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Design of A Solar Tracking System For Renewable Energy

The document discusses designing a solar tracking system using light dependent resistors (LDRs) to sense changes in the sun's position and signal a control circuit to adjust the position of solar panels accordingly. LDR1 detects changes in the sun's position and signals the control circuit to run a motor in the forward direction to adjust the panel position. LDR2 detects sunset and signals the control circuit to run the motor in reverse until a prox switch is activated, displaying the panel position on an LCD. The system aims to maximize solar energy collection by adjusting the panel orientation to always face the sun.

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53 views4 pages

Design of A Solar Tracking System For Renewable Energy

The document discusses designing a solar tracking system using light dependent resistors (LDRs) to sense changes in the sun's position and signal a control circuit to adjust the position of solar panels accordingly. LDR1 detects changes in the sun's position and signals the control circuit to run a motor in the forward direction to adjust the panel position. LDR2 detects sunset and signals the control circuit to run the motor in reverse until a prox switch is activated, displaying the panel position on an LCD. The system aims to maximize solar energy collection by adjusting the panel orientation to always face the sun.

Uploaded by

balabooks
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DESIGN OF A SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM FOR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

ABSTRACT
MPPT algorithms are necessary because PV arrays have a non linear voltage-current
characteristic with a unique point where the power produced is maximum. This point depends on
the temperature of the panels and on the irradiance conditions. Both conditions change during the
day and are also different depending on the season of the year. Furthermore, irradiation can
change rapidly due to changing atmospheric conditions such as clouds. It is very important to
track the MPP accurately under all possible conditions so that the maximum available power is
always obtained.
The well-known perturb and observe (P&O) method for photovoltaic (PV) maximum
power point tracking (MPPT) has been extensively used in practical application because of
simple in idea and implementation. However, as reported by Wasynezuk, the P&O method is not
able to track peak it cannot quickly follow the change of PV characteristic and the change of
disturbed PV voltage (Vpv). An incremental conductance (INC) MPPT method that is
implemented by detecting the harmonic components of the PV module voltage and current was
first proposed to track accurately the peak power of PV systems that are subjected to random
variations in isolation.
The Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) 1 senses the change in the suns position and gives
signal to the control circuit in order to tackle the change in the position of the solar panel. The
control circuit gives signal to run the motor in forward direction. LDR 2 detects the sun set and
gives signal to the control circuit to run the motor in reverse direction until the proxy switch gets
activated. The position of the panel will be displayed in LCD at which LDR is absorbing the
energy from the sun.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A HIGH-EFFICIENCY, HIGH-LIFETIME,


AND LOW-COST CONVERTER FOR AN AUTONOMOUS
PHOTOVOLTAIC WATER PUMPING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

Real-Time Automation of Agricultural Environment for Social Modernization of


Indian Agricultural System attracts great attention these days. Efficient water
management is a major concern in many cropping systems in semi-arid and arid
areas. Distributed in-field sensor-based irrigation systems offer a potential solution
to support site-specific irrigation management that allows producers to maximize
their productivity while saving water.

Design and instrumentation of variable rate irrigation, a wireless sensor


network, and software for real-time in-field sensing and control of a site-specific
precision linear-move irrigation system is discussed here. The crop field area can be
monitored without human interaction. Sensors are the essential device for precision
agricultural applications. In this paper we have detailed about how to utilize the
sensors in paddy crop field area and explained about Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN), sensor applications and the results are given when implemented in real time
environment.

The main purpose of this project is to monitor the paddy crop field in a
wireless manner. Here we sense the temperature, moisture and ph values of the
field and water level in the well using temperature, humidity and flow sensor

respectively. The analog value from the sensors is converted to digital format by the
ADC. The ATMEL controller gets the output from the ADC. The sensor values
monitored by the controller can be sent wirelessly to the users cell phone using
GSM modem. The pumping motor can be switched ON if the water level is high in
the well. Here we use two motor one for low rpm by using sprinkling motor and
another for high rpm by using shunt motor. The motor control can be done either by
PC or through GSM modem.

************************************************************************************

ENERGY THEFT DETECTION ISSUES FOR ADVANCE


METERING INFRASTRUCTURE IN SMART GRID

ABSTRACT
Embedded system has hardware and software which forms a component of
some larger system and which is expected to function without human intervention. A typical
embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM, which starts
running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop
until it is turned off (if ever). An embedded system may include some kind of operating
system but often it will be simple enough to be written as a single program. It will not usually
have any of the normal peripherals such as a keyboard, monitor, serial connections, mass storage,
etc. or any kind of user interface software unless these are required by the overall system of
which it is a part. Often it must provide real-time response.
The advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is a crucial component of the
smart grid, replacing traditional analog devices with computerized smart meters. Smart meters
have not only allowed for efficient management of many end-users, but also have made AMI an
attractive target for remote exploits and local physical tampering with the end goal of stealing
energy. While smart meters posses multiple sensors and data sources that can indicate energy
theft, in practice, the individual methods exhibit many false positives.
In this paper, we present AMIDS, an AMI intrusion detection system that
uses information fusion to combine the sensors and consumption data from a smart meter to
more accurately detect energy theft. AMIDS combines meter audit logs of physical and cyber

events with consumption data to more accurately model and detect theft-related behavior. Our
experimental results on normal and anomalous load profiles show that AMIDS can identify
energy theft efforts with high accuracy. Furthermore, AMIDS correctly identified legitimate load
profile changes that more elementary analyses classified as malicious.

PROPOSED SYSTEM
Here we are going to see Energy theft detection by Sensors. Voltage and
Current sensors are placed before the meter, so that we get some value. And same way we are
keeping another Voltage and Current Sensors after meter, even in that we will get some value.
Both values will be given to controller, and it compares if the both value are not equal then its
sounds a buzzer and at the same time it will send message to mobile via GSM.

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