG_Subs_Data_VLR
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
4.1.3 Detailed procedure in the HLR

4.1.3.1
Process Update_Location_HLR
The Paging Area function is an optional feature that allows the HLR to be updated with the current Paging Area (PgA)
(see subclause 2.6). If supported, the HLR shall store the Paging Area received from the VLR in MAP Update Location
requests. If the Paging Area parameter is not included in a MAP Update Location request and the VLR has not
changed, the HLR shall keep the stored Paging Area. If the Paging Area parameter is not included in a MAP Update
Location request and the VLR has changed, the HLR shall delete the stored Paging Area.
Sheet 1: The procedure Check_Parameters is specified in 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a].
Sheet 1: The procedure Super_Charged_Cancel_Location_HLR is specific to Super-Charger; it is specified in 3GPP TS
23.116 [7]. Sheet 2: The procedure Super_Charged_Location_Updating_HLR is specific to Super-Charger; it is
specified in 3GPP TS 23.116 [7]. If subscription data needs to be sent to the VLR, processing continues from the "No"
exit of the test "Result=Pass?".
Sheet 2: The execution of the test "skip subscriber data update?" is optional and depends on the presence of the
relevant indication from the VLR. If no indication is received, then the result of the test is "No". The HLR may
additionally skip the procedures Update_Routing_Info and Control_Tracing_HLR if this indication is received from
the VLR.
Sheet 2: If the HLR supports the Administrative Restriction of Subscribers Access feature and roaming is allowed in
the VPLMN then the HLR may check the "Supported RAT Types" received from the VLR against the access restriction
parameters. If this check fails then the decision box "Roaming allowed in this PLMN" shall take the exit "No".
Sheet 2: If the HLR supports MSISDN-less subscriptions and the subscriber's subscription is MSISDN-less, the test
"Subscriber Allowed to Roam into PLMN?" takes the "no" exit e.g. if the VLR is known not to support MSISDN-less
operation (see clause 3.6.1.5).
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1(3)
Process In the HLR Application

to handlle Location Updating

are to/from the VLR
IDLE
Update
Location
Check_
Parameters
See TS 23.018
No
Result=
Pass?
Yes
No
Subscriber
Known?
Subscriber Tracing
Active in VLR=False
Yes
Network Access Mode=
GPRS Only?
No
Yes
New VLR?
Set negative
response:
Unknown
Subscriber
No
Super_Charged_
Cancel_Location_
HLR
Result: Pass?
See TS 23.116
Yes
Update Location
Negative Response
No
Cancel_Location_HLR
IDLE
Figure 4.1.3.1 (sheet 1 of 3): Process Update_Location_HLR
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
process Update_Location_HLR
2(3)
Process in the HLR Application

to handle Location Updating

are to/from the VLR
Subscriber
Allowed to
Roam into PLMN?
No
Yes
Update
Routeing
Info
Set Negative
Response:
Roaming Not Allowed
Reset Flag
MS Purged
Delete Routeing
Info
Control_
Tracing_
HLR
Result =
Pass?
No
A
IDLE
Update Location
Negative Response
Yes
Super_Charged_
Location_Updating_ See TS 23.116
HLR
IDLE
Result = Pass?
No
Yes
MSC Area Restricted?
or
Roaming Restricted Due to
Unsupported Feature?
ADD or PgA
supported
Yes
No
No
Yes
skip subscriber
data update?
Subscriber_Present_
HLR
Yes
No
Insert_
Subscriber_
Data_HLR
Result =
Pass?
Yes
Yes
No
Result =
Aborted?
No
Update Location
Negative Response
IDLE
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
3(3)
Process In the HLR Application

to handlle Location Updating

are to/from the VLR
True
Check_SS_
Required
False
Forward Check SS
Indication
Check_SS_
Required:=
False
Update
Location
Ack
To Process CCBS_
Coordinator_HLR
See 3GPP 23.093
Location Updating
Complete
Idle
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Procedure Insert_Subscriber_Data_HLR
1(2)
Procedure in the HLR Application for handling

the insertion of subscriber data into the VLR

to/from the VLR
Insert
Subscriber
Data
Count:=1
More Data
To Send?
3
Yes
No
Insert
Subscriber
Data
Count:=
Count + 1
WAIT_FOR_
ISD_Ack
ISD_Ack
Abort
Count:=
Count - 1
Result:=
Aborted
ISD Negative
Response
Set Negative Response

