(TCS 031 ) DATA MINING AND WAREHOUSING

Unit-I :Overview, Motivation(for Data Mining),Data Mining-Definition & Functionalities, Data

Processing, Form of Data Preprocessing, Data Cleaning: Missing Values, Noisy
Data,(Binning, Clustering, Regression, Computer and Human inspection),Inconsistent
Data, Data Integration and Transformation. Data Reduction:-Data Cube Aggregation,
Dimensionality reduction, Data Compression, Numerosity Reduction, Clustering,
Discretization and Concept hierarchy generation.
Unit-II:Concept Description :Definition, Data Generalization, Analytical Characterization, Analysis of attribute relevance,
Mining Class comparisions, Statistical measures in large Databases. Measuring Central
Tendency, Measuring Dispersion of Data, Graph Displays of Basic Statistical class Description,
Mining Association Rules in Large Databases, Association rule mining, mining SingleDimensional Boolean Association rules from Transactional Databases Apriori Algorithm,
Mining Multilevel Association rules from Transaction Databases and Mining Multi-Dimensional
Association rules from Relational Databases.
Unit-III:Classification and Predictions :What is Classification & Prediction, Issues regarding Classification and prediction,Decision tree,
Bayesian Classification, Classification by Back propagation, Multilayer feed-forward Neural
Network, Back propagation Algorithm, Classification methods Knearest neighbor classifiers,
Genetic Algorithm.
Cluster Analysis:
Data types in cluster analysis, Categories of clustering methods, Partitioning methods.
Hierarchical Clustering- CURE and Chameleon, Density Based Methods-DBSCAN,OPTICS,
Grid Based Methods- STING, CLIQUE, Model Based Method Statistical Approach, Neural
Network approach, Outlier Analysis.
Unit-IV:Data Warehousing: Overview, Definition, Delivery Process, Difference between Database
System and Data Warehouse, Multi Dimensional Data Model, Data Cubes, Stars, Snow Flakes,
Fact Constellations, Concept hierarchy, Process Architecture, 3 Tier Architecture, Data Marting.
Unit-V :Aggregation, Historical information, Query Facility, OLAP function and Tools. OLAP Servers,
ROLAP, MOLAP, HOLAP, Data Mining interface, Security, Backup and Recovery, Tuning Data
Warehouse, Testing Data Warehouse.

ECS-074 Pattern Recognition

Unit-I :Introduction: Basics of pattern recognition, Design principles of pattern recognition
system,Learning and adaptation, Pattern recognition approaches, Mathematical foundations
Linear algebra, Probability Theory, Expectation, mean and covariance, Normal distribution,
multivariate normal densities, Chi squared test.
Unit-II :Statistical Patten Recognition: Bayesian Decision Theory, Classifiers, Normal density and
discriminant functions.
Unit III :Parameter estimation methods: Maximum-Likelihood estimation, Bayesian Parameter
estimation, Dimension reduction methods - Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Fisher Linear
discriminant analysis, Expectation-maximization (EM), Hidden Markov Models
(HMM),Gaussian mixture models.
Unit IV :Nonparametric Techniques: Density Estimation, Parzen Windows, K-Nearest Neighbor
Estimation, Nearest Neighbor Rule, Fuzzy classification.
Unit V :Unsupervised Learning & Clustering: Criterion functions for clustering, Clustering
Techniques:Iterative square - error partitional clustering K means, agglomerative hierarchical
clustering,Cluster validation.

ECS-702 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

U NIT-I
I ntroduction and Fundamentals
Motivation and Perspective, Applications, Components of Image Processing
System, Element of
Visual Perception, A Simple Image Model, Sampling and Quantization.
I mage Enhancement in Frequency Domain
Fourier Transform and the Frequency Domain, Basis of Filtering in Frequency
Domain, Filters
Low-pass, High-pass; Correspondence Between Filtering in Spatial and
Frequency Domain;
Smoothing Frequency Domain Filters Gaussian Lowpass Filters; Sharpening
Frequency Domain

Filters Gaussian Highpass Filters; Homomorphic Filtering.

