CRESCENT SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

WATER FRONT
DEVELOPMENT
Assignment 2 - URBAN DESIGN

Submitted by :
AMRITA, ANUSHA, ASHRAF, JUMANA, MARIYAM, HARISH, SHEHNAZ, SAVERA,
SNEHA, VARSHINI, SAIF

URBAN DESIGN
INTRODUCTION
THE MARINA is the second longest beach in the world. Although there are
controversies that there exist several longer beaches. However, unlike
most beaches, marina is a natural sandy urban beach helping it earn the
title.
It is the most crowded beach in the country and attracts about 30,000
visitors a day.
In 2010, 18 percent of 5,000 respondents interviewed by a Trip advisor
Survey voted this beach as a dirty beach, way behind Juhu beach in
Maharashtra which was voted India's dirtiest by 65% of the respondents
Chennai is a costal metropolis and there are 84 fishermen village along
the coast.
Housing for fisherman becomes importantly particularly because the
housing has to closer to the sea. The region in the immediate
neighbourhood of the Chennai shoreline has large tracts of land occupied
by dense slum settlements almost 6936 tenements, and this site would
be the Nochikuppam, Dummingkuppam, Selvarajapuram and Foreshore
Estate.
The growth of fisherman has increased by 5% between the years 20002005 but this trend is unlikely to continue, at present there is migration of
occupation due to reasons like low income, risk factors.

HISTORY
Nochikuppam a fishing hamlet along the shoreline of marina, the origins
of settlement dates back to 1900s. Their livelihood mainly depends on
fishing.
Dummingkuppam emerged during 19th century, when people serving for
the Englishmen residing on the west side of Kamaraj salai.
Selvarajapuram and foreshore estate surfaced when government wanted
to shift the nochikuppam to foreshore estate and fishermen refused to
shift due to lack of market facilities. The low income group and
government officials got allotted the houses.

So essentially, the slums include fishermen and people of low income

group working for daily wages or menially jobs. While the south end of
the site include mixed population, people working in government offices
and other low income category.
TSUNAMI
In 2004 December 26 coastal areas of Chennai were badly affected by
Tsunami. The Tsunami was a blessing in disguise for the government,
which helped to evict the fishing communities from near the beach. The
government has promised to provide new houses for Tsunami effected
fishermen. Under the Tsunami rehabilitation housing project, World Bank
has built 1,452 houses here. Although the houses were built for
fishermen, the Tamil Nadu government had not allotted them until ten
months ago.
DCR

In situ rehab scheme - D.C.R 33(10)

Rehabilitation is done at the site of slum

Tenements for Project Affected - D.C.R 33(10) clause 3.11 Person

(PAP) scheme

This scheme is meant for slum dwellers whose rehabilitation is not

possible in-situ due to Land required for projects like road, bridges,
airport, drainage, etc.

Permanent Transit Tenement -D.C.R 33(14)D

Permanent Transit Camp (PTC) Tenement are constructed in situ by the

land owner in lieu of incentive FSI scheme.
Slum

Redevelopment

DCR

33/10]

The total jurisdiction of Greater Chennai is 1,189 km and is home to a

population of more than 4.7 million people. Of this 25% , live in slums.
The contribution of slum dwellers to the citys economy as industrial
workers, construction labour, domestic helpers, rag- pickers and in a
whole range of petty traders like vegetable and fruit sellers numbering
more than three lakhs.

As we are aware there are political, economical and cultural complications

with the people.
What it implies essentially is the settlement majorly emerged as there
were opportunities of livelihood around the area. And thus the relocation
has become difficult.
The slum dwellers, however, were essential players in voting process for
elections of representatives to local bodies, state assembly and the
parliament.
The fishing community contributes 40% of Indias national income. It was
therefore decided to offer the protection to them.

A new legislation known as Slum Act was introduced.

The encroachment on the government and private land was regularized
and protected till 1986 and ultimately till 1995.
The Indian constitution guarantees to its citizens certain fundamental
rights. One of such fundamental rights is right to Life. The right to life
includes the right to shelter. The living in shelter will not be meaningful till
the structure is not of certain size. The size of the structure will be usable
only when it has the basic amenities such as the potable clean drinking
water, structural strength; proper sewerage disposal, electricity and such
societal life as would promote the growth of the spiritual faculties of the
individual.
The attainment of such objectives, it was deliberated, is difficult to
achieve unless, the entire pocket of slums is subjected to redevelopment.
The adequate size of the structure in redeveloped buildings, prior to year
1995, was thought to be 180 Sq. feet. But the amendment in 1995
enlarged it to 225 Sq. Feet. By now in 2010 it is 269 Sq. Feet. It is till
beyond the expectation of slum dwellers who want it to be extended to
400
Sq.
Feet
While the FSI in city is 1.33 and in the suburbs was 1, the FSI in case of
redevelopment of the Slums is prescribed to be 2.5.