System Failure
Result:=
Fail
Figure 4.1.3.2 (sheet 1 of 2): Procedure Insert_Subscriber_Data_HLR
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
2(2)
Procedure in the HLR Application for handling

the insertion of subscriber data into the VLR

to/from the VLR
Yes
Any services not
supported
in VLR?
No
Ignore Unsupported
Service?
Yes
No
Replace Service
In VLR?
No
MSC Area
Restricted?
Yes
No
Yes
Unsupported
Service
Critical?
Replace
Service
No
Yes
Set MSC Area
Restricted
HLR Internal
Action
Count>0?
No
Yes
WAIT_FOR_
ISD_Ack
More data to
send?
Yes
No
Roaming
Restricted Due
To Unsupported
Feature=True;
MSC Area Restricted=
True
Result:=
Pass
Figure 4.1.3.2 (sheet 2 of 2): Procedure Insert_Subscriber_Data_HLR
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Process Subscriber_Present_HLR
The macro Alert_Service_Centre_HLR is specified in 3GPP TS 29.002 [8].
process Subscriber_Present_HLR
SP_HLR1(1)
Process in the HLR to

alert SMS service centres
if required as part of the
location updating process
No
Message Waiting
Data set?
Yes
Alert_Service_
Centre_HLR
See 3GPP TS 29.002
Figure 4.1.3.3: Process Subscriber_Present_HLR
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3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Procedure Control_Tracing_HLR
Procedure Control_Tracing_HLR
1(1)
Procedure for controlling

Tracing in the HLR Application
Signal to/from the

left are to/from the VLR
Subscriber Tracing
active in HLR?
Yes
Subscriber Tracing
active in VLR?
No
Subscriber in HPLMN area?
Yes
Result:=Pass
Active
Trace
Mode
WAIT_FOR_
ATM_RESULT
ATM Negative
Response
ATM_ack
Set Subscriber
Tracing Active in VLR
Set Subscriber
Tracing inactive in VLR
Report Error
To O&M Center
Result:=Pass
Failure Cause?
Provider Error
Result:=Fail
Data Error
Result:=Pass
User Error
Result:=Pass
Figure 4.1.3.4 (sheet 1 of 1): Procedure Control_Tracing_HLR
4.1.4 Detailed procedure in the CSS

4.1.4.1
Process Update_VCSG_Location_CSS
The Update_VCSG_Location_CSS process takes place when the VLR needs to register the MS with the CSS and
retrieve the CSG Subscription Data of the MS from the CSS.
The CSS receives an Update VCSG Location Request from the VLR.
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If the MS is unknown in the CSS, and if the CSS supports creating the temporary empty subscription data for the MS,
the CSS should create subscription data and sends successful update VCSG Location ACK message, otherwise the
CSS shall sends a negative Update VCSG Location response message.
If the MS is known in the CSS, the CSS stores the received VLR number and initiates the Process
Insert_VCSG_Subs_Data _CSS and at the end of the process acknowledges the Update VCSG Location request by
sending an Update VCSG Location ACK message to the VLR.
Process Update_VCSG_Location_CSS
Process in the CSS to handle
the VCSG Location Updating

are to/from the VLR
idle
Update VCSG
Locatoin Req
Check
parametes
See TS 23.018
Result=Pass?
No
Yes
Yes
Subscriber Known?
Has Subscriber Data?