UNIT-II
I mage Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Introduction; Basic Gray Level Functions Piecewise-Linear Transformation
Functions: Contrast
Stretching; Histogram Specification; Histogram Equalization; Local
Enhancement; Enhancement
using Arithmetic/Logic Operations Image Subtraction, Image Averaging; Basics
of Spatial
Filtering; Smoothing - Mean filter, Ordered Statistic Filter; Sharpening The
Laplacian.
UNIT-III
I mage Restoration
A Model of Restoration Process, Noise Models, Restoration in the presence of
Noise only-Spatial
Filtering Mean Filters: Arithmetic Mean filter, Geometric Mean Filter, Order
Statistic Filters
Median Filter, Max and Min filters; Periodic Noise Reduction by Frequency
Domain Filtering
Bandpass Filters; Minimum Mean-square Error Restoration.
UNIT-IV
M orphological Image Processing
Introduction, Logic Operations involving Binary Images, Dilation and Erosion,
Opening and Closing,
Morphological Algorithms Boundary Extraction, Region Filling, Extraction of
Connected
Components, Convex Hull, Thinning, Thickening
U NIT-V Registration
Introduction, Geometric Transformation Plane to Plane transformation,
Mapping, Stereo Imaging
Algorithms to Establish Correspondence, Algorithms to Recover Depth
S egmentation
Introduction, Region Extraction, Pixel-Based Approach, Multi-level Thresholding,
Local
Thresholding, Region-based Approach, Edge and Line Detection: Edge Detection,
Edge Operators,
Pattern Fitting Approach, Edge Linking and Edge Following, Edge Elements
Extraction by
Thresholding, Edge Detector Performance, Line Detection, Corner Detection.

ECS-701 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

UnitI
Characterization of Distributed Systems: Introduction, Examples of
distributed Systems, Resource
sharing and the Web Challenges. Architectural models, Fundamental Models.
Theoretical Foundation for Distributed System: Limitation of Distributed
system, absence of

global clock, shared memory, Logical clocks, Lamports & vectors logical clocks.
Concepts in Message Passing Systems: causal order, total order, total
causal order, Techniques
for Message Ordering, Causal ordering of messages, global state, termination
detection.
U nit-II
Distributed Mutual Exclusion: Classification of distributed mutual exclusion,
requirement of
mutual exclusion theorem, Token based and non token based algorithms,
performance metric for
distributed mutual exclusion algorithms.
Distributed Deadlock Detection: system model, resource Vs communication
deadlocks, deadlock
prevention, avoidance, detection & resolution, centralized dead lock detection,
distributed dead lock
detection, path pushing algorithms, edge chasing algorithms.
U nitIII
Agreement Protocols: Introduction, System models, classification of
Agreement Problem,
Byzantine agreement problem, Consensus problem, Interactive consistency
Problem, Solution to
Byzantine Agreement problem, Application of Agreement problem, Atomic
Commit in Distributed
Database system.
Distributed Resource Management: Issues in distributed File Systems,
Mechanism for building
distributed file systems, Design issues in Distributed Shared Memory, Algorithm
for Implementation of Distributed Shared Memory.
UnitIV
Failure Recovery in Distributed Systems: Concepts in Backward and
Forward recovery, Recovery
in Concurrent systems, Obtaining consistent Checkpoints, Recovery in
Distributed Database
Systems.
Fault Tolerance: Issues in Fault Tolerance, Commit Protocols, Voting protocols,
Dynamic voting
protocols.
U nit V
Transactions and Concurrency Control: Transactions, Nested transactions,
Locks, Optimistic
Concurrency control, Timestamp ordering, Comparison of methods for
concurrency control.
Distributed Transactions: Flat and nested distributed transactions, Atomic
Commit protocols,
Concurrency control in distributed transactions, Distributed deadlocks,
Transaction recovery.
Replication: System model and group communication, Fault - tolerant services,
highly available

services, Transactions with replicated data.