JUSTIFICATION TO THE SITE

Chennai city has slum population of 819,872 which constitutes about 19%
of the city population.
The slums of Nochikuppam, DummingKuppam and foreshore estate
constitutes 30%-40% to total population of the city according to 2001
survey.
The marina features numerous monuments statues along the promenade,
While the western side is dotted with various governmental intuitions and
Historic and stately building form the British rule all along its length.
There is huge legacy to the beach and such fame and importance it
carries, politically, economically and culturally while this stretch of 1.8km
lacks attention or holds attention for all the negative aspect. These people
lack basic hygiene and there is gap between households and housing
units.
We endeavour to contemplate over as to why this drastic fall back in the
symbolism of the marina legacy.

ANALYSIS
OBSERVATIONS FROM SITE
AGE OF THE BUILDINGS
The residence of Nochikuppam and parts of Foreshore Estate dates back
to 1970s these building are easily 50-60 years old. Several buildings of
Nochikuppam are dilapidated and are unsafe for residing. Three Blocks of
Nochikuppam (76-80) are abandoned and six blocks are severely ruined.
Few buildings in the pockets were constructed 30-40 years, when there
was migration on population.
The buildings of Nochi Nagar are fairly new, constructed three-four years
back, under Tsunami Rehabilitation Program with World Bank fund. Also
the temporary shelters were around the time for transit/ temporary
residents for the people.

HEIGHT OF THE BUILDING

Largely the houses are single storey, both kuchha and pucca houses. The
housing board built in 1972 in Nochikuppam is a two storey structure, and
housing board built in Foreshore Estate for relocation of slums is two
storey structures.
The maximum height according to coastal regulation and DCR is 9m, but
the Housing built during ETRP is stilt + three storeys, the exemption from
OWNERSHIP
Chiefly most of the buildings are encroachments, although they have been
illegally rented out to relatives or far of family members. The housing
boards, ETRP are built by the Slum clearance board and are government
owned building. Privatization of this land would fetch government major
revenue, but these low income group people do not pay tax and require
lot of relaxation on taxation and entail to basic amenities at low budget.
TOPOGRAPHY
Theres perennial overflow of sullage water from the abutting slum
clearance board tenements/hutments the existing road does not have
proper drainage facilities. There is no proper flow of storm water or
sewage water. But naturally the site gradually slopes from north to south,
also drains into the sea on eastern side.
LANDUSE
This expanse is largely the residential area with 25% commercial which
includes the fish market and small scale food vendors and shops. Largely
lacks recreational spaces which are at currently transit site for the new
construction housing project of Nochikuppamkuppam and rear part of
Dummingkuppam. Although the settlement started as fishing hamlet the
occupation of people diversified over the years, currently only 20% of the
stretch go fishing, but 85% population of Nochikuppam depend on fishing.
The rest of the inhabitants work in different fields, their occupation varies

from low paid jobs like house maids to officials in Taj. There is pocket of
government staff housing with is about 10% of the total population.
When asked if they would relocate, this would change the land use
pattern of the location. 30% of the populace refuse to shift the location
for most obvious reason being their livelihood, difficulties to commute for
job, lineage and other sentimental reason were hardly considered because
of poor standards of living conditions.
The temporary shelters made of aluminium and gypsum, constructed for
emergency rehabilitation for tsunami survivors, these shelters have not
been removed long after tsunami because they are transit site for the new
proposal by the government.
These encroachments between the housing boards of Nochikuppam. They
have been promised allotment in the proposal for slum clearance project.
CONTROVERSIES
ISSUES
The entire land in city, once upon time, belonged to the government and
government statutory authorities. These statutory land owning authorities
till 1970s, sought to demolish slums and clear land of encroachment. This
deterrent policy did not yield desired results as the slum dwellers simply
refused to move or reoccupied.
There has been long standing issue with the relocation of the slums of
marina, since 1970 Tamil Nadu government has been trying to relocate
them to different locations as they want to develop this as tourist place.
The new locations were not convenient for the fishermen, as they are far
away from the sea and also from the city.
Unable to relocate them, to develop fishing community, government built
the housing for fishermen in 1972 in Nochikuppam.
Disputes with dwellers for relocation and allotment of houses