No
No
No
Create Empty
Subscription Data?
Yes
Yes
Insert the VCSG

Subscriber Data
Result=
Pass?
Set negative response

Unknown Subscriber
No
Yes
Result=
Aborted?
Update VCSG
Locaton Negative
Response
Yes
Update VCSG
Locaton Ack
No
Update VCSG
Locaton Negative
Response
Update VCSG
Locaton Ack
Update VCSG
Locaton Ack
idle
Figure 4.1.4.1 (sheet 1 of 1): Process Update_VCSG_Location_CSS
4.1.4.2
Procedure Insert_VCSG_Subs_Data_CSS
Whenever the CSG subscription data is changed for a MS in the CSS, and the changes affect the CSG subscription
data stored in the VLR, the CSS initiates the Procedure Insert_VCSG_Subs_Data_CSS.
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The Procedure Insert_VCSG_Subs_Data_CSS is also triggered by the Update_VCSG_Location_CSS process as

specified in subclause 4.1.4.1.
When executing this procedure, the CSS sends an Insert VCSG Subscriber Data Request containing the CSG
Subscription Data of the MS to the VLR and waits for the response from the VLR.
If the VLR successfully updates the received CSG Subscription Data from the CSS, it acknowledges the Insert VCSG
Subscriber Data Request by returning an Insert VCSG Subscriber Data Ack. The CSS may wait for each request to be
acknowledged before it ends the procedure.
If the CSS receives a negative response from the VLR, it sets the result with failure cause and ends this procedure.
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1(2)
Procedure in the CSS for handling

the insertion of VCSG subscriber data
in to the VLR

to/from the VLR
Insert VCSG
Subscriber Data
Count:=1
2
Yes
More Data
To Send?
No
Insert VCSG
Subscriber
Data
Count:=
Count+1
WAIT_For_
IVSD_Ack
IVSD_Ack
Count:=
Count-1
IVSD Negative
Response
Abort
Result:=
Aborted
Set Negative Response

System Failure
Result:=
Fail
Figure 4.1.4.2 (sheet 1 of 2): Procedure Insert_VCSG_Subs_Data_CSS
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2(2)
Procedure in the CSS for handling

the insertion of VCSG subscriber data
in to the VLR

to/from the VLR
Count>0?
No
Yes
WAIT_FOR_
IVSD_Ack
More data
to send?
Yes
No
Result:=
Pass
Figure 4.1.4.2 (sheet 2 of 2): Procedure Insert_VCSG_Subs_Data_CSS
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4.2 Location Cancellation

4.2.1.1
Process Cancel_Location_VLR

Sheet 1: If supported by the VLR, the "Subscriber data dormant" flag shall be set to true to allow triggering
Mobile Terminating Roaming Retry. A VLR not supporting this flag shall behave as if the flag is set to false.
Sheet 1: A VLR not supporting the Mobile Terminating Roaming Retry feature and the Mobile
Terminating Roaming Forwarding fearture (see 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a]) may not send Cancel Location
to MSC.
Sheet 1: A VLR supporting the Mobile Terminating Roaming Retry feature sets the "Cancel Location received"
flag to true when receiving the Cancel Location message from the HLR. This is used to determine whether to trigger
MT roaming retry upon receipt of an incoming call, see subclause 7.3.2.1 of 3GPP TS 23.018 [5a].
Sheet 1: A VLR supporting the Mobile Terminating Roaming Forwarding feature may include
the MTRF Supported And Authorized flag or the MTRF Supported And Not Authorized flag in
the Cancel Location message it sends to the MSC if received in the Cancel Location message
from the HLR.
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p r o c e s s C a n c e l_ L o c a tio n _ V L R
1 (2 )
H a n d li n g o f C a n c e l L o c a t i o n
in th e V L R
S ig n a ls t o / f r o m t h e r i g h t
a r e t o / f r o m th e H L R ; s ig n a ls
t o /fr o m t h e le ft a re t o /fr o m
th e M S C
C a n c e l la ti o n T y p e = Y e s
S u b s c r ip t io n W it h d r a w n
No
M S R N a ll o c a t e d
a n d C F N R a c t iv e
I d le
No
C a n c e l L o c a tio n
s e t S u b s c r ib e r
d a ta d o rm a n t := tru e
C h e c k _ P a ra m e te rs
S e e T S 2 3 .0 1 8
s e t C a n c e l L o c a tio n
r e c e iv e d : = tr u e
R e s u lt =
P ass?
M a r k s u b s c rib e r
d e ta c h e d
c o n f ig u r a b le
v a lu e ,
e . g . 2 m in
No
Yes
S u b s c r ib e r
r e g is t e r e d
S ta r t T im e r
Tx
No
Yes
d e la y e d d e le tio n
o f s u b s c r ib e r
r e c o r d s u p p o r te d
R e le a s e
TM SI
Yes
No
C a n c e l L o c a tio n a c k
D e le t e
s u b s c r ib e r
fro m re g is te r
W a it f o r
t im e o u t
S e n d In f o
fo r in c o m m in g
c a ll ( M S R N )
t im e o u t
Tx
U p d a te
L o c a t io n
A re a
R e le a s e
TM SI
n e g a t iv e
re s p o n s e
C a n c e l L o c a tio n a c k
S t o p t im e r
Tx
S t o p t im e r
Tx
I d le
I d le
D e le t e
s u b s c r ib e r
fro m re g is te r
Figure 4.2.1.1 (Sheet 1 of 2): Process Cancel_Location_VLR
3GPP
Release 11
55
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
process Cancel_Location_VLR
2(2)
Handling of Cancel Location

in the VLR
MT Roaming
Retry supported
Yes
No
GMSC supports
MT Roaming Retry
No
Yes
set MT Roaming
Retry Indicator
perform
call forwarding
Send Info for

Incoming Call Ack
Figure 4.2.1.1 (Sheet 2 of 2): Process Cancel_Location_VLR
3GPP
Release 11
56
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

4.2.2.1
Process Cancel_Location_HLR
Process Cancel_Location_HLR
1(1)
Process in the HLR application to initiate

cancellation of location registration
in a VLR

are to/from the VLR
Cancel
Location
WAIT_FOR_
ACK
Cancel
Location
Ack
Abort
Cancel
Location
Negative Response
Repeat Location
Cancellation?
Yes
Wait for time

expiry
Figure 4.2.2.1: Process Cancel_Location_HLR
3GPP
No
Release 11
57
4.2A VCSG Location Cancellation

4.2A.1 Detailed procedure in the VLR
4.2A.1.1
Process Cancel_VCSG Location_VLR
3GPP
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Release 11
58
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Figure 4.2A.1.1 (Sheet 1 of 1): Process Cancel_VCSG_Location_VLR
3GPP
Release 11
59
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
4.2A.2 Detailed procedure in the CSS

4.2A.2.1
Process Cancel_VCSG Location
If the CSS determines to delete the registration of the MS which does not have the valid CSG subscription data, the
CSS shall send the Cancel VCSG Location to the VLR.
NOTE:
How the CSS determines when to remove the registration of the MS is implementation dependent.
Figure 4.2A.2.1: Process Cancel_Location_CSS
3GPP
Release 11
60
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
4.3 Detach IMSI

4.3.1 Detailed procedure in the MSC
4.3.1.1
Process Detach_IMSI_MSC
Process Detach_IMSI_MSC
1(1)
Process in the MSC to

handle an IMSI detach

are to/from the BSS
are to/from the VLR
Idle
IMSI detach
Explicit
IMSI detach
Idle
Figure 4.3.1.1 (Sheet 1 of 1): Process Detach_IMSI_MSC
3GPP
Release 11
61
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