Multiple allotments for same family

Renting/selling to a third party

Name change with the allotment

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

If the marina beautification project be executed, modernized and its
facilities improved, the 82000 slum families will have to be humanely
rehabilitated. The sheer scale of the rehabilitation, almost similar to an
urban renewal scheme, threw up many challenges:

Avoid loss of livelihood

Minimise footprint

Incorporate community needs

Multidimensional and flexibility

Special planning- social amenities and infrastructure

Approval changes in CRZ, CMDA

FINANCIAL CHALLENGES
o Delay of payment due to change in political leaders
o Failure of public-private partnership, people are not ready to offer
eastward region. With only which private organisation can increase
tourist attraction and bring in revenue.
o Funds are majorly grant basis, government or any institutional body
willing to investment does not get any returns.
INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES
o NON-existent of institutional memory

o Poor transfer of information

o Poor documentation of process and implementation
o Lack of awareness and community participation
o Lacks timeline of the projects.

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
o Height restrictions of buildings on shoreline
o No compound wall facing the sea
o Reduce the hard pavement
o Minimise the lights on city line- Sea turtle

STRENGTH:

-Living next to the sea shore, fresh environment marks thier strength.
-Having natural sea breeze, the need of electrical air conditioning is null
-Since the markets are presnt next to the residence, peoples livelihood is
easy and there is less travel between the workspace and home.
THREATS:

-Great risk of disaster

-Structures built within HTL and LTL
-political conflicts

-Slum area might extend

OPPORTUNITIES:

-Sea front development

-Proper proposals for fishing development would increase the living
standard of the people

WEAKNESS:

-Unhygienic ambience created due to poor living standards and improper

drainage systems -Unplanned structures are scattered in-between open
spaces
-land encroachment
-location incompatibility
-temporary/semi-permanent structures
-absence/inadequacy of basic amenities
-social inacceptance in shifting of places

UD terms :

WAYFINDING
Way finding is a kind of spatial riddle that people encounter daily. We travel through the
environment to reach places that satisfy our needs. Successful travel requires that we know
where to go and how to get there; it also requires that we move along intended route in
intended direction without having accidents or getting unnecessarily delayed. The place is
said to be wayfindingly manageable, whenever a way-seeker successfully navigates the
task.The concept of wayfinding is an important part of any well designed environment.

The discipline of wayfinding combines design, engineering, science and psychology to shape
user behaviour. Architecture, signage, urban elements, and public art are all used in
wayfinding to create positive user experiences.When one starts to consider and understand
wayfinding is not signage or environmental graphic design, the designer is then freed to
consider the needs of the user and develop a number of solutions to improve the experience.
PRINCIPLES OF WAYFINDING :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Create an identity at each location, different from all others.

Use landmarks to provide orientation cues and memorable locations.
Create well-structured paths.
Create regions of differing visual character.
Don't give the user too many choices in navigation.
Use survey views (give navigators a vista or map).
Provide signs at decision points to help wayfinding decisions.
Use sight lines to show what's ahead.

COMPONENTS OF WAYFINDING :
The components of wayfinding fall under 6 main categories; environment, urban elements,
signage, interactive, brand and user experience. By combining all of the components
effectively a wayfindingmasterplan live up to its goals; welcome, direct, inform, orient and
create a positive user experience.
Wayfinding can be construed as the art and science of using signs, symbols, maps, and other
two and three-dimensional informational, directional, and architectural elements to create a
system to guide people to and through a place or destination.

Panaji city is an historical and cultural capital of Goa State. The

city had a population of 59,066 persons which spreads over an area of
8.12sq.kms, with a density of 7274 persons per sq.km. It was a small fishing
village with lots of coconut trees, creeks and fields. The city is an IndoPortuguese cultural heritage city and is situated on the bank of river Mandovi. It
is famous for its natural scenic beauty, exuberant greenery, attractive beaches,
temples, churches and distinctive neo-classic architecture. It has many
monuments, heritage buildings, precincts and sites of architectural and historical
importance. There are many heritage areas/precincts namely Campal heritage
precinct, the Massano do Amorim heritage precinct, the and Mala Fontainhas
and these areas have come under great threat of new developments.