4.3.2.1
Process Detach_IMSI_VLR
The signal "Authenticated Radio Contact Terminated" is sent to Process Detach_IMSI_VLR from RR handling in the
MSC whenever authenticated radio contact is terminated, e.g. at the release of a call.
The procedure "Notify_gsmSCF" is specified in 3GPP TS 23.078 [11]. The "Notify" parameter indicates whether the
IMSI detach was explicit or implicit.
3GPP
Release 11
62
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Process Detach_IMSI_VLR
1(1)
Process in the VLR to

handle an Detach IMSI
timer

are to/from the MSC
unless marked otherwise
are to/from the detach
timer
From Process Update_

Location_Area_VLR or
Procedure Process_
Access_Request
Authenticated
Radio Contact
Established
From VLR application

when IMEI check
failed
Idle
Authenticated
Radio Contact
terminated
IMEI check
fail
Timer
Expired
Explicit
IMSI detach
Notify = implicit
IMSI detach
Notify_gsmSCF
Stop timer
Reload timer
Idle
IMSI Detached
=False
IMSI Detached
=True
Restart timer
Stop timer
Idle
Idle
Notify = explicit
IMSI detach
Procedure defined
in 3G TS 23.078
Figure 4.3.1.1 (Sheet 1 of 1): Process Detach_IMSI_VLR
3GPP
Release 11
63
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
4.4 Purge MS
4.4.1.1
Procedure Purge_MS_VLR
Sheet 1: The procedure Purge_MS_In_Serving_Network_Entity is specific to Super-Charger; it is specified in 3GPP

TS 23.116 [7]. If the VLR and the originating HLR support the Super-Charger functionality, processing continues from
the "Yes" exit of the test "Result=Pass?".
3GPP
Release 11
64
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Process Purge_MS_VLR
1(1)
Process in the VLR

to purge MS.
are to/from the HLR
are to/from the Operation &
Maintenance Centre
Idle
O&M Purge MS
Purge_MS_In_
Serving_Network_
Entity
Yes
See TS 23.116
Result:= Pass?
No
Purge MS
WAIT_FOR_
ACK
Purge_MS
negative
response
Purge MS
Ack
Delete
Subscriber
Data
TMSI to be
frozen?
Set
Purge
Failed
Yes
No
Freeze
TMSI
Set
Purging
Successful
O&M Purge MS
negative
response
O&M Purge MS
ack
Idle
Idle
Figure 4.4.1.1 (Sheet 1 of 1): Procedure Purge_MS_VLR
3GPP
Release 11
65
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

4.4.2.1
Process Purge_MS_HLR

If the received VLR number and the stored VLR number do not match, the HLR sends Purge MS ack containing an
empty result to indicate successful outcome. Since the MS is known by the HLR to be in a different VLR area, it is not
appropriate to block mobile terminated calls or short messages to the MS, but the VLR which initiated the purging
procedure can safely purge its record for the MS without freezing the TMSI.
If the received SGSN number and the stored SGSN number do not match, the HLR sends a Purge MS ack containing
an empty result to indicate successful outcome. Since the MS is known by the HLR to be in a different SGSN area, it is
not appropriate to block short messages to the MS, but the SGSN which initiated the purging procedure can safely
purge its record for the MS without freezing the P-TMSI.
3GPP
Release 11
66
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Process Purge_MS_HLR
1(1)
Process in the HLR Application

for handling the purging of MS
data from a VLR

are to/from the VLR
Idle
Purge MS
Check_
Parameters
See TS 23.018
No
Result=
Pass?
No
Yes
Purge MS
Negative
Response
Subscriber
Known?
Yes
Received VLR No. =
Stored VLR No.?
Idle
No
Yes
Set Negative Response=
Unknown Susbcriber
Set Flag MS
Purged for nonGPRS
Report Error
to O&M
Set Flag
Freeze TMSI
Purge MS
Negative Response
Received SGSN No. =

Stored SGSN No.?
Yes
No
Idle
Set Flag MS
Purged for GPRS
Set Flag
Freeze P-TMSI
Purge MS
Ack.
Idle
Figure 4.4.2.1 (Sheet 1 of 1): Procedure Purge_MS_HLR
3GPP
Release 11
67
Annex A (informative):
Change history
3GPP
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Release 11
68
Change history
<Phase> New Version
TSG CN#
Spec
Version
CR
Apr 1999 GSM 03.12 6.0.0
CN#03
23.012
CN#06
23.012
3.0.0
001r1
R99
3.0.0
3.1.0
CN#06
CN#07
23.012
23.012
3.0.0
3.1.0
002
003r3
R99
R99
3.1.0
3.2.0
CN#07
23.012
3.1.0
004
R99
3.2.0
CN#07
23.012
23.012
3.1.0
3.2.0
005
R99
R99
3.2.0
3.2.1
CN#08
23.012
3.2.1
006
R99
3.3.0
CN#11
CN#11
23.012
23.012
3.3.0
4.0.0
008r1
Rel-4
Rel-5
4.0.0
5.0.0
CN#20
23.012
5.0.0
010r1
Rel-5
5.1.0
CN#21
23.012
5.1.0
012
Rel-5
5.2.0
CN#21
CN#23
23.012
23.012
5.1.0
5.2.0
013r1
014r1
Rel-5
Rel-6
5.2.0
6.0.0
CN#24
CN#25
23.012
23.012
6.0.0
6.2.0
015r6
016r1
Rel-6
Rel-6
6.1.0
6.2.0
CN#27
23.012
6.2.0
018r2
Rel-6
6.3.0
CN#27
CT#31
23.012
23.012
6.2.0
6.3.0
018r2
0020
Rel-6
Rel-7
6.3.0
7.0.0
CT#32
CT#32
23.012
23.012
7.0.0
7.0.0
0022
0021
Rel-7
Rel-7
7.1.0
7.1.0
CT#34
23.012
7.1.0
0024r1
Rel-7
7.2.0
CT#36
23.012
7.2.0
0026r2
Rel-7
7.3.0
CT#40
CT#42
23.012
23.012
7.3.0
8.0.0
0027r1
0029
Rel-8
Rel-8
8.0.0
8.1.0
CT#44
CT#46
CT#49
23.012
23.012
8.1.0
8.2.0
9.0.0
0030r1
0034r4
Rel-8
Rel-9
8.2.0
9.0.0
9.1.0
CT#51
CT#51
CT#52
CT#52
23.012
23.012
23.012
23.012
9.1.0
9.1.0
10.0.0
10.0.0
0035r1
0036r1
0037r1
0038r2
Rel-10
Rel-10
Rel-10
Rel-10
10.0.0
10.0.0
10.1.0
10.1.0
CT#56
23.012
10.1.0
0040r2
Rel-11
11.0.0
CT#57
CT#57
23.012
23.012
11.0.0
11.0.0
0041r1
0042r2
Rel-11
Rel-11
11.1.0
11.1.0
CT#57
23.012
11.0.0
0043r1
Rel-11
11.1.0
CT#58
23.012
23.012
11.1.0
11.1.1
0044r2
Rel-11
Rel-11
11.1.1
11.2.0
3GPP
3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)
Subject/Comment
Transferred to 3GPP CN1
Approved at CN#03
Restructuring of MAP Location Management
Procedures, Stage 2
Introduction of Super-Charger into TS 23.012
Introduction of Enhanced User Identity
Confidentiality
Addition of Current Security Context Data to
Send_Identification_PVLR
Introduction of Authentication Failure Report
CR 23.012-003r3 removed because
implemented in error
Introduction of Mobility Management event
notification into 23.012 procedures
Release 4 after CN#11
Relaying of SendIdentification when IuFlex is
applied
Addition of procedure to retrieve UE-specific
behaviour data
Correction of misaligned signal names between
VLR and PVLR
Corrections to "Early UE" handling
Include administrative restriction subscription
parameter
Addition of ADD feature
Clarification of the Automatic Device Detection
feature
Introduction of Hop Counter for Send
Identification
Management Based Activation Impacts
Enhancement of the administrative restriction
of subscribers access feature
Use of cause #12 in VPLMNs
Skipping Update Location and Control Tracing
for SkipSubscriberData
Change to CANCEL_LOCATION procedure in
VLR
Mobile Termination whilst the MS is moving to
another MSC
Paging optimization with A/Iu flex
TMSI re-allocation during Location Updating
Reject with cause #13 or #15
MAP Update Location w/o the PgA parameter
Update to Rel-9 version (MCC)
Correction to Tracing Control Handling
Behaviour of HLR in CS Domain
MT Roaming Retry and Super Charger
Mobile Terminating Roaming Forwarding
Periodic LAU timer in HSS subscription
Inclusion of congestion control and back-off
timer for CS attach requests
Retrieval of VPLMN CSG subscription
information for CS domain
Cancel VCSG Location
Temporary empty CSG subscription data
Indicator
Support for MSC in Pool to avoid dual VLR
registration
Missing SDLs added
MSISDN-less UEs