CAMPAL HERITAGE PRECINCT:

The precincts predominant land use is residential and
commercial uses, which starts from the end of the medical college and the road
that leads to Campal is now called Dayan and Bandodkar Marg. Unlike other
areas of Panaji, the Campal heritage area is unique in its nature and
characteristics. The street pattern consists of a grid iron pattern and only
residential houses fully self sufficient in their needs and demands. Every house
is different in its character, accessible with well tarred roads, parking space and
compound is housed with ornamental railings carved in stones, and a distinct
construction technology used to construct these houses.
Campal lies along river Mandovi and predominantly a
residential area, occupied by higher economic group of population. The area is
serene and tranquil away from the main hub of activity.

PLANNING STARTEGIES FOR CONSERVATION CAMPAL:

a) The area needs Heritage Conservation Management Plan to identify, develop,

and maintain the heritage buildings or structures of high significant value.
b) Campal precinct needs Heritage Inventory Assessment for identification of
heritage buildings or structures of high significance.

c) The character is to be preserved in all the identified and listed heritage

buildings in the precinct.
d) The streets which are having single storey buildings need to be preserved or
conserved.
e) Steps to be taken for maintaining the listed heritage buildings and
encouraging the restoration of street frontages.
f) Ensuring alterations and additions for maintaining the architectural integrity
of listed heritage buildings and also enhancing the appearance of non-listed
buildings in line with the general streetscape.
g) The safety measures like gated community to be introduced in view of the
area being small and protection for their invaluable heritage structures of high
significance.
h) Parking restrictions are to be imposed in the precinct.
i) Abandoned and dilapidated structures shall be restored by providing financial
assistance and incentives to the owners in form of tax rebate, concessions etc.,
by the Local Authority with the assistance of state government so that the
structures of significant value could be restored or preserved and managed.
j) Special Grants may be obtained from State and Central governments for
getting finance for up-keeping of these buildings, developing streetscape and
street furniture and landscaping by encouraging Public-Private-PeoplePartnerships joint ventures with a formula: Government- 50% : owner -50%.
k) Visitors parking place, cafeteria, entry and exit is the need of the hour. And
such works/activities to be allotted to the local residents of the place only.
l) Entry tickets shall be made compulsory for the heritage tourism and revenue
generated to be used for the maintenance of the area.
m) Garden that facing the heritage precinct to be developed and maintained.
n) Modern and non-harmonious buildings in the areas are to be discouraged by
proper development control in the area. After proper assessment of building
condition,

HERITAGE BASED URBAN DESIGN PROJECT

CAMPAL HERITAGE PROJECT,PANAJI

Y.JUMANA SHREEN SANOFAR

1010013

WATERSCAPE

A landscape where the element of water covers and plays a major part is known
as waterscapes. It concentrates on introducing water features and water courses
into the landscaping of an area. These water features create a sense of serenity
and a focal point in your landscape. The rationale behind creating waterscapes is
to produce sustainable and beautiful urban spaces where people can engage with
the pleasures of water.
For all of history, people depended on fresh water, so its source was always an
important place - where people gathered, settlements flourished, and cities were
established. Within towns or cities, then, fountains typically designate important
urban places. Even today, when most cities do not rely on public fountains for
their water supplies, fountains still become focal points in communities.
Therefore, the types of experiences offered by waterscapes can contribute to
creating a better understanding of the relationship between water and our urban
environments.
On one hand they can be natural elements that penetrate the city (rivers, lakes or
the sea) which are taken into consideration in order to form the urban shape. On
the other hand, waterscapes can be constructed by the addition of ponds,
waterfalls and water features are for example inherent to the completion of any
office, landscaped garden, entertainment area or focal point. These two
categories can as well be combined. In both cases, making use of dynamic
natural processes, the designed urban landscapes will work as artificial
ecologies.

Water elements are broadly classified on their flow as jetting water, flowing
water and still water. A water feature is one or more items from a range
of fountains, pools, ponds, cascades, waterfalls, and streams. They help in
reduced noise pollution due to the sound of water overpowering outside noise
and improved air quality.
A dramatic waterfall or a quiet pond, water features provides a focal point and
sooths the soul. Water feature provides delightful background music and covers
traffic noise. It relaxes people, it is good alternative for relaxation and helps
remove stress from outdoor noise.
Water features play a huge role in the element of landscape design known to add
a soft and pleasing touch to the elements within. The undefined relation of water
and users with its added advantage give way to the rise of use and innovation of
water elements more and more.