3GPP TS 23.012

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3rd Generation Partnership Project;

Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals;

3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

GSM, UMTS, network, location, management

3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

General procedures in the network related to Location Management.......................................................

Detailed Procedures in the network related to Location Management....................................................

3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

3GPP TR 21.905: "3G Vocabulary".

3GPP TS 23.002: "Network architecture".

3GPP TS 23.003: "Numbering, addressing and identification".

3GPP TS 23.007: "Restoration procedures".

3GPP TS 23.008: "Organization of subscriber data".

3GPP TS 23.018: "Basic call handling; Technical realization".

3GPP TS 23.022: "Functions related to Mobile Station (MS) in idle mode".

3GPP TS 23.116: "Super-Charger Technical Realisation; Stage 2".

3GPP TS 29.002: "Mobile Application Part (MAP) specification".

3GPP TS 43.020: "Security related network functions".

3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

3GPP TS 23.195: "Provision of UE Specific Behaviour Information to Network Entities".

3GPP TS 23.236: "Intra Domain Connection of RAN Nodes to Multiple CN Nodes".

3GPP TS 25.413: "UTRAN Iu interface RANAP signalling".

3GPP TR 29.994: "Recommended infrastructure measures to overcome specific Mobile Station

3GPP TS 24.368: "Non-Access Stratum (NAS) configuration Management Object (MO)".

Automatic Device Detection

2.1 Location management

3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

2.2 Location area and MSC area

2.3 Location area identification

2.4 IMSI detach/attach operation

2.4.1 Explicit IMSI detach/attach

2.4.2 Implicit IMSI detach

2.6 Paging area

General procedures in the network related to

3.1 Procedures in the MSC related to Location Updating

3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

3.2 Procedures in the VLR related to Location Updating

3.3 Procedures in the HLR related to Location Updating

3.4 Normal Location Updating and IMSI detach/attach operation

3.5 IMSI enquiry procedure

3.6 Information transfer between Visitor and Home Location

Location updating procedure

This procedure is used when an MS registers with a Visitor Location Register.

Downloading of subscriber parameters to the VLR

3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

Location cancellation procedure

Mobile subscriber purging procedure

Support for subscription without MSISDN

3.7 Overload Protection

3.7.2 Congestion Control during Mobility Management

3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

3.7.3 Extended periodic LAU Signalling

3.8 Information transfer between VLR and CSG Subscriber Server

Updating VCSG Location procedure

3GPP TS 23.012 V11.2.0 (2012-12)

Downloading of VPLMN CSG subscription data to the VLR

VCSG Location cancellation procedure