Rapid Urban Revitalisation

Rapid Urban Revitalisation projects are fast, fun and low-cost ways to create physical improvements for spaces, while also
building long lasting social networks. The process of Rapid Urban Revitalisation involves mobilising local communities to
vision, design and implement temporary public space improvements that can be achieved in the space of a weekend. Using
everyday materials such as chalk, chairs, AstroTurf and plastic bags, communities have the opportunity, often for the first
time, to test and prototype ways their neighbourhood can be improved. Using a highly interactive workshop methodology,
CoDesign Studio steps participants through the design process.
This grass-roots approach moves away from traditional urban renewal projects, where designs are created by external
consultants and local governments and instead asks communities to be their own expert.
Rapid Urban Revitalisation projects have immediate physical outcomes, but the interactive process builds long lasting social
impact for participants, by empowering communities with an understanding of how to influence their neighbourhood,
establishing new social relationships, and create positive social change.
Specifically Rapid Urban Revitalisation projects can:

Increase community participation through a process that enables participants to understand their built environment
and to create change in their neighbourhood.

Enhance the physical environment through practical neighbourhood improvements.

Generate social capital through an interactive workshop methodology that brings diverse stakeholders together,
and builds positive and mutually beneficial relationships between the community and council.

Specific applications and services:

Training workshops

Revitalisation of under-utilised spaces

Activation of vacant lots or temporary activation of spaces awaiting future development

Prototyping future parks, streets or community infrastructure developments to test how local residents will use
and engage with the infrastructure.

Community engagement

Fast facts

Location: Bounded by Lichfield Street, Manchester Street, Tuam Street and Colombo Street, Christchurch
Project type: Revitalisation of historic commercial buildings and spaces to create a mixed
use accommodation, retail and entertainment quarter
Revitalisation project timeframes: 20042008
Property developer and owner: Property Ventures Ltd, Christchurch
Website link: http://www.sol.net.nz
Case study researcher: Janet Reeves, Context Urban Design Ltd

Key statistics

Site area: 5,500m

Approximate percentages of use mix:
Retail floorspace: 12 percent
Hospitality floorspace: 25 percent
Office floorspace: 33 percent
Number of residential units: 77

Introduction
The South of Lichfield lanes revitalisation project is located in the old warehouse district to the south-east of Cathedral
Square in central Christchurch. This area contains a wealth of historic character buildings. The buildings typically have
decorative faades that face onto the main streets, with rear plain-brick walls facing onto a network of lanes and
service yards. In the 1990s, many of these character buildings were empty or neglected and the lanes rundown.
Several studies recognised the potential of these historic warehouse buildings, such as the 1998 study of the blocks
east of Manchester Street, prepared for Christchurch City Council (the Council). However, there was little enthusiasm
from developers for pursuing these revitalisation ideas because of the complex nature of multiple ownership and lack
of financial support from the Council.
Between 1998 and 2004, the Council continued to explore ways to revitalise this area, and some-small scale,
piecemeal redevelopment of existing buildings occurred in the area. At this time, the Council also set up a facelift
project for historic buildings and streetscapes (the High Street Heritage Project) in the southern stretch of High Street,
running diagonally across the main street grid to the east of Manchester Street and the South of Lichfield project area.
The Council worked with owners to remove excess wiring, signage and unsightly fire escapes, repaint buildings and
renew lighting.
The High Street Heritage Project was completed in 2002 and came at a time when High Street was starting to be
transformed from an underused secondary shopping street into an upmarket street, with independent fashion
boutiques and cafs on the ground floor buildings and residential and other uses on the upper floors. The adjoining
Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology added its own vibrancy to the area by introducing fashion and jazz
schools on the corner of Tuam and High Streets. In addition, private developers began to accumulate land to the east
and west of Manchester Street.
In March 2006, the Council held a week-long Future Directions charrette exploring opportunities for revitalising the
whole central city area south of Lichfield Street and east of Colombo Street, around 10 street blocks. The South of
Lichfield block was in the north-western corner of the Future Directions charrette area. The outcome was 22 council
actions to stimulate revitalisation.
A Central City Lanes Plan was adopted by the Council in 2007. It covers the network of lanes in the Christchurch
central city, including those in the South of Lichfield area. The Lanes Plan sets out how to administer requests to
improve or create back lanes running through the primary city blocks.